Abstract: By using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, the agricultural production efficiency, which includes pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and comprehensive efficiency, of 108 counties of Henan province from 2001 to 2010 were calculated. The temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural production efficiency of each county were analyzed. The number of counties which have full pure technical efficiency has increased, and the average pure technical efficiency of Henan province has obviously increased. The scale efficiency of most counties has reached to a better level, and there is still room to grow, the average scale efficiency of the whole province has declined. The comprehensive efficiency of agricultural production in Henan province is basically stable. However, the changes of comprehensive efficiency varied greatly in each county. These results suggested that the input on the agricultural technique in Henan province has significantly increased from 2001 to 2010. It indicates that the government of Henan province effectively remedies the inefficiency of lower level agriculture production in the past, while the comprehensive efficiency of counties in Henan Province still has large space for improvement.