Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.9 Published:07 April 2015

  Research Advances on the Effect of High Temperature Stress on Rice and Its Counter-measures Ma Yihu and Yang Xiangtian 2015, 31 (9):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2338 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 592KB )   ( 617 ) Extreme weather, especially heat injury of high temperature occurs more frequently with the increase of global warming. It would have great significance to study the mechanism of effect of high temperature on rice growth and countermeasures to reduce damage of the high temperature for promoting rice production. This paper reviewed the effects of high temperature on rice yield and grain quality and its physiological mechanism involved from the aspects of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, metabolic enzymes, hormones and resistance materials. Specific defense measures to reduce the harm of high temperature and advice for further studies were discussed with the consideration of global warming in future.

  Research Advances on Rice Bleeding Sap Chen Jiana,Xie Xiaobing,Wu Dandan and Zou Yingbin 2015, 31 (9):  9-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2340 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 475KB )   ( 759 ) Rice root bleeding sap can act as the research base of rice root activity and the diagnosis of nutritional status. There is close relationship between the bleeding sap and rice aboveground and yield. The conception of rice bleeding sap, composition ingredients, root bleeding intensity variation, influential factor and its relationship with aboveground are reviewed in this paper. Some suggestions on the rice bleeding sap including collection methods are also pointed out.

  Research Progress on the Effects of Inter-Relay Cropping Based on Maize Wang Xinxing,Rong Xiangmin,Zhang Yuping,Liu Qiang and Xie Yong 2015, 31 (9):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2267 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 570 ) This paper briefly summarized domestic and foreign researches on the effects of corn-based inter-relay cropping on nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, water use, soil microbes-enzyme activity, the control of weeds-pests, soil erosion and economic benefits, to explore an ideal inter-relay cropping mode based on maize with both economic and environmental benefit, and put forward key study points and directions of future research, such as the inter-relay cropping mode of comprehensive economic-environmental benefits and mechanisms related to intercropping.

  Effect of Rice Qualities of Super Rice ‘Yiyou 673’ in Different Sowing Sites of Fujian LI Qing-Hua,,,,, and 2015, 31 (9):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2035 Abstract + ( 1590 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 551 ) In order to promoting high grate and yield planting of super rice ‘Yiyou 673’, Through 2 years planting experiment and rice-quality test, the study was executed with ‘Yiyou 673’ as testing materials to explore the influence on Physico-chemical Properties under different Planting area. Results showed that chalkness rate was the most significantly different, CV were 69.42% and 34.50% in 2012 and 2013. chalky rice rate was the second significantly different, CV were 37.02% and 29.53%, head milled rice rate and translucent endosperm were the third significantly different, CV were 7.28% and 10.72%. alkail value and del consistency and amylose content were less significantly different, CV were 4.22%, 4.74% and 4.83% in 2012, CV were 5.73%, 7.08% and 8.65% in 2013, brown rice rate and polished rice rate were the least significantly different, CV were 1.29% and 2.24% in 2012, CV were 0.90% and 2.03% in 2013. Results also showed that during fructicative period, polished rice rate, head milled rice rate and Gel temperature were raised, and amylose content was reduced, and del consistency was shorten with the ascended of average temperature. Chalky rice rate and chalkness rate were increased gradually, polished rice rate and head milled rice rate were reduced with the ascended of daily range temperature. Among 10 test sites there are three sites their quality indexes of ‘Yiyou 673’ in Fuzhou, Putian and Zhaoan had high quality. ‘Yiyou 673’ planting along the coast of South east China on late season had high quality and commodity value. Key words: planting area; superice; ‘Yiyou 673’; rice quality; average temperature; chalkniss

  Analysis of Cadmium Accumulation Dynamics in Rice with Distinct Genotypes 2015, 31 (9):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2566 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 730KB )   ( 605 ) In order to investigate the cadmium (Cd) dynamic accumulation and distribution in different organs of 2 conventional indica rice varieties ‘Huanghuazhan’ (grain Cd low accumulation) and IR68144 (grain high Cd accumulation), Cd dynamic accumulation process in the tissues and organs of the two species in whole growth period and reproductive stage under field cultivation conditions was studied. The results indicated that most Cd of both cultivars was concentrated in the roots and stems at the mature period. Cd contents in different organs of IR68144 were higher than that of ‘Huanghuazhan’. The root and stem Cd contents of ‘Huanghuazhan’ were increased slowly in the whole growth period. However, the root Cd content of IR68144 increased firstly and then decreased, and finally rose rapidly at the late grain filling stage. And its stem Cd content first decreased and then increased. The leaves Cd contents of the two varieties showed the same trend of change before heading, but got opposite performance after heading. After flowering, flag leaf and rachis Cd content of ‘Huanghuazhan’ rose continuously, and declined at the stage of yellow ripeness. Nevertheless, flag leaf and rachis Cd content of IR68144 showed an upward tendency constantly. The Cd content of glume and brown rice of the two varieties rose roughly, and the trend of Cd contents of the two organs from the same varieties was consistent. During the development of rice grain, brown rice Cd accumulation amounts of both rice varieties were constantly improved, but more than half of the Cd accumulation amounts were finished between the 21st and 28th days after heading.

  Analysis of Blast Resistance and Genetic Background in Rice Restorer ‘Chenghui 177’ 2015, 31 (9):  31-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2356 Abstract + ( 1327 )   PDF ( 2302KB )   ( 510 ) In order to explore durable blast resistance and genetic basis of high combining ability in ‘Chenghui 177’, the resistant spectrum, blast resistance gene, and genetic background were analyzed using in vitro inoculation, gene sequencing and the polymorphism of SSR molecular markers. The resistance frequencies of ‘Chenghui 177’ against 63 isolates of rice blast and 16 differential isolates were 66.67% and 68.75%, respectively. It carried Pikm derived from Lemont which was a tropical japonica variety. The results of molecular genetic background analysis showed that, among 148 polymorphic SSR loci, ‘Chenghui 177’ had acquired respectively 70.95% and 20.95% from ‘Mianhui 502’ and Lemont. In the genome of ‘Chenghui 177’, 64% to 100% of the polymorphic SSR loci on chromosome 1-10 were derived from ‘Mianhui 502’, while Lemont was responsible for respectively 77.78% and 60.00% of the polymorphic SSR loci on chromosome 11 and 12 in ‘Chenghui 177’. The results suggested that ‘Chenghui 177’ successfully pyramided stable blast resistance of Lemont and high combining ability of ‘Mianhui 502’.

