Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.29 Published:31 October 2014

  Research Progress of Reseeding Forage Legumes into Natural Grassland 2014, 30 (29):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1194 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 1409 ) At present, the degradation of natural grassland is serious in China. Reseeding is an important measure of the grassland improvement. Reseeding forage legumes into natural grassland which is dominated with grasses had significant function on the improvement of forage yield, the nutrition of forage, grassland quality and physical and chemical properties of soil. However, the measure was not applied to practice effectively. Reseeding techniques and the stability of grassland community are the problems needed to be solved urgently. The author discussed the reseeding techniques about selection of variety, the way of reseeding and reseeding time, and analyzed the change of forage yield, forage quality and physical and chemical properties of soil after reseeding legumes. In addition, the stability of grassland community after reseeding was also discussed at the aspect of inter-specific competition and coexistence of grasses-legume. While reseeding legumes into natural grassland, we should select suitable reseeding techniques and make use of the theory of inter-specific competition and coexistence in order to enhance the stability of grassland community and realize the resuming of grassland ecology.

  Screening and Identification of Antagonisms Against the Soilborne Pathogens 2014, 30 (29):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0392 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 690KB )   ( 1050 ) To make the laying hen manure have the multi-function of preventing soil-borne diseases. We isolated 170 strains from the experimental field and laying hens farms of Anhui Academy of Agricultural. 7 strains were screened out by the plate confrontation experiment carried out to test the inhibition effect of 170 strains to Colletotrichum capsici. After that, we carried out inhibitory spectrum experiments, temperature experiments and proliferation assays with these 7 strains to screen out the effective strains. At last, better ones were taken to molecular biological identification test. The results showed that the inhibitory rates of TCC53 to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia cerealis were 90.4% and 82.3% respectively, the inhibitory rate of TCC157 to Colletotrichum capsici and Phytophthora capsici were 88.6% and 71.2%. And both of them could be grown in more than 40℃. In the molecular biology assay, TCC53 and TCC157 were identificated as Aspergillus aculeatus and Penicillium crustosum. Which were existed in the environment commonly, could grow fast and non-pathogenic, add the 2 strains to the organic fertilizer made by laying hen manure could help the crops resistant disease and improve soil structure.

  Isolation and Identification of Aerococcus viridans from Swine andPhylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence 2014, 30 (29):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0271 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 1414KB )   ( 661 ) In order to investigate the pathogen of acute death occurred of piglets from pig farms in Guangdong province and the phylogenetic position, six strains of alpha hemolytic bacteria were isolated from sick piglets with acute death in pig-rearing farm in Yingde, Longmen, Wongyuan, Shantou regions of Guangdong province. Morphological observation, biochemical identification, drug sensitive test, pathogenicity test and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes confirmed the six stains of alpha hemolytic bacteria as porcine green gas aureus, designated HD, WY, ZQ, LM, YD and ST, independently. Pathogenicity test showed that, the six isolates had different degree of pathogenicity. The results of drug sensitive test indicated that, the six isolates were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefazolin, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin, moderate sensitive to novobiocin, rifampin, amikacin gentamicin and polymyxin B, resistant to other antibiotics. Homologic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that, the six isolates shared identity above 93% with 12 reference strains at the nucleotide level, with the highest identity 98.1% to strain 15MS from dog in Australia, and the lowest identity 83.6% to strain GXBL- 1 from pig in Guangxi; The six isolates clustered with strains from Guangdong and Australia, suggesting that evolution did not exist obvious regional correlation. This study confirmed the pathogenic bacteria causing acute death of piglets in large scale pig farm, and provided the basis for prevention and cure of disease caused by the bacteria.

  Comparative Study of Five Kinds of Extraction Methods of Fibrinogen 2014, 30 (29):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0214 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 734 ) In order to determine the optimal method on fibrinogen extraction, the repeated cold precipitation method, classical cold precipitation method, cold ethanol method, ammonium sulfate precipitation method and polyethylene glycol precipitation method were adopted to extract fibrinogen from pig anticoagulated blood. All methods were assessed according to the blood volume processed, time-consuming and content of fibrinogen obtained in each process, whether additional chemicals need to be added and purity of the product. The results showed that compared with the classical cold precipitation, repeated cold precipitation could significantly improve the fibrinogen concentration. Compared with the chemical method, the whole process is physical, with no need to add additional chemicals, thus do not need further purification. The purity is relatively high and meets the standards of external use of the product. As a conclusion, the repeated cold precipitation method showed the optimal effect in fibrinogen extraction.

  Advance of Control Cyanobacteria Bloom with Bacillus in Aquaculture 2014, 30 (29):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1085 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 2284 ) Cyanobacteria bloom is a serious problem in aquaculture. In this paper, the formation of cyanobacterial blooms, the harm of cyanobacteria bloom, and the treatment methods were summarized. Among all the treatments, using the microorganism is a kind of effective method. Then paper explained the mechanism of control algae echanism with Bacillus and discussed future application of Bacillus in the controlling harmful algal and repairing water environment.

  PCR-DGGE Analysis of Bacterial Communities Structure in Babylonia areolata Culture Systems of The Subtidal Zone and The Pond Mulched Plastic Film and Sand in Bottom 2014, 30 (29):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1213 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 780KB )   ( 835 ) To know the bacterial communities structure in Babylonia areolata culture systems and to research and optimize the management pattern of Babylonia areolata culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, the bacterial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the subtidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom were analyzed at molecular level by adopting the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results indicated that the dominant bacterial communities in Babylonia areolata culture systems of the subtidal zone and the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom, which were built on the basis of the seawater in East-island of Zhanjiang, included Proteobacteria Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The dominant bacterial groups in the above pond culture system were Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Anaerolineae, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria. The dominant bacterial communities in the subtidal zone culture system were Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Cyanobacteria, and there were less Epsilonproteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the culture system. The higher diversity was detected in the above two culture systems. The results of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) showed that the bacterial communities of the sediment samples S1 and S2 in the above two culture systems were a cluster, the similarity of bacterial communities was 54.5% . The bacterial communities of seawater samples S3 and S4 in the above culture systems were a cluster, the similarity of the bacterial communities was 84.0%. The results showed that the microorganism ecological level in the Babylonia areolata culture systems of the pond mulched plastic film and sand in bottom could be similar to the subtidal zone culture systems through changing the pond seawater and monitoring the microbial population.

