Abstract: Straw resource statistics is the precondition of its comprehensive utilization. Taking Anhui province as an example, this paper carries out statistical analysis and evaluation of energy utilization in line with the methods in the standard of Ministry of Agriculture NY/T 1701- 2009 Straw Resources Investigation and Specifications of Technical Assessment with statistical data of 2013 Anhui Statistical Yearbook. The results show that: the amount of the main crop straw resources in Anhui Province has reached 44.8799 million tons per year theoretically, and its annual collectible amount has been 38.7884 million tons, with annual per capita resource of 72.88kg. Rice, wheat and corn stalk are the main crop straw resources in Anhui province, all of which accounts for 82.23% of the total amount of the main straw resources, and their annual collectible amount are 15.6786 million tons, 15.3943 million tons and 5.8298 million tons, respectively. In addition, the straw resources in northern Anhui province accounts for 49.75% of that in the whole province, with central Anhui 32.08% and southern Anhui 18.17%, which presents the trend of progressive decrease from the north to the south. On this basis, combined with the energy utilization of straw resources, utilization methods in Anhui province can be divided into the key development area (area A), moderate development area (B area) and restricted development area (area C).This paper also provides reference for development and energy utilization of straw resources in Anhui province.