Abstract: Using analysis method of ecological footprint, the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of 2010 in Guangdong Province was analyzed, and the stress and its influence degree on natural ecological system caused by economic activities were also discussed, in order to provide reference for identify and measure the state of sustainable development, city development strategy and realize the sustainable development in Guangdong Province. The results showed that the ecological footprint was 2.5188 hm² per capita, which mainly consisted of farmland footprint and energy footprint, the ecological deficit was 2.078 hm² per capita, far higher than the average of the national and the world. Total ecological footprint deficit was 2.17×10⁸ hm², ecological overload reached 4.7 times. Compared with 2001, the total demand of per capita ecological footprint rose 84% in nearly ten years, the forest land and farmland were rising rapidly. While ecological supply fell by 20%. The pressure on ecosystem was increasing. It is the main way and the top priority to establish intensive, economical and ecological production and consumption patterns and to promote economic development and Population, resources and environment in harmony in order to keep sustainable economic development in Guangdong province.