Abstract: The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield, quality and economic benefits of Platycodon grandiflorum growing in Shangluo area were studied to optimize the N, P, K fertilization proportion, in order to provide reasonable scientific basis for Platycodon grandiflorum fertilization. A field experiment with threefactor and quadratic saturation D-optimal design was conducted to evaluate the Platycodon grandiflorum yield. The ultrasonic technology was applied to extract the total saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum. The total saponins and total polysaccharides were determined by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetry and phenol-vitriolic colorimetry, respectively. The rate of increased income was determined based on yield in trials and fertilizer application. The results showed that: (1) Fertilizer could improve the medicinal materials production of Platycodon grandiflorum. The yield of N, P, K elements combined application in 3 of 10 treatments increased (treatment 8, 9 and 10) significantly. Production effect of treatment 9 was the most obvious. Its annual and two year test yield increase was 84.30% and 75.38%, respectively. (2) The reasonable N, P, K ratio could improve the quality of Platycodon grandiflorum medicinal materials. The total saponin content of treatment 9 from two year Platycodon grandiflorum reached up to 8.41%, 71.98% higher than that of control group. (3) Economic benefit analysis showed that the income rate of treatment 9 was the highest, up to 69.4% . The optimum fertilization scheme was treatment 9 (N 325.92、P₂O₅ 664.16、K₂O 416.46 kg/hm²).