Abstract: The paper aims to explore the potential climatic factors of rice planting. 17 rice conservation stations’ geographical information was taken as analysis sample and the relationship model between rice planting distribution and environment factors were established according to the maximum entropy model and GIS software, to discuss the rice climatic suitability planting distribution and define the influencing climatic factors. The result showed that: accumulated temperature from 10 to 22℃, sunshine duration from April to October, days of no less than 22℃ stably and annual precipitations from April to October were major influencing factors of double rice planting distribution. Furthermore, the author used these critical factors and MaxEnt model to divide the climatic suitability of potential double rice planting regions into four levels: optimum area, suitable area, less suitable area and unsuitable area. The climatic factors affecting double rice planting were discussed in the scale of province. The study could provide reference for reasonable use of climatic resources, scientific planning of double rice planting and policy making in coping with the climate change.