  Quantitative Evaluation on Social and Economic Development of the Coastal Provinces Fishery in China Based on GAHP Model 2014, 30 (29):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0830 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 599KB )   ( 509 ) This article design the fishery evaluation index system for quantitatively study the status of fishery industry development of the coastal province, applying Delphi method and Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (GAHP) model to determine the weight of each group on its social and economic development. Social and economic development data of eight big representative coastal fishery provinces in 2012 were chosen for quantitative evaluation. Statistic results show that, ranking order of the eight coastal provinces’s fishery degreeof social and economic development from high to low is Shanghai, Fujian, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Kwangtung and Guangxi. According to the result of comprehensive evaluation, the author put forward suggestions as making coastal provinces to plan as a whole the fishery economy and social coordinated development, adjusting the structure of fishery industry, improving the efficiency of fishery production and protecting the fishermen's life quality etc.

  Investigation of Hainan Shrimp Nursery Water Purification Treatment Methods 2014, 30 (29):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0695 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 661 ) In July and August 2013, a survey was conducted in Hainan Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanning, East and other regions’100 shrimp hatcheries to investigate the effect of six water treatment methods, including sand filter wells, sedimentation tanks, sand filters, activated carbon filters, ultraviolet disinfection and sterilization chemicals, and discuss the role of the various parts in water treatment. The findings suggest that among different combinations of methods for seawater treatment, more than 90% of seawater breeding nursery use sand filtration, ultraviolet disinfection only accounts for 5%. The traditional treatment methods are less used than in the past, most hatcheries are reforming the water treatment systems and introducing new equipment. Experimental results show that seawater treated firstly by activated carbon filter and then by sand filtration, ultraviolet disinfection and formaldehyde disinfection can reduce COD and total bacterial content significantly (P＜0.05), and the removal and decline rate are more than 22.80% and 99.00%, but the oxygen content of the water has a downward trend, with no obvious effect on the pH value (P＞0.05). The survey can provide a reference for the practical application of shrimp breeding and development of new technologies.

  Calculation and Analysis of Contribution Rate of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Progress in China's Main Grain Production Region 2014, 30 (29):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0448 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 657KB )   ( 1101 ) The research aims to carry out an in- depth study of the impact of agricultural science and technology progress on agricultural economic growth in China's grain producing regions, reveal the mechanism of action of agricultural science and technology in agricultural economic growth, and explore the regional differences of the influence of agricultural science and technology progress on economic growth of agriculture and its causes. Based on the general form of the C-D production function, the author established a fixed effect varying parameter panel data analysis model. According to the model, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress in China's major grain producing areas were calculated and analyzed in detail. Studies showed that：there were significant regional differences in the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress in China's grain producing regions，reflecting the level of development of agricultural science and technology in China had an uneven regional status. From 1978 to 2012, the contribution rates of agricultural scientific and technological progress in the country's 13 grain producing's regions were between 17.28%-33.82%, and the average level was 26.22%. Investment in production factors, the level of scientific and technological content of the capital stock had great impact on the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress. The role of scientific and technological progress of agriculture in the process of economic growth in was still relatively small, agricultural economic growth in China relied on traditional high input, high consumption, low output, low efficiency of the extensive growth mode and no fundamental change occurred.

  The U.S. Apiculture Supporting Policies and Its Implication to China 2014, 30 (29):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0202 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 638KB )   ( 1120 ) Apiculture was key to agricultural industry because of bee pollination for crops, but there were little apiculture policies in Chinese at present, the government didn’t supply a good policy environment for the evelopment of apiculture. So, the study analyzed the U.S. relatively comprehensive apiculture support policy system used the method of inductive analysis to raise suggestions for complementing Chinese apiculture support policy system and promote the development of Chinese apiculture. The analysis result showed that the U.S. apiculture support policies could be classified into the following types which were honey price support policy aimed to stabilize beekeepers’income, honey trade protection policy aimed to protect the interest of domestic honey producers’, apiculture insurance and emergency assistance policy aimed to alleviate beekeepers’disaster losses, research support policies aimed to solve bee diseases and insect pests problems and the Colony Collapse Disorder, and registration and inspection policies aimed to supervise the bee keeping activities. ombined with the status quo of Chinese apiculture policies, the Chinese apiculture support policy system could be perfected by development of policy- based apiculture insurance which should be supplemented by apiculture risk salvation, increase of finance subsidy to bee keepers’and finance support to apiculture researches, and strict control of bee keeping activities.

  Spatial Variability of Regional Economies in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Region Based on Principal Components Analysis and GIS 2014, 30 (29):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0157 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 818KB )   ( 506 ) On the basis of such spatial development strategy as‘one core, one axis, and three economic zones’, the author provided scientific evidence for both acceleration upgrade of industrial structure and optimization of economic structure by building up comprehensive development index of production factors and technical level for county economy and dividing Guanzhong- Tianshui economic region into different comprehensive zones. Comprehensive evaluation of regional economy taking counties as units in the study area was made by principal components analysis; tendency of industrial agglomeration was calculated by Krugman regional specialization index and location quotient; while the economic region was delimitated into five zones according to hierarchical clustering and GIS spatial analysis. Finally some suggestions were put forward on how to promote regional specialization and integration, and to coordinate regional development in the five zones divided.

  Primary Analyses on the Coevolution of Marine Culture and Development of Marine Economy 2014, 30 (29):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0161 Abstract + ( 593 )   PDF ( 528KB )   ( 612 ) With the unswervingly efforts during the‘Eleventh Five- Year Plan’period, the development of marine economy in China has achieved eye- catching progress while confronted great threats under the influence of nternational financial crises. To push the marine economy to a new level, it’s indispensable to research the role of marine culture in the marine economy development. This paper summarized the economic features of marine culture through literature review. Besides, the development of marine culture research of China and foreign countries was clarified through comparative study. With the combination of normative study and empirical analyses, the author established an argument that building sound marine culture with Chinesecharacteristic could help accumulate the culture capital which would benefit marine economy. Moreover, through establishing regression models by adopting culture substitute index, the effect of marine culture toward marine economy development was quantified. Eventually, the focus of building Chinese marine culture was raised.

  The Search on the Early Warning System of Soybean Import Dependence Degree Based on Decision Tree 2014, 30 (29):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0303 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 508 ) Early warning is the foundation of remove- warning and the traditional warning is based on the forecast. This paper presented a new warning method: way-decision tree warning. In view of the reality of China soybean production, this paper used the relative theory of early warning. Firstly, it set up a oybean early warning index system by analysis of China soybean market in the past eighteen years. Secondly, it extracted some regularity sets according to the warning sign index’s effects on the warning alert index by decision tree. Lastly, it established the early warning system of soybean import ependence degree. The conclusion shows that China soybean import dependence degree has remained in a serious warning state since 2002.