  Effects of Basic Seedling on Yield and Yield Components of Rice Variety ‘Nanjing 51’ Wang Jun,Zhong Weigong,Yang Jie,Fan Fangjun,Zhu Jinyan,Li Wenqi and Wang Fangquan 2015, 31 (9):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2239 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 668 ) The reasonable population structure is the basis of rice yield, basic seedling is an important means to regulate the population structure of rice. The purpose of this paper was to research the impact of different basic seedling on japonica rice variety ‘Nanjing 51’ yield to give theoretical support for popularization and application of ‘Nanjing 51’in large area. In the condition of high yield cultivation, the effects of different basic seedlings per hole on the yield and yield components were studied with rice varieties ‘Nanjing 51’. The results showed that the actual production of ‘Nanjing 51’ was the highest when planted four seedlings each hole under the same plant and row spacing 13.3 cm×25 cm. With the increase of the seedlings number per hole, the actual production gradually increased except five seedlings each hole. With the increase of the number of seedlings per hole, the effective panicles per unit area and seed setting rate increased gradually while grain number per panicle reduced with no differences in 1000-grain weight. Regression and path analysis of yield components and yield indicated that raising the yield of ‘Nanjing 51’ relied mainly on the increasing of grain number per panicle.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Amounts on Canopy Temperature, Solar Radiation and Blast of Rice in Yunnan Hani Terrace Lei En,Huang Xiaohui,Ma Taifang,Liu Yanhong,Guo Jianwei and Lu Haiju 2015, 31 (9):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2235 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 736KB )   ( 466 ) We conducted tests on the Hani terraced rice ‘Yuelianggu’ in order to study the effect of nitrogen on canopy day temperature, photosynthetic active radiation interception rate and rice blast, and to explore the relationship between canopy photosynthetic active radiation interception rate and rice blast, then construct the health canopy structure. The experiment consisted of six treatments, which were five different nitrogen levels and a traditional fertilization management, and carried out as a random block design experiment in field. The results showed that rice canopy day temperature reached the minimum at heading stage at the highest level of nitrogen conditions (125.0 kg/hm2), then the maximum interception ratio of canopy photosynthetic active radiation reached the maximum. The disease index of neck blast reached the maximum at medium (75.0 kg/hm2) and high level of nitrogen conditions (P＞0.05), and morbidity reached the maximum at medium level of nitrogen conditions. The morbidity, disease index and the maximum interception ratio of canopy photosynthetic active radiation had a positive correlation, and the correlation coefficients were 0.6696* and 0.7130**. Morbidity had a positive correlation with level 1 of diseased panicle proportion (r=0.7511**), but had no relationship with level 2 to level 5 of diseased panicle proportion. Disease index had a positive correlation with level 5 and level 1 of diseased panicle proportion, and the correlation coefficients were 0.6324** and 0.4936*, respectively, but had no relationship with level 2 to level 4 of diseased panicle proportion.

  Effects of Rice Direct Seeding Models on Seedling Emergence and Yield Formation in Chengdu Basin 2015, 31 (9):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2303 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 523 ) In order to study adaptability of different rice direct seeding models in Chengdu basin and determine optimal models, the effects of seedling emergence, growth and development, water use and yield formation for different direct seeding methods were studied with hybrid rice Chuanyou6203 and conventional rice Jinnongsimiao in Chengdu basin. The rice direct seeding methods included dry direct seeding with plowing, dry direct seeding with no-till and water direct seeding with plowing. The result indicated that: the difference of yield among different direct seeding methods mainly depended on numbers of productive tillers. With better seedling emergence and more panicles, the yield potential of dry direct seeding with plowing was highest than other methods. Although seedling emergence and yield of water direct seeding with plowing were lower than that of dry direct seeding with plowing, this treatment was beneficial for decreasing weeds, paddydropped seedlings and water consumption after seeding in field. With more weeds and paddy- dropped seedlings, poor seedling emergence and huge water consumption after seeding, the yield of dry direct seeding with no-till was the lowest. With plowing, dry direct seeding and water direct seeding have both advantages. But for practical production, water direct seeding was the best.

  Index Determination of Continuous Rain Disaster During the Filling Stage of Winter Wheat in Anhui Li De,Jing Yuanshu and Qi Huan 2015, 31 (9):  56-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2084 Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 666 ) The paper aims to determine the grade index of continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat. The study was conducted by using the daily meteorological observation data, continuous rain disaster samples and data during the filling stage of winter wheat in Anhui from 1980 to 2012. The authors selected 3 main disaster causing factors which were the number of rainy day, accumulative rainfall and sunshine hours of rain disaster process. Mathematical statistics method such as the principal component analysis method (PCA), ordered sample optimal segmentation method, etc. were adopted to construct continuous rain disaster comprehensive index (D), and the grade of disaster was determined with the characteristics of damage and yield loss. The results showed that continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat could be expressed by the continuous rain disaster comprehensive index (D), and could be divided into 4 levels, which was light, medium, heavy and serious. The classification threshold of corresponding continuous rain comprehensive index (D) was: ＜ 0.2, [0.2, 0.4), [0.4, 0.6), ≥ 0.6. At the same time, the morphological characteristics of each grade of continuous rain disaster were given. Through the verification of typical continuous rainy years, the continuous rain index had higher recognition ability than the single factor index, which could be used as the monitoring and evaluation business index of continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat.

  The Development of Plant Growth Regulators of Resistance to Low Temperature Stress in Wheat with the Method of Quadratic Regression Orthogonal Rotary Wu Chuanwan,, and 2015, 31 (9):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2104 Abstract + ( 710 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 595 ) The paper aims to determine the grade index of continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat. The study was conducted by using the daily meteorological observation data, continuous rain disaster samples and data during the filling stage of winter wheat in Anhui from 1980 to 2012. The authors selected 3 main disaster causing factors which were the number of rainy day, accumulative rainfall and sunshine hours of rain disaster process. Mathematical statistics method such as the principal component analysis method (PCA), ordered sample optimal segmentation method, etc. were adopted to construct continuous rain disaster comprehensive index (D), and the grade of disaster was determined with the characteristics of damage and yield loss. The results showed that continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat could be expressed by the continuous rain disaster comprehensive index (D), and could be divided into 4 levels, which was light, medium, heavy and serious. The classification threshold of corresponding continuous rain comprehensive index (D) was: ＜ 0.2, [0.2, 0.4), [0.4, 0.6), ≥ 0.6. At the same time, the morphological characteristics of each grade of continuous rain disaster were given. Through the verification of typical continuous rainy years, the continuous rain index had higher recognition ability than the single factor index, which could be used as the monitoring and evaluation business index of continuous rain disaster during the filling stage of winter wheat.

