Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.4 Published:20 March 2015

  Evaluation on Suitability of Tree Species and Ecological Effect of Coastal Protective Forests in Shanghai Zhang Jianfeng,Zhang Deshun,Chen Guangcai and Wu Hao 2015, 31 (4):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2114 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 683KB )   ( 530 ) This research focused on adaptability and ecological benefits of coastal protective forests in Shanghai. The coastal protective forests growing at Haiwan Forest Park and Jinshan Chemical Industry Park in Shanghai were chosen as the research objects. By building an AHP model of evaluation index system, the suitability of tree species for protective forest establishment and their ecological effect were studied. The results showed that coastal protective forest could decrease soil salinity as well as enhance soil improvement through increasing organic matter content. Moreover with forests growing, the air negative ions also increased and atmosphere temperature and humidity were improved, which means that coastal protective forests have an obvious effect on improving the environment.

  Allelopathic Effect of Pinus tabulaeformis Rhizosphere Soil in Loess Hilly Area Wang Xian,Wei Tianxing,Zhu Jinzhao,Zhao Xingkai and Liu Haiyan 2015, 31 (4):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2423 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 527 ) The research aimed to provide a scientific basis of arbor-shrub-herb compound vegetation construction in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr forest through studying the potential allelopathic effect of Pinus tabulaeformis rhizosphere soil. The potential allelopathic effects of Pinus tabulaeformis rhizosphere soil on germination and growth were investigated with 7 plants (Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia Linn., Platycladus orientalis, Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Spiraea salicifolia L., Agropyron cristatum Gaertn, Medicago sativa L.), and with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 mg/mL). The results showed that: Pinus tabulaeformis rhizosphere soil aqueous extract inhibited the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn, Medicago sativa L., and stimulated the growth of Platycladus orientalis at each study concentrations. Low concentration of Pinus tabulaeformis rhizosphere soil aqueous extract promoted effect on Pinus tabulaeformis, Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Agropyron cristatum Gaertn and Spiraea salicifolia L. At high aqueous extract, the stimulating effects changed into inhibited. As a result, when arbor-shrub-herb compound vegetation in pine forest is constructed, people should give priority to Platycladus orientalis, carefully choose Robinia pseudoacacia Linn and Medicago sativa L.. When people choose Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Spiraea salicifolia L. and Agropyron cristatum Gaertn, pine forest intermediate cutting and intercropping density should be noted.

  Study on Seedling Selection of Introduced Pinus caribaea Provenances and Families Han Chao,Xu Jianmin,Tang Hongyan,Zhang Jianzhu,Su Jiamin,Li Fuxia,Zhang Chaoyu,Wu Shijun and Li Guangyou 2015, 31 (4):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1693 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 478KB )   ( 544 ) In order to find the superior family in seedling stage and to study growth superiority of the fine family, 92 families within 9 provenances of P. caribaea introduced from abroad were investigated in the seedling stage. Germination, seedling height, ground diameter and height-to-diameter ratio were measured. The results showed that factors of family and provenance had significant effect on seedling height, ground diameter and height-diameter ratio, but had no significant effect on germination. The weather of introduced area and plantation site tended to be identical. According to the result of cluster analysis, the best families were family C65 and C96, the better families were family C2, C40, C41, C93 and C97.

  Influence of Transplantation and Light Conditions on the Growth and Quality of 2015, 31 (4):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1772 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 541KB )   ( 439 ) In order to scientifically cultivate large container seedlings of Phoebe bournei, field tests of large container seedling transplanting method and light condition were conducted in Shaxian County of Fujian. The results showed that: adopting 1-year-old US-sik bagging transplant method could improve the seedling rate; US-sik bagging seedling transplantation method, cutting root in the air treatment and transplantation with fertilizer could significantly improve large container seedling height, diameter, whole biomass, above and below ground biomass, root shoot ratio and quality index. Light conditions had a more significant impact on seedlings height, diameter, whole biomass, above-ground and below-ground biomass and quality index of large container seedling of P. bournei., but had no significant impact on root shoot ratio, the optimum lighting condition was 50% full sunlight. Adopting cultivation measures like US-sik bagging seedling transplantation method, cutting root in the air treatment and transplantation with fertilizer, and 50% full sunlight could improve the effectiveness of large container seedling cultivation of P. bournei.

  Research on Seed Characteristics of Ligustrum lucidum Ait from Different Provenances Chen Hao,Zhu Yanlin,Wang Nian,Ma Yongtao,Luo Xiaoya and Su Jinle 2015, 31 (4):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2416 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 593KB )   ( 483 ) The study aims to get the information about seeds of Ligustrum lucidum Ait from different provenances and provide a theoretical basis for the selective improved variety. The author determined the seed characteristics of 14 provenances of Ligustrum lucidum Ait, and the results were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the seeds from different provenances were different greatly in phenotypic traits or quality indicators. The seeds of Chengdu had the highest percentage of germination, which reached 83.67%. Seeds of Nanchang had the lowest, only 20.33%. The thousand seed weight of Guilin reached the maximum of 34.85 g, while the smallest was seeds of Chengdu, only 21.57 g. What’ s more, there was a negative correlation between germination percent, germination potential and the longitude and annual precipitation of provenances. In addition, it showed a negative correlation of dry weight, width of seeds and annual average relative humidity, a negative correlation between seeds width and latitude as well, while a positive correlation between seed length and annual average sunshine duration. And on this basis, this paper divided provenances into 3 groups reliminarily with cluster analysis.

  Study on Fruit Growth Regularity and Lipid Accumulation of Lindera glauca Qi Ji,Xiong Biao,Ju Yuxi,Hao Qunzhang and Zhang Zhixiang 2015, 31 (4):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2484 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 623KB )   ( 702 ) In order to reveal the dynamics of fruit growth and lipid accumulation regularity of Lindera glauca Blume, the quantitative character, lipid content and fatty acid composition of fruit were analyzed. The results showed that vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit, fresh weight of one hundred fruit and volume increased rapidly from fruit setting to the middle of June, which was relatively intensive fruit enlargement period. The fruit growth curves of vertical and horizontal diameter were fairly similar to‘S’model, whose coefficient of determination was more than 0.95 and statistical test of regression equation reached a highly significant level (P<0.001). Lipid accumulated mainly from late June to early September, during which time oil growth reached 73.23% of the total oil content of fresh fruit. In the process of growth and development, although the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid declined and that of saturated fatty acid increased, the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid was always higher than that of saturated fatty acid. Overall oleic acid was on a rising trend, and there was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid as well as stearic acid (P≤0.05), whose correlation coefficients were -0.801 and -0.843, respectively. In addition, certain amount of capric acid and lauric acid, which were widely used in industry, were detected in fruit oil of Lindera glauca.

