Abstract: Currently, farming behavior in the Three Gorges Reservoir water- level fluctuation has caused environmental problem, farmers abandoning farming through economic subsidies could be a way to prevent environmental degradation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The article carried out a random sample investigation on farmers across the Three Gorges Reservoir Water- level fluctuation with the willingness investigation method. Based on farmers’willingness to be paid，estimated economic subsidies standards of Three Gorges Reservoir，and analyzed the factors affecting subsidies willingness. The statistics show that: (1) farmers depend on the land of Water-level fluctuation greatly and there are 72.1% farmers cultivating on the land; (2) farmers have high perception of environmental problems，94.7% farmers are willing to accept economic subsidies for giving up cultivation on water-level fluctuation; (3) weighted the farmers’willingness value and calculated the average value, RMB 549.7 is what one family willing to accept every year; (4) the value of subsides acceptance illingness value of farmers is significantly positive correlated with the space of calculated land on the water-level fluctuation. The space of calculated land on the water-level fluctuation affects farmers’income.