Abstract: In order to ascertain the ploughing depth influence on cotton growth under membrane with drip rrigation in Xinjiang, the authors set the depth of ploughing of 10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm as three treatments, tudied of different depth of ploughing on agronomic characters and yield of cotton. The results showed that, epth of ploughing affected cotton development process significantly, the whole development process of loughing 30 cm and 50 cm were 20 and 25 days longer than that of ploughing 10cm. Depth of ploughing at the same time increased the cotton plant height, branch, main stem leaf and boll per plant significantly, and LAI increased as well. With increase of ploughing depth, the lower boll ratio of cotton decreased, and the upper fluid ratio increased significantly. Cotton lint yield increased significantly, lint yield of ploughing 30 cm was 52.9% more than 10 cm and lint yield of ploughing 50 cm was 9.2% higher than 30 cm. The number of boll per plant was the main cause of lint yield increase. Based on the results, deep ploughing was helpful for cotton growth and yield increase on continuous cropping in cotton field.