  Germination Characteristic and Endogenous ABA, IAA Content Change with HPLC in the Seed of Hedysarum laeve Maxim During Stratifying, Shelling Niu Yajie,Yuan Jinfeng,Chen Hongxian,Dong Qianqian,Fan Yali,Wang Xiaofeng and Liu Zhonghua 2015, 31 (4):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2545 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 778KB )   ( 435 ) In order to determine the internal factors inhibited seed germination of Hedysarum laeve Maxim, the moisture, absorbent law, seed germination characteristics, endogenous ABA and IAA content of shelled or pods under cold stratification were studied. The results showed that the moisture of seeds with pods was 9.16%, while the shelled was 8.92%; the soaking process all included sharp soaking, stable soaking and saturated soaking stages. The maximum water absorption rate of the shelled reached 0.7475 g/h, which was 4.79 times of the pods, and the shelled spent about half time reaching saturated soaking stages compared with the pods. The shelled germination rate and germination index could attain 81.67% and 33.27, which were 8.167 and 38.39 times contrasted with the control group, pods with 60-day cold stratification was following, which reached 46.67% and 4.19; the inhibitor ABA content of CK was relatively the highest, reaching 7921.12 ng/mL, ABA content after 80-day cold stratification could drop down to 4590.85 ng/mL. If the germination percentage, germination index, endogenous ABA content and IAA/ABA ratio were all considered, it is suggested that the optimum condition to improve seed germination characteristics for Hedysarum laeve Maxim should be shelled to improve their water absorption or the pods treated by cold stratification at 4℃, 60-day.

  Comparison of Callus Induction, Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Different Clones of Hevea brasiliensis Anther,,,,,, and 2015, 31 (4):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1970 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 660KB )   ( 600 ) In order to optimize the somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system of anther and provide a molecular breeding protocol for Hevea brasiliensis, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were compared under the same condition using anthers from six clones ‘Yunyan 73-477’, ‘Yunyan 73-46’, ‘Reyan 8-79’, ‘Yunyan 77-4’, ‘RRII105’ and ‘Reken 525’ of H. brasiliensis. The results indicated that the anthers from six clones were all able to dedifferentiate into callus tissues. But there were significant differences among different clones, ‘RRII105’ and ‘Reken 525’ showed the highest callus induction rates of 93.33% and 90.33%, respectively. The lowest differentiation rate was 31.33%, which was found in ‘Yunyan 77-4’. The somatic embryogenesis of different clones was significantly different, the highest differentiation rate was 76% which was found in ‘Yunyan 73-477’, and the clones of ‘Yunyan 73-46’ had no somatic embryo. ‘Reken 525’ and ‘Yunyan 73-477’ showed high plant regeneration rates of 75.38% and 54.35%, respectively, the clones of ‘Yunyan 73-46’ and ‘Yunyan 77-4’ had no regeneration plant.

  Influence of Topdressing Different Concentrations of Zinc on Tobacco Leaves Absorption of As, Pb, Cd Zhao Ajuan,Yang Hongqi,Liu Bin,Duan Meizhen,Li Xiaozhong and Tang Ruoyun 2015, 31 (4):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2301 Abstract + ( 673 )   PDF ( 484KB )   ( 399 ) In order to explore effective ways to inhibit absorption of soil heavy metals in flue-cured tobacco growing period in the field, field experiment of topdressing different concentrations of zinc sulfate was carried out in tobacco fields of the dry red soil. The results showed that topdressing of different concentrations of zinc sulfate had very small effect on tobacco leaves absorption of arsenic and lead, but exhibited obviously inhibition on tobacco leaves absorption of cadmium, topdressing zinc sulfate concentration more than 6 g/L could reduce cadmium content by 50% in upper tobacco leaves and by 40% in middle and lower tobacco leaves. If topdressing zinc sulfate concentration was more than 12 g/L, the zinc content of tobacco leaves might increase greatly and led to zinc poisoning as well as serious impact on growth of tobacco plant.

  The Characteristics and Relationship Between Magnesium Content in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Exchangeable Magnesium Content in Soil in Longnan Wang Yani,Liang Hongbo,Wang Shusheng,Lin Qi,Chen Aiguo,Yang Shuxun,Xia Wei,Qiao Wanpeng,Rong Xianglin and Xu Xuguang 2015, 31 (4):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2477 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 640KB )   ( 485 ) In order to understand the content of exchangeable Mg in soil and Mg in flue-cured tobacco leaves, the soil and tobacco samples were collected and studied by point to point approach in Longnan. The results showed that: the moderate exchangeable Mg in soil was reached to 72.4%, the abundant content was reached to 27.6%, the overall content ranged from moderate to abundant, and the exchangeable Mg content increased gradually from northwest and southeast to the middle. Despite the exchangeable Mg in soil was rich, Mg in tobacco leaves was insufficient, of all the tobacco leave samples, 2.74% of the samples lacked Mg significantly, 83.56% of them lacked Mg slightly, and only 13.70% of them had suitable Mg content, so the overall content was comparatively low. The Mg in tobacco leaves was significantly positive correlated to exchangeable Mg and organic matter, and was extremely significantly negative correlated to the ratio of exchangeable Ca to Mg. The higher ratio of exchangeable Ca to Mg, and the antagonism between exchangeable Ca and Mg might be an important reason of low Mg content in leaves. To balance fertilization, coordinate the ratio of exchangeable Ca and Mg, increase the application amount of organic fertilizer appropriately and have top dressing of Mg fertilizer are important ways to improve the Mg content in flue-cured tobacco leaves in Longnan.

  The Research of Organic Fertilizer Amount of Leafy Vegetables and Bitter Gourd Based on the Application of Inorganic Fertilizer Wang Rongping,Liao Xinrong,Li Shuyi,Zhan Zhenshou,Ding Xiaodong,Liang Jiawei, and Shu Zhiqiang 2015, 31 (4):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1853 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 394 ) The problem of irrationally proportion in combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on vegetable crops still exists currently. In order to obtain a reasonable application of organic fertilizers on vegetable production, the author carried out field trials on leafy vegetables such as cabbage and bitter gourd, investigated different amounts of organic fertilizer on yield and quality of leafy vegetables and bitter gourd, etc., and got the suitable amount of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application on 2 kinds of vegetables and conducted verification. The results showed that: (1) for combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on leafy vegetables, the suitable fertilizer amount was 50 kg/667 m2 per stubble, under which higher yields and better quality could be obtained, and 100 kg/667 m2 per stubble could result in particularly high yield of leafy vegetables; (2) when combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was conducted on bitter gourd, yield of ordinary level could be achieved with commercial organic fertilizer of about 300 kg/667 m2, particularly high yield could be achieved with 500 kg/667 m2 and suitable organic manure application amount was about 750 kg/667 m2.

  Determination of Taro Pollen Viability and Choice of the Best Storage Method Sun Yalin,Ke Weidong,Huang Xinfang,Dong Hongxia,Zhang Longhui and He Yanhong 2015, 31 (4):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2125 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 666 ) The methods to test pollen viability and to store the pollen of taro were studied in order to ensure taro crossbreeding experiment. The results showed that both stigma dilution culture method and medium culture method could be used to test the pollen viability of taro, and the best medium of pollen germination was 10 mg/L boric acid 0.01% calcium chloride anhydrous 5% sucrose. Taro pollen had short life, but different varieties of taro had different pollen lifetimes. Pollen could be stored longer in the 15% air humidity and -20℃ under drying.

  Research on the Original Plants of “Ginger” and Its Corresponding Plants Liu Haiming,Xia Xiaofei,Han Dong,Wang Lingling and Li Yameng 2015, 31 (4):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1786 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 787 ) There were twelve kinds of plants named as “Ginger” or related to ginger in Chinese historical literature, which made it confused when analyzing the features and taxonomy of the plants of ginger. Analysis using the method of plant taxonomy and comparative morphology was carried out on the plants of “Ginger” and those related to it in the historical documents. The comparison showed that Zingiber officinale Roscoe was the scientific name of the original plants of “Ginger”. At the same time, the other eight plants related to ginger were made clear. The study was the first such kind of case analysis on the original plants of the ginger and its corresponding plants described in the Chinese historical literatures. The results showed that the understanding on the features of the plants of ginger was clear and explicit though there was no integrated natural taxonomic system established in the past. At the same time, the study found that the method of vegetative propagation had been mastered in the planting of ginger in the period of the Northern Wei about 1600 years ago.

