Abstract: Calligonum mongolicum is a main sand- fixation plant and widely distributed in northwest arid desert area. It is significant to research population characteristics, spatial distribution pattern, seedling regeneration of Calligonum mongolicum for ecological restoration and rehabilitation in Minqin desert oasis marginal. Minqin Shajingzi oasis-desert transitional zone in Shiyang River Basin would be selected research areas, and field investigations and laboratory surveys were carried out to research the correspondence between population characteristics, quantitative character of seedling regeneration and soil water and spatial distribution pattern on three geomorphic types (semi- fixed dunes, shifting dunes, inter- dune lowland) and micro-geography (windward slope, top, leeward slope of semi-fixed dunes and windward slope, top, leeward slope of shifting dunes). The results showed that population density, coverage of Calligonum mongolicum showed semi- fixed dunes＞inter- dune lowland＞shifting dunes. There was significant difference between semi- fixed dunes, inter- dune lowland and shifting dunes. There was significant in plant height between shifting dunes and inter-dune lowland, plant height of shifting dunes was the biggest, but plant height of interdune lowland was the smallest. There was no significant in basal diameter and new shoots among 3 geomorphic types. There was no significant in density, plant height, coverage among all parts of shifting dunes, but there was significant of inter-dune lowland, and density, plant height, coverage of top was higher than windward slope and leeward slope. Seedlings amount was shifting dunes＞semi- fixed dunes＞inter- dune lowland, seedlings amount correspond to soil water in 5-30 cm. Spatial distribution pattern was dumped in Minqin desert oasis marginal.