Abstract: In order to solve the problem of long-term preservation of Alpinia officinarum Hance seeds, the mature seeds of Alpinia officinarum Hance were used as materials, to study the effect of moisture content and vitrification on their vigor, as well as the effect of rapid freezing and vitrification freezing method for seeds cryopreservation. The results showed that: (1) when the seed moisture content was in the range of 10.77%-27.25%, the viability still remained at more than 60%, however, when the seed moisture content decreased from 10.77% to 7.86%, the viability dropped to below 40%; (2) seed vigor after vitrification treatment was lower than that without vitrification treatment; (3) after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen, the seed vigor dropped to below 50% or even 0% when the seed moisture content was in the range of 21.10%-27.25%; the seed vigor remained at more than 60% when the seed moisture content was in the range of 10.77%-15.61%; furthermore, the seed vigor was the highest when the moisture content was 13.58%; finally, the seed vigor of vitrification freezing (72.67%) was higher than that of rapid freezing (65.81%). The results demonstrated the feasibility of cryopreservation for long-term storage of seeds of Alpinia officinarum Hance.