Abstract: In order to improve the fertilizer utilization ratio and reduce non-point source pollution by guiding farmers to scientific fertilization, phosphorus and potassium nutrient abundant-lack index were explored in Minqing County. According to the implementation of the national soil testing fertilizer project in 60 “3414” field experiments from 2007-2012, it was concluded that the yield of early rice, late rice and single seasonal rice of P fertilization was improved averagely by 3.8%, 3.2% and 3.7%, respectively, weighted average was 3.5%; and the yield of early rice, late rice and single seasonal rice of K fertilization was improved averagely by 4.6%, 8.0% and 6.9%, respectively, weighted average was 6.8%. There was a significant logarithm fitting relationship between available P, available K and corresponding relative deficiency/balanced fertilization rice, respectively. Based on relative yield 0.95 abundant-lack critical standard, lack critical index of available P in early rice, late rice and single seasonal rice was 9.3 mg/kg, 16.9 mg/kg and 11.1 mg/kg, respectively, the weighted average was 12.8 mg/kg; and lack critical index of available K in early rice, late rice and single seasonal rice was 60.4 mg/kg, 71.2 mg/kg and 66.4 mg/kg, respectively, the weighted average was 66.9 mg/kg. Compared to the basic abundant-lack critical index of phosphorus and potassium formulated by soil fertilizer technical expert group for the fourth time, available P was at the same level, but available K was 13.1 mg/kg lower than the formulated index. The above showed that the yield increase effect of K was more obvious than that of P fertilizer in Minqing County, and the application focus of K fertilizer was in the paddy field whose available K of soil was below 67 mg/kg.