Abstract: Northeast China plays a strategic role in safeguarding national grain security, so it is necessary to research the impact factors and growth approach of the region’s grain production. Taking Dehui City as a case, the paper analyzed the change characteristics of the amount of grain planting area, labor of grain planting, amounts of chemical fertilizer application and the total power of agricultural machinery, and measured the relationship and the impact extent between the above four factors and the grain yield with C-D production function. The results showed that, the amounts of chemical fertilizer and total power of agricultural machinery were the two significant impact factors on the change of grain yield, and when the amount of the above two indicators rise 1%, the amount of grain yield raised 0.4944% and 0.3113%, respectively. Finally, the paper provided approaches and countermeasures on grain yield growth from four aspects, i.e. the application amount and methods of chemical fertilizers, total power of agricultural machinery, water-land conservation and grain policy.