Abstract: To study the effects of different cultivations on temporal and spatial distribution of root and water use of dry-land winter wheat, field experiment was conducted in Changwu with different cultivation modes, including film mulching, organic fertilizer, sparse seeding and topdressing nitrogen at elongation stage, to illustrate the root and water consuming characteristics of dry-land wheat. With the analysis of field and water use efficiency at maturity, findings are as follows: film mulching and organic fertilizer benefit the soil water content obviously, thus useful for root weight in each layer, the depth below 60 cm at flowering stage in particular, the root weight in total and water consumption were increased as a result; film mulching and organic fertilizer used at the same time did not help the root weight increase further, however both the yield and water use efficiency had been increased more than 4%; winter wheat with film mulching regulated the root system better, root weight increased with half seedling and yield was influenced less; nitrogen application at elongation stage could increase the root weight in depth, delayed the water consumption period of dry-land wheat, what was more, highest yield 7.0 t/hm2 was received with organic fertilizer among all cultivation modes; different wheat cultivars showed different root development and yield with different cultivation modes. All the results suggest that appropriate cultivation modes could be available ways to increase the yield and water use efficiency for dry-land farming in semi-arid region.