Abstract: From the perspective of rainstorm temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, the research used NCEP conventional meteorological data 1957- 2009, combined with weather dynamics and statistics methods, to analyze and study the weather and climate of rainstorm in Shanxi. The results showed that: (1) from climatology, the east of Zhongtiao Mountain was the extremum center of rainstorm in Shanxi, the strength of extreme precipitation center could reach 94 mm. The place of most frequent rainstorm occurrence was in the south of Taihang Mountain, extending to the southeastern Shanxi Area and southern Shanxi area at the east of Zhongtiao Mountain. Another rainstorm frequently occurred place was near the Mount Wutai in Shanxi, showing the enhanced effect of the special terrain of Shanxi on rainstorm. (2) For more than 50 years, rainstorm frequency in Shanxi had decadal variations, from 1957 to 1982, there was more frequency of rainstorms in Shanxi, while from 1983 to 2002, there were fewer rainstorms; after 2003, frequency of rainstorms in Shanxi had been in the increasing stage; (3) the warm air mass for formation of rainstorm in Shanxi was probably the extending of south Asian monsoon to northward, on rainstorm day and 320K isentropic surface, forming a high potential vorticity center in the vicinity of Shanxi, and interacting with the warm moist air from low latitude and resulting in rainstorm in Shanxi.