Abstract: To explore the caloric value of different crop organs, so as to provide the theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of light energy and planting structure adjustment as well as regulation of agronomic measure. This study collected 23 crop seeds or tuberous root and 5 crop organs in Shandong, and the caloric value was measured using oxygen bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the crop seeds or tuberous root caloric value ranged from 16357.72 to 29513.69 J/g; the caloric value of sesame of oil crop reach 29513.69 J/g, it was 1.8 times the caloric value of the lotus root (tuberous root) of aquatic crop. The caloric value of different types of crop seeds was observed as: oil crop＞legume crop ＞cereal crop＞aquatic crop; but the caloric value of lotus root tuberous root of aquatic crop was lower than that of the potato Tania root of terrestrial plants. The caloric value of crop organs difference within crops decreased in the following order: seeds (20005.80 J/g) ＞leaves (17452.77 J/g) ＞stem (16911.04 J/g); the seeds and stem of peanut had the highest caloric value, the leaves of sweet potato had the highest caloric value. Different crop species and types had obviously different caloric value of the crop seeds or tuberous root. The caloric value of the different crop organs also differed significantly within the same crop species, so did the same crop organs within the different crop species.