Abstract: To identify the effects of ecological environment on leaf plastid pigments of tobacco, the same tobacco variety (Nicotiana tabacum‘Yunyan87’) was chosen to plant in Xiangyang and Shennongjia, two typical different ecological regions of Hubei Province. The ultra structure and the plastid pigment contents were compared as well as the expression of several key genes related to plastid pigment metabolism in ‘Yunyan87’at different development stages. Results showed that the thylakoid lamella of chloroplast were more in Xiangyang than in Shennongjia at the earlier development stages. While at the later stages, the thylakoid lamella was degraded more completely in Xiangyang. The analysis of gene expression displayed that the expression of the genes related to chloroplast degradation was higher in Shennongjia at the earlier leaf development stages. While the expression of the genes related to chloroplast biosynthesis was higher in Xiangyang at the later stages. Meanwhile, the genes related to carotenoid degradation expressed more active in Xiangyang during the whole developing stages. On the contrary, the genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis showed higher expression levels in Xiangyang than in Shennongjia before the 55th day. The analysis of the plastid pigment contents indicated that the contents of chlorophyll of‘Yunyan87’were more in Xiangyang, but the contents of total carotenoids were the opposite. And the difference decreased gradually in the late stages. After being cured, the contents of carotenoids were more in Shennongjia. And the degradation products contents of carotenoids displayed a higher level in Xiangyang. While as for the neophytadiene, the opposite was the case. These results might be the main reasons why the‘Yunyan 87’in Xiangyang and Shennongjia showed different aroma styles and provide the theoretical basis and research ideas on analysis of the formation mechanism of the characteristic tobacco.