Abstract: Erianthus fulvus is the extremely important wild germplasm resource in sugarcane breeding, to investigate the genetic diversity of morphological characteristics is helpful for the selection of new sugarcane cultivars with drought and cold resistance and containing high sucrose content. To study and use the Erianthus fulvus wild resources, 48 pieces of E. fulvus that conserved in the sugarcane germplasm garden of Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University were selected to investigate, and the author conduct statistical analysis on the five important agronomic traits, including plant height, leaf width, inter-node length, stem diameter and brix. The results showed that there were significant differences among the materials studied, and their coefficients of variation ranged between 9.37%- 33.52% . Clustering analysis based on the 5 characteristics showed that these materials could be divided into three categories and many small groups, and suggested that these E. fulvus germplasms had the abundant genetic diversity. The research result was very helpful for the further use of E. fulvus germplasm resource in sugarcane breeding.