Abstract: The study aims to guide agricultural production practices in the middle reaches of the Nujiang Basin, improve production efficiency, cut the cost of fertilizer inputs and to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by water pollution. Through nutritive element content determination and statistical analysis of 110 soil samples from Gongshan, Fugong, Lushui of midstream of Nujiang Basin, the authors analyzed and evaluated soil pH conditions and fertility indicators in the three counties. The results showed that: pH of 110 soil samples ranged between 5.5 and 7.5, with an average of 6.5 and coefficient of variation of 7.47%. Most soil appears neutral, some soil was acidity and weak acid, not conducive to the growth of crops and could reduce the utilization rate of fertilizer; some soil was weakly alkaline, which could increase ammonia volatile to reduce nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Alkaline soil could reduce the absorption ratio of nutritive elements in the soil,therefore alkaline pH regulator was recommended to improve soil pH, made it suitable for agricultural samples was 6.0 g/kg to 34.0 g/kg, with an average of 18.20 g/kg and coefficient of variation of 38.81%. The overall content of soil organic matter was low, and needed more organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter content. Soil TN content was between 0.31 g/kg and 1.70 g/kg, the average content was 1.24 g/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 26.71%. Soil TN content was at medium level, soil with lower total nitrogen needed more nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil nitrogen supply ability. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was between 11.6 mg/kg and 128.6 mg/kg, with an average of 81.8 mg/kg and coefficient of variation of 29.79%. Soil available phosphorus content was between 0.1 mg/kg and 36.2 mg/kg, with an average of 15.4 mg / kg and coefficient of variation of 60.69%. Soil available phosphorus content variation was considerable, soil of phosphorus deficiency needed more phosphorus fertilizer to improve the soil fertility. Soil available potassium content ranged between 19.3 mg/kg and 110.0 mg/kg, with an average of 62.8 mg/kg and the coefficient of variation of only 33.98%. Most soil needed potassium fertilizer to improve soil potassium content and increase crop yield and quality. Therefore, the authors suggested that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should go along with the control and regulation of soil pH to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and cultivating land according to local condition by application of organic and potash fertilizer.