Abstract: For comprehensive evaluation of domestic and foreign Rhododendron phylogenetic relationships from the perspective of molecular biology, we sequenced ITS of 4 R. mucronulatum of Rhodorastrum and 1 R. micranthum of Rhododendron which planted in Yunmeng Mountain of Beijing, and got 17 ITS different sequences of Rhododendron by Genebank. Using K2 model, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of 22 ITS sequences of Rhododendron by neighbor- joining method and maximum likelihood method. We classified Rhododendron into 2 categories and 5 small classes by analyzing system locations of every provenance of Rhododendron. 22 plant materials were classified into different branches and the classification result was in line with traditional morphological classification result. We found that the consistency of the 22 plant materials of Rhododendron was 95.29% compared with the ITS sequences, which illustrated that the conservatism of ITS sequences of Rhododendron was higher, but the 22 plant materials had different variation with each other, and there were 80 variation sites. The variation sites can be the fingerprint specificity recognition sites of provenance DNA of Rhododendron. What we did could provide molecules proof for classifying the provenance of Rhododendron growing in Yunmeng mountain of Beijing and played an important role for analyzing genetic diversity and protecting, utilizing and developing of wild rhododendron community of Rhododendron.