  Effect of Applying Root Promoter to Loosen Soil on Soil Improvement and Production Increase in Eastern Henan Plain Zhang Chuanzhong,Zhang Jing and Zhang Shenju 2015, 31 (9):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2642 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 526KB )   ( 574 ) In order to solve shallow topsoil, bad condition of soil physical properties and roots’ growth in wheat field due to years of rotary tillage, based on balanced fertilization and the application of national invention patent product produced by Woli agricultural technology service co., LTD in Shanqiu, we carried out the study by doing field experiments and soil analysis. After application of root promoter, soil bulk density of arable layer decreased obviously, soil became looser, soil porosity increased, permeability and soil moisture content were improved, wheat root growth environment was also improved, the root dry weight increased, and the three factors were coordinated effectively. The average number of spike increased to 635000 spike per hm2, spike grain number increased by 1.8 and thousand seed weight increased by 1.7 g. There was a curve regression relationship between wheat yield (y) and content of root promoter (x) and its effect equation was: y=8670.4257 128.6471x-3.0432x2, Ftreatment=152.43**＞F0.01=5.64；Frepeat=3.73＜F0.05=4.10. In terms of the comprehensive effect on improving the soil quality and increasing productivity, the suitable dosage of root promoter was 15-22.5 kg/hm2, it could be applied to rotary tillage wheat fields under current productive, ecological and technological conditions in the eastern Henan plain.

  The Under Film Drip Irrigation Screening Waxy Maize Varieties Comparison Test 2015, 31 (9):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2095 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 476 ) In order to select suitable for six division and range of northern xinjiang lining under drip irrigation in Xinjiang plant waxy maize varieties cold-resistance. To ‘Jinnuo10’, ‘Jindannuo 41’ and ‘Jinnuo8’, 'Hua1', 'Jinnuo 5' and 'Jinxiannuo 6' as test materials, in 2012-2013 for six consecutive waxy maize varieties comparison experiment, the growth period, quality, fresh and dry production of grains such as comparative analysis, the study selected suitable for planting waxy maize varieties border membrane under drip irrigation in Xinjiang. Results showed that, 'Jinnuo 5' had good quality, high yield, fresh ear was 30168.15 kg/hm2, produce was 11100 kg/hm2 of dry grain, ranked first in the variety of volunteers. through the experimental study on the final conclusion, 'Jinnuo 5' was suitable for film with drip irrigation of northern Xinjiang waxy maize varieties, planted in at the same time in Shanxi corn breeding waxy maize varieties grown in the northern Xinjiang.

  The Experimental Study of ‘the Fully Mechanical Inter-cropping Pattern of Summer Mazie-Mungbean’ Gong Mingbo,Song Chaoyu,Hao Junjie,Wang Shengjian,Li Hongwei,Li Zhenqing and Zhang Xiaoyan 2015, 31 (9):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1036 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 586 ) According to the requirement of fully mechanical development of maize planting, a fully mechanical inter-cropping pattern between summer maize and mungbean was innovatively designed and fully discussed to increase the yield and benefits. The theoretical basis will be provided for the modern efficient agriculture planting pattern by this research. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between the yield growing and density increasing of the summer maize as its thousand-seed weight and kernel number decreasing in this inter-cropping pattern; the yield of mungbean had no significant differences between different densities. The density of maize was the main factor which significantly affected the economical efficiency of intercropping crops. Compared to the mono-cropping, the inter-cropping of maize and mungbean increased not only the net output, but also the efficiency of land utilization. The author identified two combinations which had the highest net output, they were 75000 plants maize with 90000 plants mungbean and 75000 plants maize with105000 plants mungbean per hectare.

  Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis of Main Quantitative Character of Peanut Germplasm Resources 2015, 31 (9):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2142 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 923 ) In order to efficiently use peanut germplasm resources and provide a powerful data support to breeding program, genetic diversity and relationship of main quantitative characters were assessed with a collection of 46 peanut gemrplasm. The results showed that the peanut resources in 21 traits had significant genetic differentiation and diversity. The variant coefficient varied from 11.19% to 82.41% and diversity index varied from 0.3095 to 2.0468 with an average of 1.6805. The trends of change were on the contrary between variant coefficient and diversity indices. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation or extremely significant positive correlation between height of main stem and nodes of main stem, branch length, pod yield of one plant; the second branches and the total braches; pod number of one plant and pod yield of one plant; leaflet length and leaflet width; pod length and pod width, seed length, 100-pod weight; pod width and seed length, seed width, 100-pod weight; seed length and seed width, 100-pod weight; seed width and 100-pod weight, 100-pod weight and pod yield of one plant. These strong correlations can be used to improve the efficiency in germplasm evaluation.

  Changes of Physiological Characteristics and Yield in Peanut Varieties with Different Resistance Effected by Peanut Scab 2015, 31 (9):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2162 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 551 ) In order to identify the resistance of peanut varieties against scab disease, the changes of physiological characteristics and yield in two peanut varieties‘Heyou 13’and‘Quanhua10’with different resistance effected by peanut scab were studied in field experiment by spray. The results showed the soluble sugar increased firstly then decreased both in the resistant and susceptible peanuts after inoculation. Compared with the control, the soluble sugar of resistant peanut was higher, and that of the susceptible peanut was lower, which implied that the peanut resistance to scab was positive correlated with soluble content. The soluble protein content in leaves of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties after inoculation was higher than that of the control. The peak of soluble protein content appeared earlier in the susceptible peanut than in the resistant peanut, which indicated that the susceptible peanut were more sensitive to the pathogen than the resistant peanut. The leaf SOD activity increased firstly then decreased both in resistant and susceptible varieties lower than the susceptible varieties. With the growth process, the CAT and POD activity first decreased then increased, again decreased. Compared with the corresponding control the resistant varieties were relatively higher than the susceptible varieties, which illustrated that the protective enzymes played important roles in resistance mechanism to scab. The MDA content of two peanut varieties after inoculation increased, indicating that the plasma membrane was subject to different degrees of damage. The yield of resistant and susceptible varieties after inoculation reduced, but the yield of the susceptible peanut of‘Quanhua 10’reduced greater.

  QTL Mapping and Genetic Effect Analysis for Soybean Nodes of Main Stem Zheng Baoxiang,Liu Xinlei and Man Weiqun 2015, 31 (9):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2590 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 850KB )   ( 776 ) In this study, we used Heinong 37(Glycine max), ZYD581(Glycine soja) and their F2 and F3 as materials to locate the QTL of soybean nodes of main stem and analyze its genetic effect. The soybean genetic linkage map including 3 linkage groups was drawn, located 1 QTL related to soybean nodes of main stem on chrl linkage group. In 2007, this QTL was located between Satt238 to Satt242, the genetic distance was 0.01 cM from Satt238, 24.69 cM from Satt242, the genetic contribution rate and additive effect was 17.22% and -3.2608, respectively. In 2008, it was located between Satt240 to Satt238, the genetic distance was 0.59 cM from Satt238, 6.01 cM from Satt240, the genetic contribution rate and additive effect was 6.68% and -1.4965, respectively. The results of two years analysis showed that there were 1 QTL related to soybean nodes of main stem near Satt238.