  Dynamic Analysis on the Agricultural Production Efficiency of the Counties of Henan Province From 2001 to 2010 2014, 30 (29):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0497 Abstract + ( 494 )   PDF ( 1567KB )   ( 531 ) By using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, the agricultural production efficiency, which includes pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and comprehensive efficiency, of 108 counties of Henan province from 2001 to 2010 were calculated. The temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural production efficiency of each county were analyzed. The number of counties which have full pure technical efficiency has increased, and the average pure technical efficiency of Henan province has obviously increased. The scale efficiency of most counties has reached to a better level, and there is still room to grow, the average scale efficiency of the whole province has declined. The comprehensive efficiency of agricultural production in Henan province is basically stable. However, the changes of comprehensive efficiency varied greatly in each county. These results suggested that the input on the agricultural technique in Henan province has significantly increased from 2001 to 2010. It indicates that the government of Henan province effectively remedies the inefficiency of lower level agriculture production in the past, while the comprehensive efficiency of counties in Henan Province still has large space for improvement.

  Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Regional Differences of the Agricultural Energy Consumption in China 2014, 30 (29):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0242 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1109KB )   ( 490 ) In order to comprehensively reflect the characteristics of space evolution and its formation mechanism of agricultural energy consumption in China from the view of temporal and spatial combination, according to agricultural energy consumption per cultivated area in all provinces, using the index of global spatial autocorrelation and the index of local spatial autocorrelation, the study analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of agricultural energy consumption in China and established the spatial regression model to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that the level of agricultural energy consumption in China was increasing, but the inter-provincial absolute and relative difference was expanding; there was positive spatial autocorrelation in agricultural energy consumption which was demonstrated by the agglomeration of high-value and low-value regions. The cold-spots were mainly located in the vast Midwest region and the hot-spots were mainly located in southeast coastal areas, especially in Yangtze River Delta region, while the warm-spots were located in the region that bordering the east, the middle and the west. Agricultural workers, total power of agricultural machinery, agricultural output and agricultural investment in fixed assets were the main causes of spatial differentiation of agricultural energy consumption. But the impact of various factors was different. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation was also an important factor that affected the differentiation of agricultural energy consumption.

  Analysis on Development Disparities of Rural Economic and Its Type Division in Eight Minority Autonomous Prefectures in Yunnan Province 2014, 30 (29):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0187 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 987KB )   ( 496 ) Based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis, the paper selected agricultural output, per capita net income of farmers, per capita food production and other indicators, used standard deviation and coefficient of variation to analyze the development gap of rural economic and its Changes between Eight Minority Autonomous Prefectures in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the gap between the rural economies of the eight minority autonomous prefectures was significant, and the gap was further expanding. In addition, the paper divided the type of rural economic development and discussed the gap causes based on it.

  Primary Study on the Social Sustainability Assessment of Rural Land Consolidation 2014, 30 (29):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0602 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 986 ) The study aims to promote relevant research and practical application of social sustainability assessment on rural land consolidation. The basic concept of the social sustainability of rural land consolidation was proposed. Based on the PSR model, the author constructed the assessment index system and conducted a comprehensive evaluation. Through analysis of typical case, pressure, state and response evaluation scores were 0.50, 0.65 and 0.68. Comprehensive evaluation value was 0.62, coordination index was 1.72, generally in the middle sustainable level. With urban expansion, reduction of arable land, urban and rural land conflicts increase, the driving force of land consolidation would also be enhanced. Relevant departments should make appropriate supporting measures to relieve social pressures, enhance the social states and promote the sustainability of rural land consolidation in social dimension.

  Economic Subsidies Criteria for Three Gorges Reservoir Water-level Fluctuation Based On Farmers’Willingness 2014, 30 (29):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0665 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 494KB )   ( 504 ) Currently, farming behavior in the Three Gorges Reservoir water- level fluctuation has caused environmental problem, farmers abandoning farming through economic subsidies could be a way to prevent environmental degradation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The article carried out a random sample investigation on farmers across the Three Gorges Reservoir Water- level fluctuation with the willingness investigation method. Based on farmers’willingness to be paid，estimated economic subsidies standards of Three Gorges Reservoir，and analyzed the factors affecting subsidies willingness. The statistics show that: (1) farmers depend on the land of Water-level fluctuation greatly and there are 72.1% farmers cultivating on the land; (2) farmers have high perception of environmental problems，94.7% farmers are willing to accept economic subsidies for giving up cultivation on water-level fluctuation; (3) weighted the farmers’willingness value and calculated the average value, RMB 549.7 is what one family willing to accept every year; (4) the value of subsides acceptance illingness value of farmers is significantly positive correlated with the space of calculated land on the water-level fluctuation. The space of calculated land on the water-level fluctuation affects farmers’income.

  The Debate of Farmers’Economic Behaviors 2014, 30 (29):  120-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3164 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 905 ) Due to the disaccord of age, geographic and analysis point of view, scholars have different understandings about the farmers’economic behavior. The mainstream view of Chinese scholars is that farmers’ economic behavior presents both rational and irrational trait under different periods. This article has a relevant approve as well as critic to Weber’s, Huang Zongzhi’s and Qin Hui’s opinion and hold the value that farmers’ economic behavior is rational in continuity, and so- called irrational just originates from external different evaluation mechanism. Then, the author analyzed the inner reason and outer reason of farmers through the prisoner’s dilemma, road model and cobweb model. Finally the author introduced the information equalinformation-line to analyze the relation between information and marginal benefit farmers, get the conclusion that information factors determine farmers’economic behavior.

  Study on Forecast Model of Photosynthetic Active Radiation in Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter in Panjin 2014, 30 (29):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0333 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 599KB )   ( 510 ) In order to explore the law of photosynthetic active radiation in winter sunlight greenhouse of Panjin and serve the region agricultural facilities better, based on the observed data of sunlight greenhouse microclimate and of the nearby weather station during winter in 2012, the methods of correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were adopted to study characteristics of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse and the ratio of photosynthetic active radiation to global radiation under different weather types during winter, and to set up forecast models of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse under different weather types during winter. The results showed that: (1) the daily variation of photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse on sunny and cloudy days were both obvious, when it’s cloudy photosynthetic active radiation in sunlight greenhouse was 1-38 W/m2; (2)η PAR on typical cloudy day was the highest, on cloudy day was secondary and on sunny day was the minimum during winter; (3) the methods of stepwise regression analysis were respectively adopted to set up models of the highest daily maximum photosynthetic active radiation, the total daily photosynthetic active radiation, daily maximum global radiation, and the total daily global radiation in sunlight greenhouse associated with climate outside, the models passed the 0.01 level of significance, and fitting test had been carried out: 4 factors were fitted good on sunny and cloudy day, but poor on overcast day.

