Abstract: In order to study the dynamic evolution of the vulnerability of rural water resources system in Hengyang Basin, by collecting required data of the research through RS, building the spatial model and conducting the spatial analysis with GIS, the authors constructed a mathematical model to extract the changing information and generated the changing layers about burden vulnerability of water resource system in Hengyang Basin to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of burden vulnerability of water resources system and the changing trend during recent two decades in this area. After the careful research and detailed analysis, this essay draws the conclusions as below: firstly, the water resource system in Hengyang Basin has become much more vulnerable in recent two decades. 26.1% of regional burden vulnerability index has an apparent increase while there is a little decrease in this index. Secondly, the variation districts of burden vulnerability index in Hengyang Basin are apparently distinctive. The middle area is strong and the surrounding area is weak, the north area is strong and the south area is weak. Thirdly, the variation period of burden vulnerability index presents a typical character of sharply increase, especially in the ending period of 2005-2010. Finally, from the perspective of changing trend, the burden vulnerability index in regional water resource shows two main types of variation: the stability type and the fluctuation type. The sustainable increase and monotonic decrease are seldom seen in Hengyang Basin.