  Evaluation and Analysis of High and Stable Yield of New Summer Soybean Varieties Regional Trial in Henan 2015, 31 (9):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2156 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 689KB )   ( 819 ) The study aims to evaluate objectively, scientifically, fair and impartially the high yield ability, genetic stability and adaptability of varieties of summer soybean in Henan Province regional trial. Regional Crop Trials Statistical Analysis System (RCTAS) was adopted to analyze and compare the high and stable yield of soybean varieties according to the summarized data from the regional trial in Henan Province in 2013, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of new soybean varieties in Henan in production and breeding. The results showed that nine new soybean varieties, including ‘Qiule 1205’, ‘Andou 5156’, ‘Zhudou 02-19’ and so on, obtained high yield which were 5% higher than that of the control ‘Yudou NO.22’; ‘Nongfeng18’, ‘Zhudou 03-56’ and ‘Zhoudou 22’ had high and stable yield while the control ‘Yudou NO.22’ had stable yield; the yield of ‘Fan 09C6’ was poor, but stability was good. The test results combined with actual performance of new soybean varieties in the field prove that RCTAS is the excellently designed statistical analysis software with close integration of theory and practice, and can be conveniently applied to regional crop trial. The experimental results also provide scientific basis for identification, screening, examination and popularization of new summer soybean varieties in Henan Province.

  Influence of Climate Change on Oilseed Rape Production in Chongqing Huang Hualei,Zhou Yan,Li Huanmei,Liu Tao,Liu Kang and Shi Youming 2015, 31 (9):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2315 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 619KB )   ( 529 ) In order to study the relationship between Chongqing special eco-climatic conditions and the development of rapeseed production based on meteorological data and rapeseed production situation in 2005-2013 in Chongqing, the authors analyzed the climate change in recent 30 years in Chongqing and its impact on rapeseed production. The results showed that: in the analysis period, Chongqing's average annual temperature change showed an ascending trend, sunshine hours showed significant decreasing trend (through the significant test at 0.05 level). Rainfall mutations occurred frequently, and the linear trend was not obvious; but rainfall between adjacent years showed significant differences, rainfall in 1998 reached 1363.5 mm which was the most in the analysis period and acted as a mutation point, then decreased. The correlation between index of sclerotinia rot and average temperature of March and April was -0.682*, reached significant level, while the correlation between index of sclerotinia rot and rainfall and sunshine hours was not obvious. Temperature had a significant negative correlation with oilseed rape area in Chongqing (P=-0.568*), but no significant correlation with yield. Sunshine hours had negative correlation (P=-0.544*) with oilseed rape yield, but no significant correlation with oilseed rape area. Linear trend of rainfall was not obvious, and the precipitation difference between adjacent years was great and its correlation with oilseed rape area and yield were not significant.

  Effects of Bio-active Humic Acid with Different Amounts of Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Rape Yields 2015, 31 (9):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2170 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 831KB )   ( 535 ) In order to study the effect of biological humic acid fertilizers with different amounts of chemical fertilizer on soil properties and crop yield, through pot experiment, we studied the biological humic acid fertilizer during growing crops on soil properties. The results showed that the bio-active humic acid fertilizer could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, and also increase the content of soil total nitrogen, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and improve soil properties and enhance rape yield. The bio-active humic acid and chemical fertilizer had significantly affected soil properties and rape yields, so the amount of chemical fertilizer on rape growth should be reduce by 20%. It was concluded that the influence of bio-active humic acid and fertilizer on rape growth was various, which meant that the bio-active humic acid and fertilizer application amount and ratio should be established with an integrated consideration of soil properties and utilization efficiency of fertilizer.

  Yeast One-hybrid Library Construction and Upstream Gene Analysis of MeAP2-2 in Cassava Under Drought Condition. 2015, 31 (9):  119-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2290 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 1919KB )   ( 722 ) In order to study the key genes and gene regulatory network in the leaf abscission zone under drought condition in cassava, we used cassava SC5 as experimental material, Matchmaker Gold Yeast OneHybrid Library Screening System was employed in this study. Bait yeast strain was constructed by synthesizing oligonucleotides containing three tandem copies of core element sequences of phytohormone and stress and integrating it into the genome of yeast. The cDNA for abscission zone of cassava under drought stress was synthesized via SMART technology and co-transformed into bait yeast strain with pGADT7-Rec vector; onehybrid cDNA library was simultaneously constructed and screened directly in yeast as a result of in vivo plasmid recombination. cDNA inserts in positive clones was amplified by yeast colony PCR and analyzed through JGI database Blast after sequencing. The estimated cDNA library storage capacity is almost 1.5×106, and inserted PCR fragments sizes are 250-3000 bp. The positive yeast colonies are harvested and cultured for extracting the plasmid, followed by PCR and sequencing analysis. Several genes are screened out such as Metallothionein protein, Core histone protein, and Heavy-metal-associated protein. QPCR indicates that the candidate genes have the same expression patterns with the MeAP2- 2 in response to drought stress. This research has laid the fundament in applying yeast one hybrid method to study signal transduction pathway of abscission zone development in cassava.

  Influence of Planting Density on Yield and Yield Composition of Tartary Buckwheat ‘Yunqiao 1’ Li Chunhua,Wang Yanqing,Lu Wenjie and Wang Lihua 2015, 31 (9):  128-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2296 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 501 ) To explore the influence of planting density on yield and yield composition of tartary buckwheat [Pagopyrumta taricum (L.)] of late sowing cultivation in Yunnan, we took ‘Yunqiao 1’ , which accounted for the largest planting area in the province, as the material to conduct the test. The design included 4 different densities (7.0×105, 9.5×105,12.0×105,14.5×105 plants per hm2) of tartary buckwheat. The results showed that: in late sowing cultivation, planting density had no significant effect on the botanic characters such as plant height, first branch number, node number of main stem, but there were significant differences in yield; yield of 14.5×105 plants/hm2 planting density was the highest, up to 2424.17 kg/hm2. Therefore, the most suitable planting density of ‘Yunqiao 1’ in Yunnan autumn sowing area is 14.5×105 plants/hm2.

  Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Lodging Resistance on the New Sweet Sorghum Lines Zhang Yang,Zhao Weijun,Chang Yuhui,Shao Rongfeng and Wang Huayun 2015, 31 (9):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2344 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 570 ) In order for the lodging of sweet sorghum -depth study, 66 sweet sorghum strains were investigated and studied in this paper, and the identification and evaluation of sweet sorghum lodging was conducted by using cluster analysis, factor analysis and analysis of genetic diversity. The results showed that, the strains had significant differences and abundant genetic diversities. Clustering analysis showed that, strains were divided into seven groups in the genetic distance of 1.955, most of the strains were concentrated in the second group. Correlation analysis of agronomic characters showed that, stem diameter and center of gravity height ratio were main characters of sweet sorghum. According to the evaluation standard of energy using sweet sorghum: stem juice rate was 45% or higher, stem SAP mixed hammer (Bx) was 15% or higher, stem diameter was 1.90 cm or more, the center of gravity height ratio was 0.445 or less, the lodging resistance grade was 6 or less, ‘7050 B×8000 za-1B’ had the best comprehensive performance, and it could be used in the production and breeding.