  Correlation, Principal Component and Cluster Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Zhu Zhangzhi,Zhang Zhixian,Liu Jun,Xie Liujie,Tan Guoyin and He Daogen 2015, 31 (4):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2237 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 615KB )   ( 476 ) This study intended to provide a theoretical basis for the germplasm improvement and innovation, and breeding new varieties through revealing the characteristics and laws of the correlation of the various agronomic traits of broccoli. Correlation and principal components were studied and cluster analysis was conducted to analyze the growth period, single head weight and other 16 major agronomic traits of 76 broccoli germplasm materials collected from the main growing areas. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a higher correlation of the various traits of broccoli. The principal component analysis results showed that the six eigenvalues of cumulative variance proportion 73.104% were selected for evaluation of the broccoli germplasm which could be summarized as production factor, growth potential factor and curd characteristic factor. And those were the main indexes for evaluating the broccoli germplasm. 76 broccoli germplasm materials could be classified into 3 clusters. Cluster Ⅰ was mainly early maturing germplasm with more lateral shoot, middle highly round sphere and light weight. Cluster Ⅱ was mainly for late-maturing germplasm, with lanceolate plant type, highly round sphere and middle curd weight. Cluster Ⅲ was mainly middle maturing germplasm, with more upright plant type, highest round sphere and the most weight. It is feasible to analyze and comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits of broccoli, screen out specific germplasm and guide breeding work.

  The Main Botanical Character Analysis of 41 Meat Used Old Cucurbita moschata Varieties Han Xiaoxia,Hu Xinjun,Su Jianwen,Yuan Zuhua and Li Yongqi 2015, 31 (4):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1887 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 666 ) In order to scientifically evaluate the meat used old Cucurbita moschata varieties, the authors studied the diversity, correlation and the cluster analysis of major botanical characters of 41 exhibitors varieties, including the traits of flowering, the first section, the length of the fruit lower part, fruit length, stem diameter, internode length, the maximum leaf diameter and longitudinal diameter, fruit weight, flesh thickness, soluble solids content and so on. The results showed that the variations of the length of the fruit lower part, fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness were larger, the variation of flowering trait was smaller; there were significant or highly significant correlations between the traits. Cluster analysis showed that 41 old Cucurbita moschata varieties could be divided into 3 groups, multiple traits of the first group was better than that of the other two groups, and higher similarities were found among groups and varieties within each group. This research provided the basis for selecting excellent breeding traits and the parents for hybrids.

  The Effect of Coated Urea Application Rate on Seedling Growth and Nitrogen Balance During Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Nursery Period Si Dongxia,Li Haiyun,Lv Futang and Wu Yan 2015, 31 (4):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1815 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 360 ) To determine a reasonable application rate of coated urea for cucumber seedling fertilization, taking conventional substrate, peat: vermiculite (2:1), as seedling medium, seedling growth, nutrients uptake and nitrogen (N) balance were tested in this study during cucumber nursery period with different application rate of coated urea. The results showed that coated urea application rate at 125-375 mg N per plant could coordinate the growth of shoot and root of cucumber seedlings, and improve phosphorus and potassium uptake. Meanwhile, residue of 90.5-250.3 mg N per plant was found in the substrate at transplanting time, among them, the coated N accounted for 75.4%-82.3%, and could realize fertilized-transplanting. 31.9-121.5 mg N per pot apparent N losses occurred during nursery period.

  Effect of Mulching on Growth and Early Yield of Green Asparagus in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Xie Qixin,Zhou Jinsong,Luo Shaochun,Chen Guangyu,Zhang Yueping,Yin Yuling,Tang Yongping and Xiong Chunhui 2015, 31 (4):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1481 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 451 ) In order to understand the effect of different mulching methods on the growth of green asparagus in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and promote shoot germination in early spring, green asparagus cultivar ‘JK701’ was used to investigate the effect of plastic mulch, tunnel, straw and plant ash on shoot germination, growth, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that both plastic tunnel and single-layer film could significantly increase the soil temperature, promote shoots growth and early harvest, improve early and total yield, and enhance the economic benefit. The plastic tunnel was the best performing treatment which increased the soil temperature by 2.1℃ to 6.7℃, advanced the harvest time by 20 days, and improved the total yield by 18.57% and benefit by 136.67% per 666.7 m2 than that of the control, while straw had less effect and plant ash had no significant effect on growth, yield and benefit of asparagus. A simple agronomic method was screened which could advance the harvest time and improve the total yield of green asparagus markedly, and it also had significance to make market supply balanced in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and even all over the country and increase the benefit of asparagus planting.

  Preliminary Study on Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts from Dictyophora indusial by Different Solvents 2015, 31 (4):  95-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2432 Abstract + ( 534 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 451 ) The antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Dictyophora indusial by 7 different solvents was tested with Sac-charomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subilis, Staphylococcus aureus, to explore the optimal extraction solvent. The results showed that Dictyophora indusial extracts by 2 solvents had bioactive substances to restrain the growth of Bacillus subilis hypha, and the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract was relatively strong, with the inhibition diameter against Bacillus subilis about 38.56 mm, followed by the ethyl acetate extracts, with the inhibition diameter about 31.66 mm. In view of the high and low extraction efficiency and antimicrobial activity in different solvents, the best one to extract antimicrobial activity substance from Dictyophora indusial was ethyl acetate.

  The Mathematics Model on Balanced Fertilization of N, P and K for the Content of Vc in Melon Zhang Zhaohui,Jiang Yuping,Yang Xiaofeng,Zuo Enqiang and Chen Chunhong 2015, 31 (4):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1920 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 613KB )   ( 381 ) The article aims to study the effect of balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the Vc content of melon by means of quadratic component rotational design. The mathematic model of balanced fertilization was established. The optimal quantity of fertilizer, the effect of single factor and the interaction effect were studied. The results showed that N and P, N and K, and P and K had significant interaction effects, and the right fertilization ratio could improve the Vc of melon fruit. According to the analysis, the ratio of N:P:K was 2.03:1:3.36, and the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O was 157.5, 77.4 and 260.38 kg/hm2, respectively, and the Vc of melon fruit was 25.32 mg/100 g.

  Dissociation Characteristics Analysis of Dwarfing Performance and Performance of Promoting Flower and Fruit to Hybridization F1 Generation from Apple Dwarf Stock Y-B094 2015, 31 (4):  105-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1845 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 707KB )   ( 403 ) To improve apple dwarf stock breeds and study dissociation characteristics on dwarfing performance and performance of promoting flower and fruit, cultivar plants were grafted on hybridization F1 generation plant from apple dwarf stock Y-B094, dissociation characteristics and correlation of the 10 character indexes were investigated and analyzed, and the grafted plants were classified. The results showed that the investigated 10 character indexes of hybridization F1 generation from apple dwarf stock Y-B094 had greatly improved variety selection potential. Height was quantitative inheritance, the other characters were qualitative inheritance. There was highly significant negative correlation between height and flower number from terminal bud on main branch. But correlation between height and fruit number from terminal bud number on main branch was not significant. Height had highly significant or significant positive correlation with other characters. Hybridization F1 generation from apple dwarf stock Y-B094 was divided into 3 classes by clustering analysis. Dwarfing property indexes could be reference indexes of apple dwarf stock prolificacy in the early stage. Plants of the second class should be further selected, 129＃plant could be further investigated and selected as emphasis.

