Abstract: There were twelve kinds of plants named as “Ginger” or related to ginger in Chinese historical literature, which made it confused when analyzing the features and taxonomy of the plants of ginger. Analysis using the method of plant taxonomy and comparative morphology was carried out on the plants of “Ginger” and those related to it in the historical documents. The comparison showed that Zingiber officinale Roscoe was the scientific name of the original plants of “Ginger”. At the same time, the other eight plants related to ginger were made clear. The study was the first such kind of case analysis on the original plants of the ginger and its corresponding plants described in the Chinese historical literatures. The results showed that the understanding on the features of the plants of ginger was clear and explicit though there was no integrated natural taxonomic system established in the past. At the same time, the study found that the method of vegetative propagation had been mastered in the planting of ginger in the period of the Northern Wei about 1600 years ago.