  Optimization of Extraction Technique of Seed Oil from Euphorbia Lathyris L. Using Response Surface Methodology and Component Analysis 2014, 30 (29):  133-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0363 Abstract + ( 573 )   PDF ( 1724KB )   ( 1784 ) The aim was to determine the optimal parameters in extraction of seed oil from Euphorbia Lathyris L. and analyze its fatty acid composition. The extraction efficiency of three extraction methods, including Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and aqueous enzymatic extraction were compared. Based on the single factor experiment, four factors were screened and optimized by using Plackett- Burman (PB) design. Central Composite Design was applied to optimize the selected factors using the seed oil as the response value. The results showed that the average extraction efficiency were 41.97% , 36.38% and 34.33% , respectively. The effect of extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to dry material, temperature and time on the extraction efficiency of the seed oil were the most obvious. The optimal conditions of extraction were obtained as follows: extraction solvent as petroleum ether, ratio of liquid to material at 30:1, extraction temperature at 90℃, extraction time of 9 h. Finally, the fatty acids were analyzed by gas hromatography-mass spectrometry (GS/MS). A total of 8 kinds of fatty acid were identified, accounting for more than 99% of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acid included oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, a-andarachidonic acid, and their content reached more than 90% of total fatty acids. Under these conditions the predictive maximum yield of seed oil of Euphorbia Lathyris L was 54.353% , the actual yield was 54.175% , the relative error was 0.120% . The experiment provided a reference for the extraction of oil from the seed of Euphorbia Lathyris L, and laid a foundation for future research and development of the plant.

  The Performance Evaluation of Land Reclamation Project Based on Super Efficiency DEA: A Case Study in Anhui Province 2014, 30 (29):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0501 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 923KB )   ( 604 ) To evaluate the performance of land reclamation project quantitatively, the supper efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was set up. Taking the relevant data of 8547 land reclamation projects in Anhui Province during 2009 to 2013 as the samples, the author built the input-output index system and then evaluated the efficiency of land reclamation projects. The results showed that: the performance of land reclamation projects in Anhui Province had an upward trend year by year, but the overall efficiency was still relatively low. In addition, it was found that there were significant performance differences between different regions and land reclamation projects had significant scale effect. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to the practice of land reclamation, such as planning reasonable project scale and adjusting techniques and methods to local conditions.

  The Classification of Plant Functional Types Based on Shrub Species in the Habitat of Rocky Desertification in Karst Mountain Region 2014, 30 (29):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1672 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 523KB )   ( 504 ) The composition change of plant functional groups is widely considered as an effective approach to study the structure and functions of complicated ecosystems. It is also one of the main indicators with which ecosystems respond to environmental changes. Therefore, studying changes of plant functional groups in karst mountainous ecosystems can help scientists to understand vegetation recovery process and laws. By studying the functional groups in different degree of rocky desertification ecosystems, the authors classified the shrub layer in karst ecosystems into seven functional groups based on geographical environment characteristics and the functional relations of different plants. The study helps understanding the structure and function of plant functional groups in karst ecosystems, and provides empirical data for the restoration of the ecosystem.

  Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Forest Fire in Sichuan and Its Climate Background 2014, 30 (29):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1597 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 2563KB )   ( 1045 ) The temporal and spatial characteristics of forest fire in Sichuan are analyzed with fire information derived from forest fire remote sensing monitor data, meteorological observation data of Sichuan Meteorological Administration and cloud fraction data observed by MODIS satellite sensors. Results indicated that forest fire occurred mostly from February to April in the south of Ganzi, Liangshan and Panzhihua. These areas have the maximum daily temperature and the minimum precipitation in Sichuan Province. Less precipitation in previous winter also favors the high frequency of forest fire in these areas. The chance of forest fire is low after May when precipitation begins to increase rapidly. The areas with high forest fire frequency are also corresponding to the areas with the minimum total cloud fraction at day. Because of high diurnal range of temperature in the plateau, daily maximum temperature is a more significant indicator of the forest fire distribution compared with daily mean temperature.

  Study on Quality Protection and Pollution Prevention of Farmland 2014, 30 (29):  161-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1487 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 585KB )   ( 602 ) Farmland is the material basis of human survival and development, its quality and pollution prevention directly influenced the sustainable development of agriculture and quality and safety of agricultural products. While, due to the long-term effects by industrial pollution and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, farmland pollution is growing and the quality situation is not optimistic. Using the information collected in Jiangsu, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jilin, this paper analyzed the quality protection and pollution prevention of farmland, and found that although the 4 provinces have adopted a series of measures to protect farmland and prevent pollution, there are still some problems to be solved, such as the top-level design needs to be strengthened, the traditional agricultural technology needs to be inherited, the technology and policy support need to be enhanced and the consciousness of related subjects needs to be improved. On this basis, this paper suggests to strengthen the top-level design, establish ecological compensation mechanism for farmland and improve the R & D of technology and propaganda.

  Research on the Space Distribution of Affordable Housing in Cities Based on AHP Model——A Case Study in Hebei Province 2014, 30 (29):  168-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0496 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 675KB )   ( 368 ) In order to make the spatial layout of indemnificatory housing more scientific and reasonable and the housing demands of low and medium income groups fully guaranteed, the research investigates the current ituation of independent indemnificatory housing in Hebei Province, selects two factors, including the distance to the city center and base land premium level, takes relative distance index and relative grade index separately to build the comparable bases in each city, applies AHP model, sets 3 level evaluation scale and makes quantitative evaluation on the locational advantages and disadvantages of indemnificatory housing in each city. Results demonstrate that the construction situation of indemnificatory housing in each city of Hebei Province is generally balanced, the address selections of indemnificatory housing of Zhangjiakou, Tangshan, Shijiazhuang are more reasonable than those in other cities. The authors deeply analyze the reasons why the land use distribution of indemnificatory housing in the current period is relatively ideal and recommend to optimize the construction of indemnificatory housing from law-making, living patterns, transition ideas, fruitful housing resources and other aspects.