  Content Variation of Mineral Nutrients in 3 Apple Cultivars Leaves and Their Correlation Wang Dongmei,Liu Zhi,Wang Yingda,Huang Jinfeng,Lv Tianxing and Yan Zhongye 2015, 31 (4):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1534 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 720KB )   ( 469 ) In order to make clear the changes and accumulation mechanism of mineral nutrition in developing apple leaves, the leaves of ‘Wangshanhong’ and other 2 apple cultivars were used as experimental materials for the measurement, the author analyzed changes in the contents of mineral nutrients during leaf development and their correlation. The results showed that during leaf development, the levels of N, P and B exhibited a decreased-increased-decreased trend, K and Mn showed an increased-decreased-increased trend, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu showed an increased-decreased trend, while the levels of Fe generally decreased during leaf development. Correlation analysis of the changes in mineral nutrients contents during leaf development indicated that the changes between N and P levels were highly significantly positive correlated, P and Mn, Ca and Cu levels were significantly positive correlated, whereas changes between the levels of Mn and B were extremely and significantly negative correlated, K and Mg, Ca and Fe were significantly negative correlated. These results indicated that the accumulation of the ten mineral nutrients content in the levels were different, some mineral nutrients acted antagonism or synergism when theirs were absorbed by the apple tree.

  Effects of Bagging on Aroma of ‘Qixia daxiangshui’ Pear Fruit Wei Shuwei and Wang Shaomin 2015, 31 (4):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1517 Abstract + ( 560 )   PDF ( 488KB )   ( 339 ) In order to investigate the effect of bagging on aroma components of ‘Qi xia daxiangshui’ pear fruit, an experiment was performed, the ingredients and contents of aroma volatile compounds of bagged and non-bagged fruit of ‘Qi xia da xiangshui’ pear were studied by using heads space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that: there were significant differences in the aroma varieties and contents of bagging and non-bagged fruit. In bagging treatment, 34 different varieties of volatiles were detected in ‘Qixia daxiangshui’ pear fruit, the total contents of aroma volatiles were 2671.53 ng/g, while 42 ingredients of volatiles were detected in the non-bagged fruit and the total contents of aroma volatiles were 10040.14 ng/g. Bagging significantly reduced the varieties and the contents of aroma volatiles in ‘Qixia daxiangshui’ pear fruit.

  Comparative Analysis on Anatomy of Xylem Cells in New Shoots of Different Pear Varieties Yang Haibo,Yang Peifang,Wang Juan,Meng Lifeng and Qiao Huiqin 2015, 31 (4):  124-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110090 Abstract + ( 633 )   PDF ( 457KB )   ( 581 ) The anatomical structure of Suisho pear and Hosui pear was studied to provide theoretical basis for research on eco-physiological traits and their development. Xylem cells in new shoots of Suisho pear, Hosui pear and Suli pear (the CK) were used as test materials, the cellular anatomical traits of which were compared and analyzed, including vessel element, tracheid molecule and fiber molecule. The results indicated that pits on vessel cells of Suisho pear were larger and denser than those of Hosui pear and Suli pear. Meanwhile, malformed vessels of Suisho pear were obviously fewer than that of the other 2 varieties. The maximum diameter for vessel element of Hosui pear was larger than that of Suisho pear and Suli pear, which showed a highly significant difference. The end tail length for Hosui pear was shorter than that of Suisho pear and Suli pear, which also showed a highly significant difference. No significant difference existed in fiber molecule length among the 3 varieties. The diameter of fiber molecule for Hosui pear was smaller than that of Suisho pear and Suli pear, which again showed a highly significant difference. Compared with Suli pear, Suisho pear had better transverse transport ability, while Hosui pear had better vertical transport ability. These traits helped to improve their ecological adaptability.

  Frost Hardiness of Chinese Jujube Shoots Assessed by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrolyte Leakage Methods Zhang Zhendong,Gong Ruijuan,Wang Zhe,Gao Jiao,Li Yingyue,Zhang Gang and Pang Xiaoming 2015, 31 (4):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1905 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 796KB )   ( 453 ) Low temperature mainly limits the growth and productivity of Chinese jujube in winter and spring. The most effective way to avoid these damages in areas subjected to these climatic conditions is to select the least susceptible varieties, so the choice of the right method to determine cold hardiness is extremely important. The one-year-old shoots of seven Chinese jujube cultivars were used to measure the frost hardiness by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and conventional electrolyte leakage (EL) methods after exposed to controlled freezing tests. The changes of EIS parameters (specific resistances r and r1 in Single-DCE model, specific extracellular resistance re, specific intracellular resistance ri, relaxation time τ and distribution coefficient of relaxation time ψ) and the correlations between the frost hardiness results of two methods were compared in order to find the optimum EIS parameters for measuring the frost hardiness of Chinese jujube. The results showed that after controlled freezing tests, the EIS parameters decreased with the reduced temperature. The frost hardiness estimated by EIS parameters re and τ correlated significantly with the frost hardiness assessed by EL method (R=0.840 and 0.879, respectively). The results suggested that the parameters re and τ could be applied for measuring frost hardiness of the samples of Chinese jujube after exposed to controlled freezing tests. The EIS method was found to be more superior than the EL owing to its time saving, non-destructive and no need of incubation.

  Application of Genetic Markers in Punica granatum Germplasm Research Zhao Li’na,Hou Lefeng,Hao Zhaoxiang,Luo Hua,Bi Runxia,Liu Xia and Wang Qingjun 2015, 31 (4):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2334 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 508KB )   ( 421 ) The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a species belonging to the family Punicaceae, possesses high nutritive, medical and ornamental value. This review summarized the progresses of genetic markers in pomegranate germplasm research at different levels, including morphology, cytology, biochemistry and DNA?molecule. The advantages and disadvantages of genetic markers were analyzed and discussed. Finally, suggestions were given. The application of genetic markers, especially the development of molecular markers, would open up new roads for genetic diversity research, phylogenetic relationship analysis, classification study, cultivars identification, genetic map construction, functional gene location etc.

  Effect of Intermediate Cutting on Airtight Citrus (cv. Gongchuan) Orchard Modification in Shanghai Area 2015, 31 (4):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2081 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 612KB )   ( 403 ) In order to improve the current situation of low bear rate and tree potential recession of closing, high density citrus ‘Gongchuan’ orchard. During 2009-2012, we investigated the effects of intermediate cuttings on disease resistance, fruit development and flavor quality of ‘Gongchuan’ in different growth stages in an over 20-year-old airtight orchard with 3m×3m planting density in Shanghai, Chongming island. The results showed that the suitable intermediate cuttings formed proper planting density, together with appropriate field management can fundamentally improve yield and quality, as well as the resin disease resistance. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of content and component soluble sugar and organic acid were also performed and we found that intermediate cuttings had remarkable effect on increasing the concentrations of fruit sucrose and glucose concentrations, which were 50.9% and 24.8% higher than the control (CK) respectively in October 2011. However, the concentrations of several main organic acids showed no significant difference between treatment and CK. Therefore, we suggested that intermediate cuttings can not only improve the yield, but also increase fruit sugar acid ratio as well as fruit quality. All of above concluded that intermediate cutting is an effective method for dense orchard modification.

