Abstract: In order to research the vegetation restoration and use the resources reasonably, using the theory of species diversity and the dynamics of nutrient, the author studied the variation characteristics and correlation of vegetation succession process and soil nutrients. The result showed that during the process of vegetation succession in abandoned land in Minqin Oasis, the vegetation succession could be divided into stages as: vegetation restoration (1-3 years after farmland abandoning), succession of perennial herb (3-8 years after farmland abandoning), succession of perennial shrub (8-24 years after farmland abandoning) and stable stage of perennial shrub (24-31 years after farmland abandoning). Species diversity also presented certain regularity: the species richness index, the species diversity index, Shannon diversity index and superiority index presented a reducing tendency during the process of vegetation restoration; whereas the Pielou and Alatalo index presented a fluctuating increasing trend. Soil nutrition presented a tendency of consumption-accumulation-stability during the process of vegetation succession. There was less consumption of K and P at the initial stage, whereas there was more consumption of soil nutrition at the middle stage, and the soil nutrition was accumulated at the later stage and became stable. There was correlation between the species diversity and soil nutrition. Margalef index was significantly correlated with effective K and N. Simpson and Shannon-wiener index were significantly and negatively correlated with effective K, the community superiority index was significantly correlated with effective K, Pielou and Alatulo index were significantly and negatively correlated with total N and organic matter.