  Variation characteristics and possible effect of cloud and fog in growth period of tea plants 2015, 31 (9):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100085 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 2202KB )   ( 547 ) Based on the scientific fact that climate resources and agricultural climate resources changed significantly and cloud and fog is the key meteorological factors that influences the quality of tea during tea growing period under the background of climate warming, the temporal and spatial variation of cloud and fog during different tea growing period (spring, summer, autumn) are analyzed by using the ground observation data from 81 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2010 in Guizhou Province. The results indicate that, the distribution of total cloud amount and percentage of the number of fog days in the study area showed a reducing trend from southeast to northwest during spring tea period, the total cloud amount was increased from the southeast to the northwest during summer tea period, while the total cloud amount during autumn tea period was decreasing from the northwest to southeast; The total cloud amount in summer tea period accounts for most in tea growing period, followed by spring tea and autumn tea, and the difference between the regions was generally smaller in these three period; The average of total cloud amount in spring, summer and autumn period all showed a decreasing trend form 1961 to 2010, the biggest decrease period was in autumn tea (-1.1% / 10a), followed by the summer tea (-0.5% / 10a) and spring tea (-0.17% / 10a).The largest percentage of the number of fog days was in autumn tea period, followed by spring and summer tea period, and the regional differences were larger in these three period. The percentage of the number of fog days showed an increasing trend for spring tea, summer tea, autumn tea, and winter tea, the climate trend rate was 5.1% /10a, 6.9%/10a and 7.2%/10a, respectively. Decrease of total cloud amount and the increase of the fog days during tea growing period in the study area will have a corresponding impact on variety screening, structural adjustment, as well as the tea yield and quality etc.

  Influence of Drip Irrigation Under Mulch of Cotton Agronomic Characters and Yield on Depth of Ploughing 2015, 31 (9):  147-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2024 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 466 ) In order to ascertain the ploughing depth influence on cotton growth under membrane with drip rrigation in Xinjiang, the authors set the depth of ploughing of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm as three treatments, tudied of different depth of ploughing on agronomic characters and yield of cotton. The results showed that, epth of ploughing affected cotton development process significantly, the whole development process of loughing 30 cm and 50 cm were 20 and 25 days longer than that of ploughing 10cm. Depth of ploughing at the same time increased the cotton plant height, branch, main stem leaf and boll per plant significantly, and LAI increased as well. With increase of ploughing depth, the lower boll ratio of cotton decreased, and the upper fluid ratio increased significantly. Cotton lint yield increased significantly, lint yield of ploughing 30 cm was 52.9% more than 10 cm and lint yield of ploughing 50 cm was 9.2% higher than 30 cm. The number of boll per plant was the main cause of lint yield increase. Based on the results, deep ploughing was helpful for cotton growth and yield increase on continuous cropping in cotton field.

  The Study on the Growth Characters, Yield and Planting Benefit of Cotton with Different Seeding-raising Methods in the Coastal Saline Land Region 2015, 31 (9):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2096 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 532 ) In order to find out a better method of cotton seedling-raising, field experiments with four different seedling-raising methods [substrate seedling-raising and transplanting with substrate method (SSTS), floating seedling-nursing in nutrient water-bed method (FSNW), soilless seedling-raising and transplanting without carrier (SSTC), nutrition pot raised seedling method (NPRS)] were carried out in the coastal saline land region in Dafeng in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that, the best quality seedling was NPRS, the poorest quality seedling was SSTC. The FSNW had the shortest growth recovery period, and the SSTC had the longest growth recovery period. The growth characters of three simple methods were all lower than that of NPRS. The three simple methods were cost saving, but the benefit was also decreased because of the decreased cotton yield.

  Banding phosphorus as seed manure enhances root activity and seed yield of cotton 2015, 31 (9):  158-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2580 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 460KB )   ( 704 ) In order to improve the efficiency of phosphorous fertilizer and cotton yield. The root activity and seed yield with banding phosphorus as seed manure in cotton were studied in the field. The results showed compared with farmer applying fertilizer manner, the root activity and yield increased by 1.7 times and 14.5% respectively, Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity increased by 38.0% and 14.5% respectively. This study showed that banding phosphorus as seed manure not only increased the root activity and cotton yield, but also increased the efficiency of phosphorous fertilizer.

  Research Progress of Transgenic Maize in Molecular Farming Wang Liangfa,Guo Minhua,Yang Meili,Xu Guoju,Zhang Jinkui,Wang Haijun,Lu Ruiqian,Li Changjian and Li Fengzhang 2015, 31 (9):  162-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2307 Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 1306 ) Plant transgenic technology is a novel way in crop genetic improvement. In recent years, with the diversification and maturation of plant bioreactor technology, taking maize as molecular plants to synthesize high-value molecules becomes the focus of research. In this article, we look at the plant reactor of corn for the production of sugar, essential amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid, vitamin, trace element, enzyme, vaccine, antibodie and other high value molecule metabolites. It would be helpful for scientists who are working on this field.

  The Review of Plant Moisture Content Detection 陆元洲,, and 2015, 31 (9):  168-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100128 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 1080 ) Moisture is one of the elements of plant growth and development. Detection and diagnosis of plant’s moisture content is an important research topic in botany, agriculture, forestry and other fields. By detecting the moisture content, the scientists can know the state of the plant’s growth, menstrual cycles for learning the relationship of moisture content and plant growth. Through detecting plant’s specific traits index and comparing it with the same kind index which was gotten from the plants that grow up in normal environment is the main way of plant’s moisture content detection. Science and technology always shows up before method. With the development of plant physiology, biochemistry and the improvement of the technology of sensor and detection, scientists have developed a large number of methods which are used for the detection of plant moisture content. At the beginning, scientists directly showed the content of plant moisture by detecting the cell sap concentration. But the way is full of discommodiousness and hard to carry out in the outdoor environment. Then, scientists got the content of plant moisture indirectly by detecting plant transpiration rate, stem flow velocity, leaf water potential, crown layer temperature, stem diameter, and the changes of the specific chemicals content in plants, etc. Up to now, new approaches of the plant’s moisture content detection called machine vision which is based on images and spectral analysis become the major ways for scientific activity. This paper introduced some primary ways and principles of plant water content on the basis of full research studies and literatures at home and abroad, and analyzed their advantages and weaknesses, tried to grasp the trends and research directions of plant moisture detection, provided a useful reference for related research and application.