  Preliminary Study on Chemical Stability of Leaf Compound Fertilizer of Secondary and Micro Elements Zhou Changmin,He Zhaohuan,Huo Zhiming,Yang Baomei,Tu Shihua and Li Guoliang 2015, 31 (4):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2532 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 645KB )   ( 423 ) In order to meet the basic need of secondary and micro elements in lichi and orange planting business, and to efficiently utilize the fertilizer, water and labor sources, 4 recipes featured mixed secondary and/or micro elements (including borax, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate and calcium nitrate) were compounded for lichi leaf fertilizers. Given the potential chemical disharmony of the compounded solvents, the author further studied chemical content stability and pH variation of the compounded fertilizers upon potential eternal stimuli including UV, heating and sunlight (and CK). The results showed that: (1) borax and ammonium molybdate share mutual stability in compounding, besides, EDTA could be employed as complex stabilizer as Mg2 , Mn2 and Zn2 ions were added in borax substrate; (2) upon different stimuli for 7 days, all samples with initial pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8 would end up with about pH 6.75; (3) under the set condition, stability trend was concluded as B8O132->Mo2O72->Ca2 >Zn2 . This study could provide theoretical chemical support for practical lichi leaf fertilizer compounding.

  Effect of Exogenous Phytohormone on Growth and Development of Gladiolus hybrids 2015, 31 (4):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2143 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 803KB )   ( 382 ) In order to support the industry of Gladiolus flower products and to improve yield and quality of the flower-cuts, we investigated the effect of exogenous phytohormones on growth and development of Gladiolus hybrids. The exogenous phytohormones used in this study were GA3, 6-BA and IAA. Three different treating methods, soaking, leaf-surface spray and combination of soaking and leaf-surface spray were used to treat Gladiolus hybrids at different growth stages. The results showed that treatment of 200 mg/L 6-BA by the soaking and spray combined method induced shoot and corm growing to the maximum number, up to 5.02 and 5.17, respectively. The spray treatment with IAA at 100 mg/L gave the maximum corm diameters, up to 4.66 cm. The soaking treatment with IAA at 200 mg/L gave the maximum number of cormels, up to 68.08, and the heaviest ones up to 25.93 g. The longest length of inflorescence, which was 83.53 cm, was recorded with the combined treatment method of IAA at 400 mg/L. The soaking treatment with GA3 at 600 mg/L gave the highest height of the plant (142.70 cm), the longest length of rachis (53.09 cm) and the biggest diameter of floret (13.32 cm). Using the combined treatment with GA3 at 600 mg/L could effectively increase the number of florets up to 19.00, and could extend the field life of spikes up to 36%. The combined treatment with GA3 at 900 mg/L could significantly reduce the days needed to bloom, which was reduced to 75.36 d.

  Advancement on Breeding Method of Anthurium andraeanum Yi Maosheng,Xie Li,Guo Herong,Zeng Ruizhen,Li Yanghui,黎杨辉 and Zhang Zhisheng 2015, 31 (4):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2067 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 796 ) This paper summarized the progress on hybridization breeding, haploid and polyploid breeding, mutation breeding and genetic transformation breeding of Anthurium andraeanum at home and abroad. In order to further promote the development of new cultivars in China, we proposed that the emphasis of breeding method study on Anthurium andraeanum was to improve the efficiency and effect of hybridization breeding by using marker-assisted selection and distant hybridization. And understanding of the effect and mechanism of chromosome doubling on breeding objective traits and establishing an effective technical system of haploid induction in vitro were the keys to establish a practical complex breeding technical system and breed elite new cultivars. Furthermore, establishing a fast and efficient mutation breeding and genetic transformation breeding technical system was the important direction of Anthurium andraeanum breeding.

  Building of the Phalaenopsis’ Subculture Multiplication System via Regenerating Adventitious Buds Peng Jiao,Cui Jinteng,Wang Aixiang and Zhao Hewen 2015, 31 (4):  162-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110138 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 957KB )   ( 911 ) To reduce the possibilities of genetic variation or vitrification during continuous subculture via regenerating protocorms and to alleviate the browning, a Phalaenopsis’ subculture technique via regenerating adventitious buds from vegetative buds produced from the flower stalks and applying anti-browning agent was studied. The results showed that: the highest vegetative bud induction rate was achieved when the middle auxiliary bud stem segments from the five-nodes flower stalks were inoculated in the medium of VW 6-BA 5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L sugar 30 g/L. In subculture, TDZ was more effective than 6-BA in stimulating adventitious buds regeneration. The best subculture multiplication efficiency was achieved when the inoculating buds treated with ‘cutting leaf’ were cultured in the medium VW TDZ 1 mg/L citric acid 300 mg/L sugar 10 g/L coconut water 15%, or in the medium VW 6-BA 5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L citric acid 300 mg/L sugar 10 g/L coconut water 15%. Through studies, the Phalaenopsis’ subculture multiplication system was preliminarily set up via regenerating adventitious buds.

  Temporal-spatial Variations of Water Requirement for Tea Plants in Guizhou Province During 1961-2010 Yi Junlian,Li Yong and Gu Shuhong 2015, 31 (4):  167-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2254 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1848KB )   ( 511 ) Based on the ground observation data from 82 meteorological stations during 1961-2010 and longterm tea experimental observations data, using some methods recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization, the water requirement were calculated in different growing seasons for tea plants in Guizhou. The temporal-spatial variation and the trend of water requirement for tea plants were evaluated by the methods of statistics and ArcGIS in order to assess the impact of climate change on tea plants. The results indicates that, the water requirement of tea plants in Guizhou has significant differences in different growing seasons in nearly fifty years, the summer tea water requirement accounts for the most, followed by autumn tea; the spatial distribution of summer tea water requirement is similar to that of the autumn tea, which shows a type of "northwest low southeast high"; on the contrary, the water requirement shows a type of "northeast low southwest high" for spring tea and during wintering periods. The averaged water requirement shows a decreasing trend in all of the growing season; the annual climate tendency rate is - 1.6, -4.8, -1.2, -0.3 mm per ten years for spring tea, summer tea, autumn tea, and winter tea, respectively. The water requirement difference of spring tea and winter tea in different regions are decreasing while the water requirement differ? ence of summer tea and autumn tea are increasing over the past five decades.

  Analysis of Yield Components of Perilla frutescens in Guizhou Province Qin Xinrong,Tian Shigang,Wang Xianping and Shen Qi 2015, 31 (4):  174-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2176 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 470KB )   ( 416 ) To study the yield components of Perilla frutescens in material identification, the 50 Perilla frutescens materials from Guizhou Province had been planted in two areas for two years, and correlation and regression analysis were conducted on agronomic and yield components. The results showed that agronomic trait indexes of tested materials all had large variation，the C.V. and yield components analysis showed that plant height, spike number per plant and thousand seed weight were three most important traits in Perilla frutescens yield research, and regression analysis of yield per plant was carried out with those three factors, the results showed that yield contribution degree of the three factors were 0.037, 0.069 and 5.598 g, respectively. The results showed that the plant height, number of spikes per plants and thousand seed weight should be considered mainly in high yield breeding. These results would lay an important foundation for the material identification of Guizhou Perilla frutescens and breeding research of Perilla frutescens.