  Research Progress of Effect of Straw Returning on Soil Microorganism 2014, 30 (29):  175-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0064 Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 788 ) Straw returning was an effective way to utilize straw resource. While playing an important role in the decomposition of straw and nutrient cycling, soil microbes were also subject to influences from straw. This paper summarized studies on effects of straw returning on soil microbes from the perspective of returning techniques, additives, returning amounts, farming system and transgenic straw. The existing research literature mostly focused on soil microbial biomass. However, there was no concurrent conclusion and there were few reports on soil microbes’long-term dynamics or functional groups. Therefore, future research should focus on following issues: actual status of soil microbes, which should be revealed by utilizing better methods; dynamic study of soil microbes throughout the whole process of decomposition; effects of straw returning on soil microbes studied at the level of functional group; varies methods and long term observation for the study on the effects of transgenic straw on microbes.

  Leaching Characteristic of Epoxiconazole in Soil in Guizhou 2014, 30 (29):  184-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0543 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 813 ) The research was focused on the leaching of epoxiconazole in yellow soil, paddy soil and lime soil in Guizhou, aimed to provide data support for environmental risk of epoxiconazole. The thin layer chromatography method was used to study the leaching of epoxiconazole in 3 different soils in Guizhou, to evaluate the mobility and carry out risk assessment. The results showed that the moving distances of epoxiconazole in 3 different soils in Guizhou all were in the range of 0-3 cm, and their Rf value were 0.08. Epoxiconazole was not easily mobile in yellow soil, paddy soil and lime soil in Guizhou, and difficult to cause groundwater contamination through leaching into groundwater. But epoxiconazole was relatively easy to be absorbed in the soil and might result in certain risks to the soil environment.

  Study on Water Requirement Rule and Optimization Irrigation Quota of Alfalfa in Xilin River Basin 2014, 30 (29):  188-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0227 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 563KB )   ( 558 ) In order to determine the water requirement, water requirement rule and rational irrigation quota in different stages during the growth period of alfalfa, the author used non- sufficient irrigation experiment, researched the water requirement rule and relationship of yield and irrigation quota and the rational irrigation quota of alfalfa in Xilin River Basin, and attained some experiment information about the water requirement of alfalfa under water-saving irrigation condition. It was showed that the peak of water demand for the first growth season of alfalfa appeared from the late June to early July, the maximal water demand strength could reach 5.09 mm/d; the water requirement of the second growth season of alfalfa appeared from the early August to middle August, the maximal water demand strength could reach 5.23 mm/d. The relationship between alfalfa yield and irrigation quota was considered as a quadratic parabola. To achieve the targets of maximum yield per unit area, irrigation production efficiency and irrigation production elasticity, and determine rational irrigation quota of alfalfa, this research could supply scientific basis for water saving irrigation program and irrigation forecasting.

  Balance Between the Supply and Demand of Water Resources in Hubei Province and Its Carrying Capacity 2014, 30 (29):  192-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1474 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 487KB )   ( 1293 ) This paper took Hubei Province as the study objective, adopted water carrying index and balance model of supply and demand and the method of mathematical statistics, to quantitatively calculate and analyze the water resources’supply and demand situation and water resources potential in Hubei Province on city scale. Based on the assessment of land-water balance analysis, the supply and demand situation of water resources and water resources potential, the authors carried out the study from the perspective of resources balance relation, used water resources carrying index to quantitatively study water resources situation in Hubei Province on province and city scale from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that: the per capita water resources of Hubei Province were of the national average. Hubei Province belonged to the regions of high water resources using efficiency with good development and utilization condition and great developing potential. However, water resources carrying capacity of Hubei Province was limited, with the increase of population in the future as well as the rapid development of industry and agriculture, on the basis of the existing water resources, water shortage will become a bottleneck of east-central city of Hubei Province.

  Effects of Climate Change on Phenophase of Forage Grass in Xilinguole Typical Grassland 2014, 30 (29):  197-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1063 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 790KB )   ( 820 ) Plant phenology can directly reflect the effects of climate change and has become the focus of global change research. The author compiled meteorological data from 1954 to 2012 and observational data of phenophases of Stipa krylovii during 1986—2012 from Xilinhot National Climate Observing Station. Relationships between phenophases and climate driving were examined using correlation analysis. The results showed that the climatic tendency of Xilinguole typical grassland is dry- warming; The annual average temperature significantly increased, the tendency of the annual precipitation lightly decreased, and hours of sunshine significantly increased in the past 60 years. The heading, flowering, maturity, and withering stage of Stipa krylovii were ahead of time year by year, and returning to green stage was delayed. The multi-stepwise regression results showed the accumulative temperature during the date with temperature above 0℃to the date of re- greening greatly influenced the returning to green stage; the average temperature of May and accumulative temperature from returning to green stage to heading stage significantly influenced the heading stage; precipitation of April and June significantly influenced the flowering stage; precipitation of June significantly influenced the maturity stage; precipitation of September significantly influenced the withering date.

  Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Agricultural Climate Resources During Summer Drought in Guizhou 2014, 30 (29):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0254 Abstract + ( 543 )   PDF ( 970KB )   ( 623 ) In order to evaluate the influence of agricultural climate resources, including light, heat and moisture, on grain crops during the summer drought, the author adopted the evaluation method of the phototemperature potential and the photo- temperature- water potential of grain, comparatively analyzed potential deviations of climate mean state to the grain production during summer drought, objectively and quantitatively analyzed advantages and disadvantages of agricultural climate resources during summer drought in Guizhou. The results showed that: the photo-temperature potential of rice and corn during summer drought compared with the normal climatic year was generally higher of 10%, light and heat resources had obvious advantages; but the photo-temperature-water potential of rice and corn during summer drought compared with the normal climatic year generally was lower of 30%-40%, water resource disadvantages limited crop growth. Through the rational development and efficient use of water resources to meet the crops demand of water during summer drought, good light and heat conditions were more conducive to agricultural production.