  Cloning and Analysis of PEAMT Gene in Suaeda glauca 2015, 31 (9):  178-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110137 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 773KB )   ( 682 ) Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT) is the key enzyme for phosphocholine. A new gene, named SgPEAMT, was cloned by RT- PCR from Suaeda glauca, which was a typical halophyte. Bioinformatics analysis showed that SgPEAMT encoded 494 amino acids. Hydrophobic analysis indicated that SgPEAMT was a hydrophilic protein and located in cytoplasm. SgPEAMT contained two Sadenosylmethionine-dependent catalyzing domain which contained four motifs, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analyses revealed that the amino acid sequence encoded by SgPEAMT gene was highly homologous to PEAMTs from other Suaeda species. Furthermore, SgPEAMT gene expression patterns in response to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots, stems, and leaves of Suaeda glauca were investigated using real time quantitative PCR, which indicated SgPEAMT gene probably played an important role in response of salt stress in Suaeda glauca. The research laid a foundation to further study the PEAMT function and salt resistance mechanism in Suaeda glauca.

  Cloning of Pear Chitinase Gene and Bioinformatics Analysis 2015, 31 (9):  184-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120083 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1008KB )   ( 704 ) The pear chitinase gene Lchi1 was cloned and the gene related information of the bioinformatics was analyzed. Thus it could provide a theoretical basis for the identification of gene function, and provide a source of gene for pear resistance breeding. According to the conserved sequence of the plant chitinase gene in Genbank, blast was carried out in the pear genome database, and retrieved the DNA sequence. Primers were designed according to the DNA sequence. cDNA fragments of chitinase gene was amplified from ‘Xiao Xiang Shui’(Pyrus ussuriensis cv. Xiaoxiangshui). Bioinformatics analysis was also done. The DNA sequence was 2535bp including three exon regions and two intron regions. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full length of Lchi1 gene was 1300 bp and it contained a complete ORF which encoded 322 amino acids. The predicted protein’s molecular formula was C1607H2407N415O468S17, whose relative molecular mass was 35573.3 Da and isoelectric point was 7.10. The secondary structure of the protein mainly included random coil and α-helix. Tertiary structure was highly conservative. It was predicted that the protein was soluble and extracellular protein, and there were a small amount of potential phosphorylation sites. The protein belonged to glycoside hydrolase 19 family, and there was a signal peptide and no chitin binding domain. Lchi1 gene belonged to CLASSⅡ chitinase gene, which was highly conservative among chitinases from other different plant species.

  Effects of UV Radiation on the Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Narcissus tazetta Linn.var. chinensis 2015, 31 (9):  194-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110048 Abstract + ( 654 )   PDF ( 781KB )   ( 536 ) This paper studied the changes under UV radiation of physiological and biochemical indexes in the N. tazetta Linn.var.chinensis stems and leaves, and provided a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of island plants. In this experiment, the time of UV irradiation set up on the 3 gradient, 2, 12, 24h, 0h as control group. We were measured the SOD, POD, MDA, proline, electric conductivity, soluble protein, soluble sugar and chlorophyll other physiological and biochemical indexes of N. tazetta Linn.var.chinensis stems and leaves. The results showed that: with the time of UV-B expanding, the activity of SOD and POD in both stems and leaves were rise at first, and then drop, when the time up to 2 h, it the activity reached the highest. The activity of POD in stems is lower than leaves significantly. The proline, soluble sugar, MDA concentration and conductivity of Stems and leaves increased with prolonged UV radiation time. The contents of soluble protein in both leaves and stems were rise at first and then drop, the highest when the effect time for 12 h. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were rise at first, and then rise, when the time up to 2 h, the contents of Chlorophyll a reached the highest. A comprehensive study that, under the ultraviolet radiation in 2~12h between, N. tazetta Linn.var.chinensis stems and leaves had stronger anti UV radiation characteristic, It could effectively relieve the ultraviolet radiation on the damage by itself.

  The Application Progress of DSSAT in Field of Agriculture and Climate Change in China 2015, 31 (9):  200-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120003 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 848 ) In order to master the application progress of Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) in the field of agriculture and climate change research, better for the future model of the impact of climate change on the agricultural production in the assessment and adaptation should be used in the study, the paper research and the domestic practice as the foundation, through the relevant research case, methods and results of application of carding model, from the localization to verify the validity of DSSAT model, database construction, parameter correction and optimization scheme, climate change impact assessment and adaptation should be used comprehensively summarized the progress in the application of the model. The results show that: the DSSAT model has been widely applied in our country, including the different regions and different crops; more research by using DSSAT to study climate change model for agricultural production, the research result is rich. But the model in the application of existing research methods and results more decentralized, application of crop species Co., data needs abundant experimental data limited, these all need in future research and constantly improve the solution.

  Assessment of Potential Ecological Risk of Sludge in Land Use 2015, 31 (9):  207-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120042 Abstract + ( 781 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 690 ) In order to assess the potential ecological environmental risk of sludge use on soil, the author analyzed 7 kinds of heavy metal (As、 Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni、 Pb and Zn) in sludge application area and control area, analyzed and evaluated heavy metal contamination in sludge application area through the methods of geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that: the heavy metal contents were larger than background value except Ni and Pb; there was significant difference of heavy metal content between sludge application area and control area, but the average content was within the range of soil environmental quality level II. According to the geo-accumulation index, soil environment quality was in no pollution state; heavy metals’potential ecological risk was in low pollution status except Cd, Cd was in moderate or above pollution status in some areas. In conclusion, considering the impact of enrichment and biological toxicity of heavy metal, the potential ecological risk index was more accurate.

  Distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and salt content Of Northwest arid region in our country——With the industrial park in Gansu as an example 2015, 31 (9):  212-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1092 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 467KB )   ( 2192 ) According to the poor nutrient and soil salinization of Wuwei industrial park in Gansu in northwest arid region, the author collected a large number of samples in the region and measured the soil salinity and nutrient content in 0-20 cm. By the statistical analysis and comparison the values of the water content, pH, salinity, organic matter and available nitrogen phosphorus and potassium (NPK). The results indicated that: (1) in the sample region, besides the low water content, the degree of soil salinization was predominant and the majority of soil belonged to the moderate or severe saline-alkali land. (2) Dued to the low nutrient content, the soil was relatively poor. There were obvious differences between the soil organic matter and the available NPK. In short, the nitrogen contents of the soil in the region were seriously rare. The available phosphorus contents were at a moderate or deficient level, and the available potassium contents were at a sufficient level or an adequate level. As a final statement, the author suggested that the applications of the physical, chemical and biological measurement could reduce the degree of soil salinity. At the same time, it was proposed that there were many methods to improve soil fertility, such as, the proper use of organic, nitrogen and phosphorous and potassium fertilizers.