  Effects of Different Winter-Green Manure on Occurrence of Diseases, Insect Pests, Weeds of Early Rice and Its Yield Tan Jing’ai,Li Baotong,Pan Xiaohua and Shi Qinghua 2015, 31 (4):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2361 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 647KB )   ( 517 ) Effects of different winter-green manure on occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds of after-reap early rice and its yield were tested to provide technical support for the screening of planting mode in rice planting area of the south. Taking fallow field treatment as control by planting potato, rape and milk vetch as green manure into winter fallow fields, a field experiment was carried out to investigate occurring characteristics of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early rice and its yield change after the winter-green manure plowed. Results showed that different plowed winter-green manure had no effect on occurring species of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early rice, and the main pests were sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), sheathed monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), while there was significant effect on the occurring degree of sheath blight, sheathed monochoria and barnyardgrass, and no effect on the occurring number of stem borer and rice leaf roller. Plant morbidity of sheath blight revealed potato-rice > rape-rice > milk vetch-rice > fallow-rice treatment in booting stage, and fallow-rice > potato-rice > rape-rice > milk vetch-rice treatment in yellow ripeness stage. The density of sheathed monochoria and total weeds revealed allow-rice > milk vetch-rice > potato-rice > rape-rice treatment, while that of barnyardgrass was allow-rice > rape-rice > potato-rice > milk vetch-rice treatment. Winter-green manure had no significant effect on rice effective panicle number, grain number per spike and filled grain rate, but it could significantly increase 1000-grain weight and improve rice yield. Selecting appropriate pesticides could effectively control the occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds of early paddy rice in early stage of pest occurrence after winter-green manure plowed, and increase rice yield. This study suggested that winter-green manure could inhibit the occurrence of sheath blight and weeds, and increase rice yield in red soil region of Jiangxi, and milk vetch would be the best green manure resource for considering comprehensive effect of improving rice yield and pest control.

  Determination of Combined Effect of Difenoconazole and Tebuconazole on Mixed Rice False Smut Dou Junxia,Geng Zhongyi,Liu Cunhong and Li Yuanting 2015, 31 (4):  185-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1926 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 732 ) Different proportion of difenoconazole and tebuconazole mixed together can affect ustilaginoidea virens. In order to clarify different types of this combined effect, the inhibitory rate of mycelium growth of the pathogen and mycelium growth rate method are used to determine virulence to ustilaginoidea virens from difenoconazole, tebuconazole and their 5 matching ratios. The results indicated that EC50 of ustilaginoidea virens was 1.568 and 21.487 mg/L, respectively, when affected by difenoconazole and tebuconazole, and indoor bioactive of ustilaginoidea virens influenced by difenoconazole was more than that influenced by tebuconazole. In the 5 different matching ratios of difenoconazole and tebuconazole, ratio 4:5 had the least EC50, which was 1.858 mg/L. Ratio 1:8, 2:7, 3:6 and 4:5 had SR which were all above 1.5 and this illustrated these 4 matching combinations all had a synergistic effect towards ustilaginoidea virens. In addition, ratio (2-4): (7-5) produced SR greater than 2.0 and had the strongest synergistic effect. Difenoconazole and tebuconazole both had higher indoor bioactivity to ustilaginoidea virens, and the two with matching ratio of (2-4): (7-5) had the best synergistic effect towards ustilaginoidea virens. The suggested drug concentration was 117-375 mg/L.

  the control effect of Griseofulvin research on magnaporthe grisea 2015, 31 (4):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2434 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 863KB )   ( 464 ) For the study of griseofulvin inhibition of Magnaprothe grisea and the control effect on Magnaprothe grisea, agar block method were used to detect the inhibition of Penicillium patulum GM120- 43 against Magnaprothe grisea, griseofulvin control the potted rice blast. The results indicated that, Penicillium patulum GM120-43 had larger inhibition on Magnaprothe grisea, the control effect of griseofulvin on leaf blast and panicle blast, griseofulvin prevent leaf blast and panicle blast when 300-fold dilution effect were 93.76% and 53.79%, treatment were 89.2% and 49.21%. When it was tested in the concentration range, griseofulvin control effect was proportional to its concentration. Griseofulvin was a kind of promising biological pesticide.

  Investigation and Analysis of the Occurrence Characteristics of Cylas formicarius Ye Mingxin 2015, 31 (4):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2578 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 645KB )   ( 619 ) Cylas formicarius is an important insect pest during the growing and storage period of the sweet potatoes in Fujian, the damage mainly caused by larva biting of the vines and potato chunks. Since the damage was not obvious and the single control efficiency was not good, the loss ratio could be 20% to 30% and the damage to the sweet potato production in Xiang’an was serious. A research was made to analyze the characteristics of generations and overwintering of Cylas formicarius in Xiang’an area after monitoring the growth and decline of Cylas formicarius in the field by using gyplure, and at the same time to compare the dynamic state differences of damage of different kinds of fields and Cylas formicarius. It showed that in Xiang’an area of Xiamen, the cardinality after wintering of Cylas formicarius in dry land (138.56 /m2) was bigger than that in paddy field (98.56 /m2), and the percentage of female insects was higher than that of male insects among the imagoes after wintering; the ratio of damaged plants in dry land and farming changed field were higher than that in paddy field, with the percentage being 61.67%, 48.33% and 20%; the peak season of damage was from October to November; the damage ratio of the main cultivar ‘Chaoshu 13’ was higher than that of ‘Pei 26’.

  Research on the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Three Kinds of Insect Pests on Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Yu Linfeng,Wang Rong,Zhang Yanru,Zong Shixiang and Luo Youqing 2015, 31 (4):  200-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2100 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 2753KB )   ( 438 ) Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis is generally regarded as the most valuable species for the conservation of soil and water in arid and semi-arid regions of China, it was heavily damaged by Holcocerus hippophaecolus, Asias halodendri Pallas and Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang in pure man-made sea buckthorn forests in Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province. In order to study the spatial distribution pattern of the three kinds of insect pests and explore damage characteristics of them, the spatial characteristics of H. hippophaecolus larvae, the emerging hole and larvae of A. halodendri Pallas, the cocoon of T. vishnou gigantina Yang were analyzed by using geostatistical methods in two pure man-made sea buckthorn forest, which at different damage levels. Analysis of the isotropic variogram indicated that aggregation distribution pattern of H. hippophaecolus larvae, the emerging hole and larvae of A. halodendri Pallas, cocoon of T. vishnou gigantina Yang were observed in the lightly-infested level and heavily-infested level of sea buckthorn forests. Among them, the distance of spatial dependences of H. hippophaecolus larvae and the emerging hole of A. halodendri Pallas in the heavily-infested level of sea buckthorn forest were 5.900 meter and 7.800 meter, lower than 10.460 meter and 12.290 meter in the lightly-infested forest, meanwhile, the intensities of local spatial continuity in the heavily-infested level of sea buckthorn forest were 63.7% and 73.3%, higher than 51.0% and 69.1% in the lightly-infested forest. Besides, the rest of the indexes were approximate in different damage levels of forests. Analysis based on overlay maps and correlation analysis indicated that the cocoon of T. vishnou gigantina had a clustered distribution at the edge of the plantation, but it didn’t have significant correlation with the two boring insects; A. halodendri larvae had no obvious relationship with the emerging hole of A. halodendri and H. hippophaecolus larvae. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the distribution of H. hippophaecolus larvae and the emerging hole of A. halodendri Pallas. Based on isotropic variogram and correlation analysis, the study explored the relationship among H. hippophaecolus, A. halodendri Pallas and T. vishnou gigantina Yang, it indicated that H. hippophaecolus had a characteristic of commensalisms with A. halodendri, and provided a theoretical basis for integrated management.

