Abstract: The aim of the study was to provide a method for reasonable fertilization and soil fertility improvement of paddy rice, by studying and analyzing the paddy soil nutrient status and its causes of change. 35000 samples of plough layer of paddy soil in Nanping City were collected to test and analyze the main nutrient content and soil pH, according to soil testing formula fertilization technical specification provided by the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that the average content of soil organic matter was 32.7 g/kg, nearly reaching the abundant levels; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was 162 mg/kg on average, belonging to a moderate to rich level; the available phosphorus content was 17.1 mg/kg on average, reaching the medium level; the average content of available K was 71 mg/kg, belonging to the lower level; the soil pH was 5.0 on average, belonging to acid soil. Compared with the data of the second soil census, the increasing ratio of the soil organic matter, the alkali-hydro nitrogen and the available phosphorus were 1.24%, 9.10% and 35.71%, respectively, but available K content was decreased by 24.63%; the soil pH value was decreased by 0.2 units. In Nanping City, soil fertility improvement measures for paddy soil should be continued and the fertilization for paddy rice is to control application of N and P fertilizer and increase application of K fertilizer.