  Response of Characteristics of Winter Wheat Main Growth Stages to Winter Accumulate Temperature Under Climate Warming in Jiangsu Province 2014, 30 (29):  210-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0372 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 559 ) Using the analytical methods of Mann-Kendall, linear trend evaluation and correlation analysis, the temporal- spatial distribution law of winter accumulate temperature, the fundamental features and changing trend of winter wheat growth stages and the impact of winter accumulate temperature on winter wheat growth stages were identified in this study based on historical data of winter wheat growth stages of 9 agrometeorological observatories and meteorology data of 35 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2010. Results indicated that: (1) the winter accumulate temperature increased significantly since the early 1990s in north area of Huaihe river and the middle 1990s in south; (2) the growth period lengths (GPL) from sowing to jointing and that after jointing were shorter in south than in north, the regional disparity of the GPL from sowing to jointing was the largest, and the regional disparity of the GPL from sowing to booting and that after booting decreased gradually, when the regional disparity was smaller in south than in north; (3) the GPL from sowing to jointing shortened significantly in the past 30 years, while the GPL from jointing to ripening prolonged significantly, and the GPL from flowering to milk-ripening which was very important to the output was also prolonged obviously; (4) with the winter accumulated temperature increasing, the GPL from sowing to overwintering, jointing to ripening and flowering to milk-ripening prolonged significantly, while the GPL from overwintering to jointing, sowing to jointing shortened significantly. Winter wheat is one of the main food crops, analysis of the impact of winter accumulate temperature on its growth stages could supply basis for knowing well the changing rule of each growth stage and provide necessary agricultural guidance.

  Phenology Change of Salix and Its Response to Climate Change in Benxi Mountain 2014, 30 (29):  217-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0403 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 638KB )   ( 451 ) In order to explore impacts of climate change on woody plant phenology in Benxi Mountainouse area, the phenophases change of woody plant and its responses to climate change were analyzed. The study used methods of linear trend and trend coefficient, and based on the data of Salix phenology of national agrometeorological station and temperature, precipitation, sunshine from 1980 to 2012 in Benxi County. The results showed that the temperature had a significant warming trend in the past 33 years, its increasing rate was 0.45℃/10 a, the precipitation and sunshine had a declining volatility trends and the precipitation showed great volatility, the range between the maximum and the minimum rainfall was big. The trend of buds opening was significantly delayed, its linear rate was 2.4 d/10 a. Flowering period was also delayed, its linear rate was 0.35 d/10 a. The start of discolor and fallen leaves showed significantly delayed trends, the rates were 7.27 d/10 a and 5.52 d/10 a respectively. Influence of Salix phenology of the temperature was significant, and the phenology changes of precipitation and sunshine had certain impact.

  Main Crop Straw Resources Investigation and Energy Utilization Evaluation——Taking Anhui Province As An Example 2014, 30 (29):  222-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1997 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 936 ) Straw resource statistics is the precondition of its comprehensive utilization. Taking Anhui province as an example, this paper carries out statistical analysis and evaluation of energy utilization in line with the methods in the standard of Ministry of Agriculture NY/T 1701- 2009 Straw Resources Investigation and Specifications of Technical Assessment with statistical data of 2013 Anhui Statistical Yearbook. The results show that: the amount of the main crop straw resources in Anhui Province has reached 44.8799 million tons per year theoretically, and its annual collectible amount has been 38.7884 million tons, with annual per capita resource of 72.88kg. Rice, wheat and corn stalk are the main crop straw resources in Anhui province, all of which accounts for 82.23% of the total amount of the main straw resources, and their annual collectible amount are 15.6786 million tons, 15.3943 million tons and 5.8298 million tons, respectively. In addition, the straw resources in northern Anhui province accounts for 49.75% of that in the whole province, with central Anhui 32.08% and southern Anhui 18.17%, which presents the trend of progressive decrease from the north to the south. On this basis, combined with the energy utilization of straw resources, utilization methods in Anhui province can be divided into the key development area (area A), moderate development area (B area) and restricted development area (area C).This paper also provides reference for development and energy utilization of straw resources in Anhui province.

  GHG Emission Reducition Estimation and Energy Environmental Benefits Analysis of Rural Household Biogas Project in Sichuan Province 2014, 30 (29):  229-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1977 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 551 ) In order to study greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and their energy environmental benefits generated by the use of rural household biogas in the impoverished rural areas in China, rural low- income household biogas project of Liang Shan Prefecture in Sichuan Province was researched, which involved 35656 households biogas digesters from 14 counties. GHG emission reduction of rural household biogas project was estimated by using methodologies of AMS-III.R and AMS-I.C of clean development mechanism (CDM), and its energy environmental benefits were analyzed. Results showed that with the use of rural household biogas digester, it could reduce GHG emission range from 1.8 t CO2 e to 2.5 t CO2 e for each household, and 72898.2 t CO2 e for the overall project annually. Meanwhile, it could bring direct savings of about 21600 t rawcoal and about 6.48 million yuan coal purchase costs annually, direct output of about 19,780,000 m3 biogas clean energy annually, direct reduction of SO2 emissions about 288440 kg, NOx emissions about 31320 kg, soot emissions about 15120 kg annually. It indicated that with the promotion of rural household biogas project, on the one hand, it could realize CH4 emission reduction from the pigs manure management practices and CO2 emission reduction from the use of renewable energy of biogas instead of raw coal; on the other hand, it could generate considerable energy and environmental benefits. In addition, using CDM methodologies to estimate GHG emission reduction can provide a quantitative basis and reference for monitoring, reporting, verification (MRV) of the GHG emissions of the agricultural sector.

  Climatic Changes and Its Mutation During the Past 50 Years in Hainan, Qinghai Province 2014, 30 (29):  234-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0184 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 769 ) In order to overall analyze the climatic change in the last 50 years and its future trends, provide scientific reference for both reasonably utilizing climatic resources and agricultural production, with lineartrend, Mann- Kendall analysis method, the author examined the climatic changes and the abrupt climate change during the past 50 years in Hainan, Qinghai Province, including observation data of air temperature, precipitation, and sunlight hours from 1961 to 2010 in this area. In the past 50 years, air temperature was increased obviously, especially in winters. Summer, winter and annual precipitation showed a trend of insignificant increase, while spring and autumn precipitation trend was not of significant decrease. Summer sunshine hours was significantly decreased, while annual and other seasons sunshine hours could not be seen as significantly increased or decreased, indicated that the reduction of summer sunshine hours was a major factor affecting annual sunshine hours. In 1990, there was a sudden increase of average annual air temperature, but annual precipitation and annual sunshine hours kept normal.

