Abstract: In order to clarify the effect of different tillage methods on heavy metal content in different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, four types of soil with different previous crops as vegetable-herb, rice-no tillage, riceconventional tillage and dry land (with other crops) were studied to explore characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) accumulation in soil- Ligusticum chuanxiong system and the pollution status. Three evaluation methods, including Nemerow index (P) method, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) method and enrichment factor (EF) method, were adopted in the study. The results showed that the current situation of soil was out of danger by Pb but in danger by Cd in varying degrees. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were significantly different in vegetable-herb planting pattern than in the other three planting patterns, and contents of Pb had a decreasing tendency with the increase of soil pH value. The content of Pb in the four planting patterns showed an order as vegetable-herb ＞ rice-no tillage ＞ rice-conventional tillage ＞ dry land. Contents of Cd in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes and leaves were up to the standard of WM/T 2-2004 (except in vegetable-herb pattern), showed an order as vegetable-herb ＞ rice-no tillage ＞ rice-conventional tillage ＞ dry land. Contents of Pb exceed the standard with average concentration of 6.16 mg/kg in rhizomes and 8.63 mg/kg in leaves, and increased with the rise of soil pH value. Among different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, the leaves had a higher enrichment capacity of Cd and Pb than the rhizomes, the herb has a higher enrichment capacity of Cd than Pb, too.