  Population Dynamics of Major Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Tobacco-growing Areas of Nanxiong Guangdong 2015, 31 (4):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2040 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 649KB )   ( 487 ) In order to solve the problem of pests damage on tobacco in northern Guangdong tobacco area, with Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Spodoptera litura as experiment materials, field experiment was conducted for investigating the population system of the main insect pests and their natural enemies. The results showed that Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Spodoptera litura were the major pests in Nanxiong tobacco field. M. persicae and S. litura each has two population peaks each year, while several peaks occurred each year for H. assulta. The major predatory natural enemies in northern Guangdong were Coccinella septempunctata, Cyrtopeltis tenuis, Propylaea japonica, Chrysopa sinica, Harpactor fuscipes and Paederus fuscipes, while the main parasitoids were Aphidius gifuensis, Campoletis chlorideae and Microplitis prodeniae. H. fuscipes was a potential biological control agent for M. persicae, H. assulta and S. litura in tobacco fields.

  Inhibition Effect of Three Alien Plants of Conyza on Corynespora cassiicola 2015, 31 (4):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1962 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 370 ) The objective was to study the inhibitory effect and phylogenetic relationship of three alien plants of Conyza. Using the method of growth rate, biological activity of acetone extracts from Conyza canadensis, C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis were assayed against Corynespora cassiicola. Results showed that the growth of Corynespora cassiicola were inhibited by acetone extracts from three species in Conyza, this inhibition strengthened with the concentration increasing and weakened along with the time. The inhibition of Conyza canadensis was stronger than that of C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis. The similarity in the inhibiting rates of C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis could deduce that they may have close relationship.

  Effects of Rainfall in Different Months on Bagged Apple Black-rot Disease Li Xiaming,Li Jie,Li Qingliang,Huang Junbao,,Meng Lifeng,Yu Jing and 2015, 31 (4):  217-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2086 Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 419 ) In order to elucidate the effects of rainfall in different months on bagged apple black-rot disease, we studied the incidence of‘Red Fuji’apple black-rot disease in Yantai Shandong, Baishui Shanxi and Sanmenxia Henan in 2011, 2012, 2013. The results showed that the incidence of bagged apple black-rot disease varied in different years. It was the highest in 2011 and the lowest in 2013. The incidence of apple black-rot disease also varied in different areas. It showed that disease incidence gradually reduced from east to west and followed this order: Yantai Shandong > Baishui Shanxi > Sanmenxia Henan. The rainfall in January, April, May and July had negative correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease, but the correlations were not significant. The rainfall in other months had positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. Especially in September the rainfall significantly affected the incidence of apple black-rot disease, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.861(P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient of average rainfall of August and September and the incidence of apple black-rot disease was 0.862(P<0.01). The rainfall intensity in January, July and October had negative correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. However，there was no associated significance. Rainfall intensity in other months had positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease. In June, August and September, the rainfall intensity significantly affected the incidence of apple black-rot disease (P<0.01). Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient of average rainfall intensity of August and September and the incidence of apple black-rot disease was 0.907(P<0.01). So the rainfall and rainfall intensity both have significant positive correlation with the incidence of apple black-rot disease in August and September, which were the critical period of the apple black-rot disease control.

  Identification of Oat Germplasm Resources in the Cold Dry Ecological Area of North Shanxi 李岩,李荫藩,马大炜,梁秀芝,薛龙飞 and 李刚 2015, 31 (4):  222-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2175 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 478 ) To explore the utilization value of 100 oat varieties which were provided by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and screen high quality varieties that can be used directly, agronomic traits and genetic diversity were studied by using the field observation and comprehensive analysis. Agronomic characters analysis showed that: round number, plant height and weight stability were relatively good, could be easily selected in the breeding process. The coefficient of variation of the second leaf length and leaf width and the grain weight per spike were larger, their standards should be relaxed in breeding. Genetic diversity analysis showed that genetic diversity indexes of skin bare, grain color, stem and leaf wax were small. Relatively the indexes of grain shape, awn color, stem diameter and flag leaf were larger. The 13 quality oat varieties with drought resistance, disease resistance and precocious trait were screened through the identification, as well as 20 big spike and big grain varieties, and a series of single trait prominent varieties. These can provide the theory basis for oats varieties breeding and rational utilization of oat germplasm resources.

  Analysis of Vegetation Cover Changes and Its Driving Forces in Bosten Lake Basin Wang Tao,Tao Hui,Lei Gang and Hao Ningyan 2015, 31 (4):  228-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2461 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 1790KB )   ( 575 ) Bosten Lake is located in the northwest arid region, which is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and sensitive to global climate change. The study on vegetation cover change and its driving forces in Bosten Lake Basin would have great significance to understand response of regional vegetation cover change to global climate change and water resources assessment. Vegetation cover change and its driving forces under the condition of global climate change were analyzed by MODIS NDVI images of 16 days synthetic from 2001 to 2013, DEM data with 30 m resolution. The results showed that: (1) vegetation growing season began in late April and ends in late October in Bosten Lake Basin, in the vegetation growing season, vegetation NDVI showed no significant decreasing trend, in different elevation ranges, increasing trends showed in the range of 891 m to 1500 m and of 3501 m to 4808 m, while decreasing trend showed in the range of 1501 m to 3500 m; (2) vegetation NDVI showed decreasing trend from 2001 to 2013 in Bosten Lake, which accounted for 61.80% while increasing trend accounted for 36.60%, the region of increasing trend mainly distributed in the southeast of basin, southeast and northwest of Bosten Lake, as well as the central part of basin’s northwest area, other regions showed decreasing trend, furthermore, increasing trend distributed in the range of 891 m to 2000 m and of 3501-4808 m, other range showed decreasing trend; (3) both climate change and human activities influenced vegetation changes in Bosten Lake Basin, however, the higher altitude area was mainly influenced by climate change while the lower by human activities.

  Evaluation on Ecological Service Value of Arable Land Resource in Wuhan City Circle Tang Jinhua,Chen Zhi,Zhu Juncheng,Song Chengshun and Han Binghua 2015, 31 (4):  237-244.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2016 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 470 ) In order to strengthen the protection consciousness of cultivated land resource, it is necessary to understand and assess the value of cultivated land resource ecological service function. The arable land ecosystem service function value contains the gas regulating function value, air purification function value, water conservation value, land conservation value, soil nutrient conservation value and maintain biodiversity value. Based on the method of market value, cultivated land resources of ecosystem service function value was 7300.3869 million yuan from 2007 to 2009, and 7147.7499 million yuan from 2010 to 2012 in Wuhan City Circle. After three years of development, cultivated land ecological value had decreased by about 2.09%. From the point of each composition, gas regulating function and water conservation function were the most important. From the point of spatial distribution, the highest annual average ecological value of the cultivated land was in Huanggang (172.5307 million yuan), while the lowest was in Ezhou (217.8686 million yuan) from 2010 to 2012. From the point of space change, the cultivated land ecological value increased only in Qianjiang City, while farmland ecological value in other cities was falling. The conclusion has certain directive significance to formulating the cultivated land protection policy and reasonably distributing the farmland for Wuhan City Circle and other regions.