  Analysis of Climate Characteristics and Causes of Cold and Warm Winter Over Linyi City in Recent 51 Years 2014, 30 (29):  239-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0149 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 744KB )   ( 781 ) In order to grasp the climatic characteristics and causes of cold and warm winter over Linyi City, based on the 12 to 2 monthly average temperature data in Linyi from 1961 to 2011, using the statistical methods to climate diagnostic studies, the variation trend of winter mean temperature over Linyi during recent 51 years was analyzed, on this basis, according to the China national standard warm winter grade and referring to single station and regional warm winter grade standards, the grade of single station and regional cold winter were determined. On the basis of the division method for cold and warm winter, the author analyzed the climatic change events of 10 stations’cold and warm winter in Linyi from 1961 to 2011. The results showed that: the trend of average temperature in winter increased significantly over Linyi, especially more obvious since the 1990s. Both IWs and IWa showed a significant upward trend, there were 10 regional warm winter years over the 51 years with 3 strong warm winter, and mainly after the 1990s, the frequency of single cold winter was 47%-59% with 20%-31% of strong cold winters, and ICd showed a significant decreasing trend at a decadal rate of -17.7%. There were 27 regional cold winter years over the 51 years with 14 strong cold winters, and mainly before the 1980s, significantly reduced after 1990s. The main factors of cold and warm winter attributed to the greenhouse effect, the weaken east Asian winter monsoon, the strengthened subtropical high in the western Pacific, ESNO etc, one of the most important and direct reason depended on the intensity and frequency of cold air, strong and frequent cold air, it would be a cold winter, and weak and low frequency was prone to warm winter.

  Analysis of Characteristics and Circulation Background of First Spring Soaking Rain and Discussion on Its Influence Factors in Dalian 2014, 30 (29):  246-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0710 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 895KB )   ( 586 ) According to the precipitation data of the representative stations in Dalian during the period from 1957 to 2012, the authors analyzed the characteristics of first spring soaking rain. It is found that the characteristics of first spring soaking rain are obvious. There are 9 years’earlier soaking rain and 20 years’ later soaking rain. During the period from the late 1950s to the late 1960s and after 2000, the date of first spring soaking rain is earlier, while it is obviously later during the period from the early 1970s to the late 1990s. Analysis of the relation between the date of first spring soaking rain and spring precipitation is carried out to find the typical years, and then composition analysis of the circulation background of the typical years is conducted. When there is earlier first spring soaking rain and more spring precipitation, influenced by positive 500 hPa height anomaly field and anticyclonic circulation of the vapor flux anomaly field, there are more south airflow and vapor transportation over Dalian. In contrast, when there is later first spring soaking rain and less spring precipitation, influenced by negative 500 hPa height anomaly field and cyclonic circulation of the vapor flux anomaly field, there are more northwest airflow and less vapor transportation over Dalian. There is a negative correlation between the date of first spring soaking rain and SST anomaly of Japan Sea in early winter. Cooler earlier winter SST of Japan Sea could result in later first spring soaking rain, and vice versa.

  Climate Characteristic and Change of Extreme Temperature in Benxi City in Recent 59 Years 2014, 30 (29):  251-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0263 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 611 ) The study aims to analyze the variation characteristics of extreme weather events at the junction of China northeast plain and mountain under the background of global warming. Based on the homogeneous daily extreme maximum and extreme minimum temperature data in Benxi City, the climatic character and change of it’s extreme minimum temperature and extreme maximum temperature in 1955-2013 were analyzed by using the correlation coefficient method and contrast analysis method. The result showed that the extreme maximum temperature was 37.5℃in Benxi City, and extreme minimum temperature was -34.5℃。Its annual range of extreme temperature was large, with the highest of 70.6℃and the lowest of 51.6℃. The annual extreme maximum temperature occurred in May, June, July, August and September, and mostly in August, the annual extreme minimum temperature occurred in December, January and February. The daily lowest temperature occurred at 4:00-7:00, and the daily highest temperature occurred at 14:00-16:00. Overall, Benxi City was warming, the extreme maximum temperature had no obvious change and the extreme minimum temperature showed an upward trend, annual temperature range was the narrowing, but the change was not significant.

  The Variation Characteristics of Evaporation Capacity and Influencing Factors in Weifang 2014, 30 (29):  256-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0549 Abstract + ( 694 )   PDF ( 770KB )   ( 628 ) In order to study the effect of varying evaporation in Weifang on the ecological environment management and rational utilization of water resources, with the data of evaporating pan as well as other meteorological observations, the author analyzed the climatic feature of evaporation and influence factors from 1961 to 2010 in Weifang by methods of linear tendency estimation and correlation coefficient. The results indicated that: the annual and seasonal evaporation showed an obvious decreasing trend in recent 50 years in Weifang. Evaporation dropped most quickly in spring, next in summer, smallest in winter. The mutation of the evaporation capacity happened in 1981, and obviously decreased afterwards. The annual evaporation capacity in Weifang was positively correlated with sunshine hours and average wind speed, which were the major reasons of the evaporation reduction in Weifang.

  Diagnostic Analysis of A Disastered Snow in Early Spring in Weifang 2014, 30 (29):  261-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0237 Abstract + ( 740 )   PDF ( 3387KB )   ( 518 ) In order to find out the spring blizzard weather forecast point in Weifang, improve the forecast accuracy and provide a more accurate high quality weather forecast service for local disaster prevention and mitigation work, based on all kinds of conventional data, NCEP reanalysis data and satellite data, the author analyzed comprehensively a blizzard fatality in early spring in Weifang. Results showed that heavy snowfall happened in the deep moist air flows and the thick wet layer; there were multiple upward movement centers, correspond to the activities of the mesoscale convective cloud in the large-scale ascending motion area; this was a convection snowfall. Middle troposphere was a temperature inversion or a small temperature decline rate one. The convective instability energy mainly concentrated in the bottom of the troposphere; satellite cloud image could well reflect the cause the movement and the development of small and medium scale system of the blizzard.

  Analysis on Statistical Characteristics of Thunderstorm in Zhangjiakou 2014, 30 (29):  267-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0897 Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 732KB )   ( 893 ) In order to understand the climatic characteristics of thunderstorm in Zhangjiakou region and provide scientific basis for the risk assessment and reduction of thunder and lightning disaster, the thunderstorm bservation data from the 14 ground meteorological stations in Zhangjiakou region in 54 years from 1960 to 2013 were statistically analyzed by mathematical statistics, linear fitting, climate trend rate method and so on. The results showed that: most of the counties in this region were in the moderate thunderstorm range, and Yuxian, Huai'an, and Shangyi county, thunderstorm days were more than 40 days, achieved multi-thunderstorm level. The average annual thunderstorm days in most years were between 30.0 and 40.0 days. They were up to the most of 54.4 days in 1990 and down to the least of 28.9 days in 1972. Decadal variations presented the characteristics of reducing-increasing-reducing again. There was an obvious seasonal thunderstorm, most in summer, no in winter. The monthly thunderstorm day in Zhangjiakou region presented a parabolic unimodal change, its peak value appeared in July. The monthly average thunderstorm days of Bashang area were more than that of Baxia area from June to October. Month with most thunderstorm day was July in 14 observation stations in 54 years. Thunderstorms occurred more during the day than at night, and mainly occurred from 13:00 to 16:00 in Bashang area and from 14 to 18:00 in Baxia area. Most thunderstorms maintained for more than 60 minutes in Bashang area and less than 30 minutes in Baxia area. Both the earliest and the latest day of thunderstorm of Bashang area occurred were ahead of that of Baxia, and there was little difference on the average conditions of beginning and ending of thunderstorms and their duration between the two areas.

