Abstract: Chemotaxis of bacteria refers to the response of some bacteria who own the athletic ability to a concentration gradient of a chemical attractant or repellent. In order to study the progress of bacterial chemotaxis, this paper focuses on the movement of bacterial chemotaxis, the molecular mechanism of chemotaxis, the role of chemotaxis in the pathogenesis and the significance of the bacterial chemotaxis in disease control. Movements of this bacterium include swimming and rolling which are regulated by the contrarotation and clockwise rotation of flagellum. Motile bacterial often use sophisticated chemotaxis signaling system to direct their movements. In general, bacterial chemotactic signal transduction pathways have three basic elements: (1) signal reception by bacterial chemoreceptors located on the membrane; (2) signal transduction to relay the signals from membrane receptors to the motor; and (3) signal adaptation to desensitize the initial signal input.