  Researches on Microbial Community Structure and Function in Desert Soil under Microbial Fertilizer 2015, 31 (9):  216-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010125 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 825KB )   ( 636 ) In order to explore the influence of micro drip bio-bacterial manure on soil, the author took desert soil as example, which had been treated with micro drip bio- bacterial manure dispose and after cotton cultivation, to conduct the research. The effects of microbial agents with 4 different concentrations (A, R, G and K) were studied through conventional dilution- plate method and Biolog- Eco system, and its effects on the microbial community structure and functional diversity were analyzed. The results showed that the order of microorganisms in different treatments was bacteria＞fungi＞actinomycete. AWCD increased 3.7% to 25.6%. Different bio- bacterial manure influenced the characteristics of different soil microbial communities differently. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that carbon source of carbohydrate was an important index of this variation. The results could provide certain references for the application of micro drip biobacterial manure and the evaluation of microbial community structure in desert soil.

  Effects of Conservation Tillage on the Content of Carbon, Nitrogen in Fluvo-aquic Soil 2015, 31 (9):  224-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120093 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 501 ) The paper aims to verify organic carbon cycle under conservation tillage condition and the promotion mechanism of soil fertility, and offer scientific theory support for the popularization and application of conservation tillage techniques. The author investigated effects of different tillage treatments on the content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen and different components of them in fluvo-aquic soil based on a longterm experiment site of conservation tillage. The author revealed effects of conservation tillage on the content of carbon, nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil by studying the distribution of soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, liable carbon in different soil depth under different tillage treatments. The research results showed that: compared to conventional tillage treatment, content of soil total organic carbon under intermittent tillage (tillage once every 2 or 4 years) and notillage treatment were improved by 2.40%、 2.80% and 16.00%, respectively, and content of soil total nitrogen were improved by - 1.23%, 1.32% and 11.11%, respectively. Content of soil total organic carbon and total nitrogen in 10-20 cm soil layer under no-tillage treatment were significantly lower than that under the other treatments. Under the condition of straw returned, intermittent tillage and no- tillage could significantly improve the content of soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil. Compared to conventional tillage treatment, content of soil microbial biomass carbon and liable carbon in 0-5 cm soil under intermittent tillage and no-tillage were improved in varying degrees. Content of soil microbial biomass carbon in 10-20 cm soil layer under no-tillage treatment was significantly lower than that under the other treatments. Straw returning had improved the content of soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and other components of active organic carbon in varying degrees. In general, conservation tillage measures could increase carbon and nitrogen storage in 0-5 cm soil layer, the negative effects of“nutrients enrichment in surface”under no-tillage condition could be ameliorated by intermittent tillage.

  Mechanism of greenhouse gas emissions fromthe soil of agro-ecosystem in arid regions 2015, 31 (9):  231-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120118 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 726 ) As the main greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4 and N2O play important contribution to the global warming. Especially, agriculture as an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, plays an immeasurable role on the global warming. In general, the agroecosystem is atmospheric CO2 and N2O emission source, the dry land such as loess plateau is the sink of CH4. CO2 emissions mainly includ the respiration of plant and soil. CH4 emissions includ two process of reduction and oxidation of CH4. N2O emissions includ nitrification and denitrification of two processes. Soil microbes, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil texture, fertilizing etc affect release and absorption of greenhouse gas from different angles. In recent years, some conservation tillage technology such as no-tillage, straw turnover and plastic mulches had been widespread applied in the agro-ecosystem in arid regions. The no-tillage can reduce emissions of CO2 and N2O, an increase the uptake of CH4 in soil. Straw turnover promoted the CO2 emissions and inhibited CH4 absorption, while mulches promoted CH4 absorption and inhibited CO2 emissions. To provide more accurate theoretical basis for the global climate warming, a key research should be focused onstrengthening deeper and more comprehensive research on greenhouse gas emissions of agroecosystem in arid land in the future.

  Analysis on the countermeasures and the potentiality of Artificial Precipitation Enhancement in Fuxin 2015, 31 (9):  237-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120204 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 1024KB )   ( 562 ) For developing cloud water resources and increasing the total precipitation effectively，according to the principles of artificial precipitation enhancement，and based on the historical weather and live precipitation data from Fuxin National Basic Meteorological Stations Between 1981 and 2010, the research was conducted to analyze the cloud water resource distribution characteristics and the countermeasures and potentiality of artificial precipitation enhancement in Fuxin City of Liaoning Province. The experiment results showed that ：(1) Fuxin region had an average annual total cloud water resources of 238.4 × 108 m3, while the actual average annual rainfall was only 471.8mm, that was equivalent to 47.2 × 108 m3 water resources, only 16.5 percent of total cloud water resources. Therefor, Fuxin region has great artificial precipitation potency;(2) The author carried out 12 times of artificial precipitation enhancement operation experiment by using the weather model and technical indexes above that were suitable for Fuxin region. The artificial precipitation efficiency was 17.8% on average, 5.2% higher than before, and the average annual precipitation could be increased 2.5×108 m3 approximately. All of these have a great sense for guiding Fuxin region to carry out artificial precipitation operation, maximize the development of air cloud water resources, increase the total precipitation and mitigate drought both scientifically and effectively.

  Research on Double Rice Climatic Suitability Planting Regions Based on MaxEnt Model in Hunan Xie Baicheng,Du Dongsheng,Lu Kudong,Duan Juqi and Liu Fulai 2015, 31 (9):  247-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1811 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 563 ) The paper aims to explore the potential climatic factors of rice planting. 17 rice conservation stations’ geographical information was taken as analysis sample and the relationship model between rice planting distribution and environment factors were established according to the maximum entropy model and GIS software, to discuss the rice climatic suitability planting distribution and define the influencing climatic factors. The result showed that: accumulated temperature from 10 to 22℃, sunshine duration from April to October, days of no less than 22℃ stably and annual precipitations from April to October were major influencing factors of double rice planting distribution. Furthermore, the author used these critical factors and MaxEnt model to divide the climatic suitability of potential double rice planting regions into four levels: optimum area, suitable area, less suitable area and unsuitable area. The climatic factors affecting double rice planting were discussed in the scale of province. The study could provide reference for reasonable use of climatic resources, scientific planning of double rice planting and policy making in coping with the climate change.

  Three Agro-meteorological Drought Indices and Their Revised Applications 2015, 31 (9):  252-256.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2619 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 883 ) An agro-meteorological drought index suitable for various situations is impossible. Any drought index has its limitations. Many researchers revised and improved the regular agro-meteorological drought index in their studies in order to get more accurately describe of the occurrence of drought. In this study, basic principles and revised applications of three frequently-used drought indices are introduced. They are precipitation anomaly percentage, Palmer drought index and CI drought composite index. The purpose of this study is providing an idea for the further studies.

