Abstract: In order to better understand the growth and varieties division of the Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill), nine provenances of Cydonia oblonga from Akesu Xinjiang, Kashi Xinjiang, Xi’an Shannxi, Qufu Shandong, Mingxi Fujian, Beijing and Chile were selected for this experiment, taking their seeds for seedlings and research on different seedlings for growth dynamic, cold resistance and AFLP genetic diversity was carried out. The main results were submitted as follows: (1) the proceeds of Cydonia oblonga seedling growth can be divided into four stages: the seedling stage, the initial stage of growth, the fast-growing period and the late stage; during the fast-growing period, the height and diameter growth and volume accounts for about 70% of the annual total; (2) cell damage degree of different provenances of Cydonia oblonga seedling increased with the decrease of temperature, the relative conductivity of Chile Cydonia oblonga (4℃, 63.31%) was higher than that of the other samples significantly and its cold resistance was the worst, the relative conductivity of Akesu Xinjiang Cydonia oblonga was lower than that of the other samples and its cold resistance was the best; (3) based on AFLP markers, ten selective primers were screened and 210 polymorphic bands were observed from total 310 bands. The polymorphic percentage (PPB) was 69.41% , the analysis indicated that there were no large genetic variations in molecular levels; (4) according to the NTSYSpc2.10, the genetic similarity coefficient of the nine quince germplasm was between 0.10 and 0.50, two groups of taxes were assigned based on the results of cluster analysis with the genetic similarity coefficient at 0.328.