  Numerical Simulation of Offshore Gales over the Bohai and the Yellow Sea 2014, 30 (29):  273-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0245 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 2823KB )   ( 435 ) Offshore gale over the Bohai and the Yellow Sea was caused by frontal passage on Feb. 13, 2009. WRF Model was employed to simulate the gale to investigate the mechanism and distributional characteristics of physical factors. Evolution and intensity of weather systems in upper-level, middle-level and lower-level for this frontal gale were well simulated by the model, which successfully reproduced the main traits of circulations and controlling synoptic system over the Bohai and the Yellow Sea. The gale was mainly caused by cold front of wind cooling process, with invading cold air and growing surface pressure gradient force, during which wind speed increased as well. This was a reflection of the warm and cold air baroclinicity and wind speed enhanced by the surface baroclinicity. Simulation of physical factors indicated that surface wind speed could increase when upward motion turns to downward motion over observation station and the speed was proportional to the intensity of downward motion. Temperature and relative humidity distribution was a reflection of weather systems development when cold front passed by.

  The Evaluation of Maize Agro-meteorological Hazard Based on RS Technology in Sand-meadow Ecotone:A Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner 2014, 30 (29):  280-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0213 Abstract + ( 768 )   To evaluate the effect of agro-meteorological hazard to the maize yield in sand-meadow ecotone in 2013 after the disaster, the author tested the yield in Horqin Left Back Banner, combined the methods of remote sensing and ecological classification, gave priority to remote sensing image data, which was complemented by the ground testing data to attain the area of crops that damaged, and carried out the disaster assessment in Horqin Left Back Banner. The results showed that in every township of Horqin Left Back Banner agricultural districts, the order of maize yield degree affected by meteorological disasters was: Shuangsheng Town>Jinbaotun Town>Charisu Town, their totally lost area were 669.87 hm2, 55.23 hm2 and 6.77 hm2 respectively. The reduction of maize yield was mainly affected by meteorological disasters, but also by soil type, maize growth period, topography and other factors. Using the characteristic of the maize growth vigor reduction which showed that spectral responses characteristic difference, make it possible to estimate the area of maize suffered from disaster of different degrees, which played a very important role for agricultural remote sensing yield estimation.

  The Research on Solar Estimation Method in Qaidam Basin Based on Remote Sensing and GIS 2014, 30 (29):  287-293.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0433 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 2008KB )   ( 603 ) In order to know the solar energy resources scientifically and the relationship between the ground measured meteorological data and satellite data, using remote sensing and GIS technology, the author analyzed the solar resource in Qaidam Basin which was the most abundant area in Qinghai. The study contrasted the satellite data with observations data which based on infrared and visible light, then checked the model. The results showed that the inversion of remote sensing data and the variation of measured value were consistent, the correlation coefficient surpassed 90% . To calculate the total radiation by using the geostationary meteorological satellite FY2C data, it not only solved the problem which the climate model could not do, but also improved the spatial accuracy of quantitative research on total radiation.

  Estimation of the Mid-season Rice Areas Based on HJ-1A/B Satellite Image and Measured Spectral Data 2014, 30 (29):  294-300.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1593 Abstract + ( 566 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 564 ) Aim at getting the accurate rice planting area and improving the precision of remote sensing monitoring, based on the HJ-1A/B satellite data and crops mask and combined with the measured spectral data, this paper determined the end-members and used linear spectral mixture model (LSMM) for Spectral Unmixing, and obtained the abundance image of mid-season rice and RMS error image in Jianli. After evaluating the mid- season rice planting areas, the result was compared with agricultural statistics and survey data. According to the total accuracy evaluation method, the classification accuracy of rice planting areas reached 93.68%, and according to the sampling accuracy evaluation method, the classification accuracy of rice planting areas reached 83.67%. The results indicated that: the method to determine the end-member selection was feasible, it could be applied to monitor paddy rice information in the plains with HJ-1A/B satellite data and provide information services for the government.

  Analysis of Volatility Characteristics of the Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Index 2014, 30 (29):  301-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0136 Abstract + ( 663 )   This paper analyzes the volatility of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery index with reference to the Shanghai Composite Index, and then makes a study on the influencing factors of the stock market’s abnormal fluctuation and the characteristics of abnormal fluctuation. The results show that the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery index has the characteristics of abnormal fluctuation. However, the chance for the index to rise and drop sharply is less, the market is more sensitive to the fluctuation and its long memory characteristic is not so significant, and investors’response to good market news is stronger. The agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery index presents a situation that its volatility is more moderate compared with the whole China’s stock market. Therefore, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions in the index’s further good development.

  Develop an Agricultural Data Service System for Zengcheng City in Guangdong Province 2014, 30 (29):  306-313.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0248 Abstract + ( 577 )   PDF ( 2974KB )   ( 424 ) As the development of national agricultural information construction, the demand of farmers for agricultural information is increasing. Thus, it is an urgent need to develop an agricultural service system, which can supply all the information that farmers need. Take Zengcheng City as a research area, the study developed a synthesized agricultural information service system to satisfy the demand of farmers during the whole agricultural production. The system based on Web GIS technology and B/S structure. It can display, query and analysis meteorological data, soil data, water resources data, crop growth vigor data, agricultural service institution data, etc. The study provides an idea for developing a similar system.

  Research on Evaluation of Agriculture E-commerce Website Based on BP Neural Network 2014, 30 (29):  314-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0251 Abstract + ( 624 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 496 ) The author put forward an index system for evaluating agricultural e-commerce websites. In the study, a BP neural network evaluation mode was established, and by training and testing data with the BP neural network, the index system was verified. According to analysis of the results, the evaluation mode based on BP neural network is feasible for evaluating the agricultural e- commerce websites and has important reference value for web building.