  Analysis of flavonol glycosides in Folium Ginkgo by UPLC-UV 2015, 31 (9):  257-260.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010004 Abstract + ( 700 )   PDF ( 523KB )   ( 584 ) In order to compare the contents of flavonol glycosides in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. from different species in the southwest of hubei province, the analysis of flavonol glycosides in Folium Ginkgo by UPLC-UV was studied. The separation was performed on a ZORBAX 2.1×50mm 1.8 Micron C-18 column with acetonitrile 0.1%( formic acid: water) (with gradient) as mobile phase at a gradient flow-rate of 0.3-0.35 mL.min-1 within 7 minutes, and the column temperature of 30℃, as the detector,Sthe DAD detection wavelength was 360nm,Squalitative analysis bySretention time and quantitativeSanalysis bySpeak area. The methodSseparated three kinds ofSflavonoid glycoside within 5 minutes. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1-12μg.mL-1, with R2 being 0.9999 and RSD being less more than 2.5%. This method is easy, rapid, accurate and suitable for the quantitative analysis of flavonol glycosides. Among the different species, the maximum contents of flavonol glycosides were found in the EnG2 species. All varieties of quercetin levels were low while isorhamnetin occupy a higher proportion.

  Effects of Optimum Extraction and Drying Process on GABA content of GABA Instant Black Tea 李赟,,, and 黄亚辉 2015, 31 (9):  261-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2608 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 1013 ) To investigate the extracting conditions and drying process on GABA instant tea, taking ‘Jin Xuan’ varieties as raw material to GABA black tea, water as extraction solvent, orthogonal array design was used to optimize the extraction parameters of GABA instant black tea. On the basis of the optimum extraction process conditions, the effects of spray drying and freeze-drying on GABA instant black tea was investigated. Taking GABA content as the main evaluation index, the optimum technological conditions for GABA instant black tea was as followed: 90℃ as extraction temperature，extraction of tea for 15 min, 1 to 15 as ratio of tea to water, freeze-drying. GABA instant black tea with 10.11 mg/g GABA was achieved under this condition. With high yield GABA, this process could be helpful to the efficient producing GABA instant-tea in industry.

  Construction of Regional Quality and Safety Monitoring System of Agro-Products Based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Principles: A Case Study of Rice 2015, 31 (9):  267-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120038 Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 506KB )   ( 634 ) Because of the opening- up production environment and uncontrolled production behavior in the production process of agro-products, China must build a regional agro-products quality and safety supervision mode suitable for China’ s national conditions to improve the capability of the government’ s monitoring of the quality and safety of agro-products. In this paper, the HACCP principles were applied to a case study of rice production process to identify critical points of controlling the potential risk factors which includes biological factors, chemical factors and physical factors. The results showed that field selection, field management, exit from the production place, entrance to the market and so on were critical control points for ensuring the quality and safety of rice. According to the critical control points, the corresponding monitoring system, rectification program and verification program were proposed. The proposed monitoring system possessed four levels: township agro- products quality and safety supervision station, county agro- products quality and safety supervision/testing station, prefecture/city agro- products quality and safety supervision/testing center and provincial agro-products quality and safety testing/evaluation/early-warning center. The four levels formed a monitoring system with provincial centers as the pillar, prefecture/city and county centers as the mainstay, township stations as the foundation. In conclusion, through the continuous and dynamic supervision, testing, evaluation and early warning of the quality and safety risk factors of agro-products, the regional agro-products quality and safety risk hazard could be effectively controlled in the acceptable range.

  Study on Evaluation of the County Economic Objective Evaluation Index System——Taking Yantai City as an Example 2015, 31 (9):  273-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100083 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 615 ) In order to explore the methods of the county economic evaluation and fill the blank of the relevant research, this paper selected 3 first grade indexes, 12 second grade indexes to construct the objective evaluation index system about county’s economic development of Yantai City. This paper used the comprehensive index measuring method, to research the basic situation of the county economic development during 2010-2013 in Haiyang, Penglai, Qixia, Changdao, Zhaoyuan and Laizhou of Yantai City. It was founded that the overall situation of county economy in Yantai was as follows: Qixia scored the highest for 0.1084, followed by Haiyang, Laizhou, Penglai and Zhaoyuan, while Changdao scored the minimum for 0.03293. For the years in the study, the highest score was in 2012, followed by 2013, 2010, the lowest score was in 2011. In the first grade indexes, the score of people's living was the highest, followed by economic growth, while economic structure presented the lowest score. In the second grade indexes， the scores of X2 to X9 did not change basically, the scores of X10 to X12 showed a rising trend. The level of county economic development of Yantai had differences, the development between the counties and the indexes at all grades did not balance. So the economic structure needs further adjustment, and this paper put forward some suggestions to accelerate the development of county economy.

  Research on the Influence Factors of the Growth on Family Farm Based on Resource-based View Ping Ying,Wang Peng and Xu Jie 2015, 31 (9):  279-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110045 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 727 ) In order to recognize all influence factors of the growth of family farm and their weights comprehensively and accurately, and instruct Chinese government and famers to take the most effective measures to cultivate and manage family farms, this article established the analysis model of influence factors of growth on family farm based on resource-based view and analytic hierarchy process theory. Then the influence factors were calculated and analyzed by the survey in Songjiang district. The results showed that the analysis model of the influence factors of the growth on family farm established based on the resource-based theory and analytic hierarchy process theory was scientific and reasonable. Among the primary factors, material capital resource was the most important factor to family farm at the present stage, organizational capital resource was the second important factor. Human capital resource was the relative unimportant factor at present. In the secondary factors, land capital was the most important factor influencing the growth of family farm, followed by brand advantage, financial capital, infrastructural capital, scientific and technological capital. Other factors had certain influence on the family farm but were relatively light at present. Finally, according to the results, the article put forward countermeasures and suggestions such as increasing the land circulation time, building brand advantage positively, broadening the financing channels of family farm, improving agricultural production infrastructure and introducing advanced science and technology from the two views of the government and farmers.

  Studies on Vegetable Price Fluctuation Law in TianJin and Short term prediction-- Based on seasonal adjustment and prediction of time series 2015, 31 (9):  286-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2043 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 637KB )   ( 590 ) Fluctuation of vegetable price is not only the focus of the public, but also the basis for farmers’ arranging production. The studies on the fluctuation law have practical significance. By using Census X-12 method and H-P filtering method, this paper analyzes the fluctuation law of 8 vegetable wholesale prices in Tianjin from 2007 to 2013. The results show that, under the influence of the production, circulation, season, climate and multiple factors, the overall price of vegetables changes in rising trend, seasonally fluctuated obviously and are affected remarkably by natural disasters and other unexpected factors, vegetable prices were recurring cycle features of "two years rise and a year falls" . According to the results of seasonal adjustment, we make model to forecast 2014 vegetable prices trend in the paper, and the prediction results are in good agreement with the actual.