  Study on Ecological Footprint and Ecological Capacity in Guangdong Province Wang Yuxi,Wang Yu and Yao Xiaoying 2015, 31 (4):  245-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2631 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 428 ) Using analysis method of ecological footprint, the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of 2010 in Guangdong Province was analyzed, and the stress and its influence degree on natural ecological system caused by economic activities were also discussed, in order to provide reference for identify and measure the state of sustainable development, city development strategy and realize the sustainable development in Guangdong Province. The results showed that the ecological footprint was 2.5188 hm2 per capita, which mainly consisted of farmland footprint and energy footprint, the ecological deficit was 2.078 hm2 per capita, far higher than the average of the national and the world. Total ecological footprint deficit was 2.17×108 hm2, ecological overload reached 4.7 times. Compared with 2001, the total demand of per capita ecological footprint rose 84% in nearly ten years, the forest land and farmland were rising rapidly. While ecological supply fell by 20%. The pressure on ecosystem was increasing. It is the main way and the top priority to establish intensive, economical and ecological production and consumption patterns and to promote economic development and Population, resources and environment in harmony in order to keep sustainable economic development in Guangdong province.

  The Dynamic Study of Land Ecological Security in Gelmud’s Basin Ma Zhi’ang,Gai Aihong and Sun Linjun 2015, 31 (4):  250-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2089 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 638KB )   ( 405 ) In order to do the evaluation on ecological security of regional land, the land ecological security assessment index system was built by using the model of ‘pressure-state-response’, then the author used mean squared error to calculate the weight of the each indicator, and used the method of comprehensive index method to calculate the land ecological security situation of the basin of Gelmud at the year of 2000, 2005, 2010 which were classified into different grades. The findings showed that: the degree of land ecological security was on the rise in general. Land ecological security composite index rose from 0.3740 in 2000 to 0.5899 in 2010, basic close to good condition. And from 2000 to 2005, the index rise was quite gently, from 2005 to 2010, the index rise was forceful. The latter stage was the former 3 times.

  Change Characteristics of Extreme Weather Events During the Recent 50 Years in Hainan, Qinghai Province Li Jinhong,Ding Shengxiang and Guo Lianyun 2015, 31 (4):  258-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2395 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 785KB )   ( 436 ) The paper aims to improve the early-warning of extreme weather events, and undertake meteorological disaster prevention in a timely manner. Based on the daily meteorological observation data from 5 meteorological stations in the Hainan area during the period of 1961 to 2010, the author analyzed the change characteristics of extreme weather and climate events, such as successive raining days, drought, high temperature and low temperature over Hainan. The results showed that the annual days of occurrence of some extreme weather events, such as, successive raining days, spring drought and high temperature over Hainan in recent 50 years had been obviously increased, but the low temperature over Hainan in recent 50 years had decreased. Abrupt changes of occurrence of successive raining days, high temperature and low temperature occurred in 1974, 1990 and 1976 respectively.

  Study on Diluted Acid-catalyzes Steam Explosion Pretreatment to Enhance the Saccharification of Bamboo Zhao Zongkai,Chen Jienan,Zhang Lin and Zhan Peng 2015, 31 (4):  264-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0650 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 560KB )   ( 461 ) Pretreatment with diluted acid soaking and steam explosion were conducted for condition selection of bamboo saccharification effect. Using the content of revertose as measurement index, the author explored the concentration of diluted acid, soaking time, intensity pressure of steam explosion and the hold time of explosion pressure. The results showed that under the single factor experiment, the optimal condition and its corresponding revertose concentration were: when the soaking acid concentration was 2.5%, the concentration of revertose was 39.4301 g/L; when the soaking time was 10 h, the concentration of revertose was 35.2116 g/L; when the explosion pressure was 2 MPa, the concentration of revertose was 31.7554 g/L; when the hold time of explosion pressure was 150 s, the concentration of revertose was 30.3634 g/L. The optimal pretreatment condition obtained after orthogonal experiment: under room temperature, the bamboo was soaked in 2.5% vitriol for 8 h, and exploded after treated 180 s in 2 MPa steam explosion device. The highest output of revertose was 42.3707 g/L. And the primary and secondary order of the factors was the concentration of soaking acid> soaking time> the hold time of pressure> the pressure of explosion.

  Study on Distinguishing the Maturity of Tobacco Leaves and Detection Model of Nicotine Content Fang Zhiwen,Tang Yanlin,Wei Xiaonan and Fang Shicheng 2015, 31 (4):  269-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110096 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 380 ) An effective way that can distinguish the maturity of tobacco leaves and build a detection model of tobacco nicotine content using near infrared spectroscopy was explored. The NIR spectral date about 56 groups of tobacco leaves were analyzed by using clustering analysis, the classification results were almost the same as original, which reflected the difference between mature and immature tobacco leaves objectively. The rates of identification were up to 92.68%. A variety of spectroscopic processing methods were used to deal with the original spectrum. The method of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was better than others. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was used to established the regression model, which had the regression coefficient r=0.9852, RMSE=0.0676 in training set, r=0.9145, RMSE=0.1645 in cross validation set. The predicted values distributed closely in both sides of the fitting line, which showed a good result.

  Analysis of Aroma Components and DPPH· Scavenging Activity of Aged Pu-erh Tea Chen Meichun,Zhang Haifeng,Pan Zhizhen,Chen Zheng,Zhu Yujing,Che Jianmei,Shi Huai and Liu Bo 2015, 31 (4):  274-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2153 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 993 ) The aim of this study was to investigate the flavor characteristics and bioactivity of aged Pu-erh tea. Volatile compounds from aged Pu-erh tea were measured using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that a total of 57 volatile compounds were identified by matching EI mass spectra and retention indices with the literature data. Alcohols, methoxy-phenolic and ketones were the three major aromatic groups. The total phenolic contents of three types of Pu-erh tea were (41.91±1.98), (43.84±2.56) and (41.28±2.57) milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried weight [mg GAE/(g·DW)]. The effects of Pu-erh tea extracts on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity were evaluated. The results showed that all types Pu-erh tea extracts exhibited the relative strong DPPH· scavenging activity and in dosage-dependent modes. The concentration of sample required for 50% inhibition of DPPH· (IC50) were (129.03±0.25), (139.47±1.58) and (152.57±3.34) mg GAE/L, respectively.

  Structure, Trends and Policy Needs Analysis of Grain’s Supply and Demand in China Wang Yang and Yu Zhigang 2015, 31 (4):  280-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2435 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 671KB )   ( 473 ) On the basis of analysis of food supply and demand, we established an ARIMA-GRNN model to forecast the future of food supply and demand in the short-term trend. The forecast results show that: China's grain market supply is no problem in short-term, but in long-term supply and demand situation is not optimistic. The yield-pull mode is not sustainable in the technology development bottlenecks. Therefore, the focus of macroeconomic regulation and control of future food should be transferred from the ‘supply side’ to the ‘demand side’, and mediation grain structural problems should be taken seriously.

  The Positive Analysis of the Effect of Urbanization on Land Utilization Efficiency in Kunming Niu Lede,Peng Ziming,Xiong Liran and Wang Dali 2015, 31 (4):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2443 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 532 ) The study aims to know the urbanization impact on land use and get a new perspective and theoretical basis for the development of urbanization in Kunming. The SPSS and Grainger test were used for evaluation. The results showed that: firstly, in recent years the development of Kunming entering a stable period, but land development is poor; secondly, the results of Cointegration test showed that variable changes could be caused by another variable change in long term, it meant that there was a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the urbanization and the land utilization; thirdly, there was no causal relationship between urbanization development and land use in the short term. The level of urbanization was conducive to intensive use of land in long term, but the comprehensive urbanization level was not conducive to intensive use of land in the short term, and a stable relationship had not been formed.