Abstract: Henan Province is one of the big agricultural provinces and commodity grain production bases in China. At the same time, its capacity of farming activity to resist natural calamities is low. In order to understand the rule of climate changes, increase the accuracy of forecast and reduce the damage, intensive study on temperature variation in Henan Province is needed. The monthly average temperature of 17 observation stations in Henan Province during 1961-2013 were selected as study objects in this paper, the author conducted the research by analyzing the temperature variation characteristics from spatial and temporal aspects, using Mann-Kendall test, R/S analysis, and inverse distance weighted methods. The results showed that: (1) the average temperature of year, spring, autumn, winter and January presented an increasing trend during the past 53 years, and the average temperature of summer and July decreased; (2) the average temperature of year, spring and autumn abruptly rose at 1990s, and the winter abrupt change occurred in 1984; the average temperature of year, spring, autumn and winter indicated a remarkably increasing trend during 2000- 2013; (3) warming trend in Henan Province would go on in the future through R/S analysis; (4) the distribution of annual and seasonal average temperature implied that there were two important zonality rules in geography, the rate of temperature was lower in the high altitude, and the rate was higher in the low altitude; the rates of annual and seasonal average temperature were all the highest in Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Xinxiang Area, which meant that the temperature rising was relate to the humans activity; (5) in the past 53 years, the 0℃ isotherm of January was with large amplitude and located in the north of the Huaihe River, it could not reflect the actual conditions. So it should be cautious when using the 0℃ isotherm of January as the boundary of southern and northern in the future.