Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.15 Published:02 June 2015

  Effects of Different Fertilization on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Its Use Efficiency of Rice in the Northern Agricultural Area of Fuxian Lake Yang Shaocong,Lv Yanling,Mu Chan,Zhang Yanjun,Fei Yong,Shen Wenzhi,Li Chengchun and Wang Yong 2015, 31 (15):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110102 Abstract + ( 1324 )   PDF ( 478KB )   ( 407 ) In the light of effects of excessive residual amount of soil nutrient on succeeding rice fertilization, arising from excessive vegetable fertilization in the northern agricultural area of Fuxian Lake, different fertilization experiments were carried out by field plots. The results showed that nitrogen-accumulation of rice was increased with increasing of nitrogen fertilization (150-360 kg/hm2) in sandy loam and clay loam, and the incremental nitrogen-accumulation was occurred in stem and leaf. The application of nitrogen in panicle fertilizer could increase nitrogen-accumulation of the grain. When applied nitrogen of 255 kg/hm2, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice in sandy loam were showing the highest (45.1% and 10594 kg/hm2), when applied nitrogen between 150 kg/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice in clay loam were 20.9%-22.4% and 10486-10596 kg/hm2. When applied nitrogen in panicle fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice were the highest in sandy loam (42.8% and 10445 kg/hm2) and clay loam (23.5% and 10564 kg/hm2). The nitrogen harvest index of rice, nitrogen agronomy efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity in sandy loam were obviously higher than those in clay loam, and these were significantly decreased with increasing of nitrogen fertilization. The appropriate nitrogen fertilization of vegetable succeeding rice was 150-255 kg/hm2, which were applied as base fertilizer (50%), tillering fertilizer (30%) and panicle fertilizer (20%).

  Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Mid-season Indica Hybrid Rice in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River 2015, 31 (15):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0348 Abstract + ( 1097 )   PDF ( 477KB )   ( 428 ) Based on national rice test of the South area in 2008- 2012, the relations between yield and agronomic characters of mid- season indica hybrid rice were analyzed through correlation analysis, path analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the effective panicles, total grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were positive correlated to grain yield, reaching 5% significant level, while the largest contribution to the yield was the seed setting rate. And the 1000 grain weight was significantly negative correlated to yield. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, breeding should be based on the total grain number per spike and seed setting rate, meanwhile effective panicle number and 1000 grain weight also should be coordinated. It was important to coordinate the relationship of production factors and establish good crop structure to explore indica rice yield potential. From the analysis and considering of varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river whose yield was 9 t/hm2 above, the best structure was summarized: the effective panicle number was 2.55 × 106/hm2, plant height was below 122 cm; total grain number per panicle was between 180-200, seed setting rate was above 80%, and 1000 grain weight was about 27 g.

  Effect on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Straw Forage Quality of Barley by Waterlogging Simulation in Seedling Stage 2015, 31 (15):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110054 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 375 ) In order to screen varieties that are resistant to flood, improve cultivation measures and provide theoretical basis for resposing to \ meteorological disasters.This research made waterlogging treatment on the potted ‘Huadamai9’ in seedling stage and explored the growth condition, physiological characteristics and variation of barley in seedling stage after waterlogging treatment.he results showed that the waterlogging resistance ability was stronger in seedling stage and the barley growth period was less effected under waterlogging treatment within 21 days .The barley growth period delayed with the extension of the waterlogging time. Under Seedling waterlogging ,the plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll SPAD value of barley were effected and as the extension of flooding processing time, the stress was aggravating. 21 days or even longer waterlogging treatment made the plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll SPAD value decreace significantly.The spike number, spike length, total grains and real grains, weight of 1000-grains, seed and straw yield were significantly impacted under seedling waterlogging, as the extension of flooding time, seeds and straw yield reduced or even crops failure . The agronomic traits significantly reduced under 21 days’ waterlogging treatment or even longer. Seedling waterlogging had serious effect on the straw forage quality of barley .The longer duration of waterlogging, the poorer forage quality, especially significant more than 21 days’ waterlogging treatment. By comprehensive analysis, the limit time that seedling water flooding had no significant effect on the agronomic traits of barley is 14 days.

  Study on Yield Components and Screening of Varieties Resistance to Late-sowing in Huaibei Area 2015, 31 (15):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110119 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 447KB )   ( 451 ) With 20 main wheat varieties of huaibei area as the test materials, a field experiment was carried out to study the yield components and the characteristics of resistance to late-sown in the condition of late-lowing. The results indicated that the average yield range of late-sown wheat was from 462.62 to540.85 kg/667 m2,and the variances of yield components was kernels per spike＞numbers of spike＞1000-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that yield was correlated with number of spike(r=0.259),kernels per ear(r=0.578**) and 1000-grain weight (r=-0.360);Multiple regression equation of yield with its components was Y=71.964 3.483X1 5.327X2 2.533X3.According to the cluster analysis, all of these varieties were divided into four main and some secondary groups, wanke 06290,xuke 1,su 553 and zhoumai 27 which could be used as ideal varieties for late-sown planting in huaibei area of Anhui province were screened.

  Study on the correlation of the different organs and the yield and quality in silage maize 王晔, and 2015, 31 (15):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020055 Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 510 ) The study aims to understand the whole plant yield and quality of silage maize in different organs and the relationship between the organs and improve the efficiency of selection, provide theoretical basis for breeding high yield and high quality silage maize varieties. This field experiment was conducted to elucidate the correlation of the radio of different organs to total weight and the yield and quality in silage maize (Zea mays L.) with thirty-one silage maize cultivars or lines as materials. The variation of total dry matter weight, dry matter weight of different organs, water content, yield and quality was significantly different. The correlation analysis results indicated that the radio of stalk, leaves (r2=0.528**) and bracts to total weight had positive correlations with total water content and yield, while the radios of kernel and cob to total weight had negative correlations with total water content and yield. Proportions of stalk (r2=0.396*), bracts, and cob in total dry matter were positively correlated with neutral detergent fiber content, while proportions of leaves and kernel (r2=0.381*) in total dry matter were negatively correlated with neural detergent fiber content. Total quality ratios of stalk and bracts to total dry matter and the whole plant acid detergent fiber content were positively correlated, while the ratios of leaves, kernels and cob were negatively correlated with total dry matter and the whole plant acid detergent fiber content. Total quality ratios of stalk, leaves and bracts to total dry matter and crude protein content were positively correlated, while the ratios of kernels and cob (r2=0.660**) were negatively correlated with total dry matter and crude protein content; Proportions of Stalk (r2=0.407*), leaves and bracts in total dry matter were negatively correlated with whole plant starch content, while proportions of kernels (r2=0.359*) and cob were positively correlated with whole plant starch content.

  Effects of sowing date and density on characters and yield of Maize in Chongqing 2015, 31 (15):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110170 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 442 ) In order to investigate new corn variety ‘Yudan 30’ the most suitable sowing period and the optimum planting density in Chongqing region, using split plot experiment design, to study on the relationship between sowing date and planting density on maize field of main agronomic characters and yield. The results showed that in the Chongqing area, delaying of sowing date, the fertility period was shorten, 100 grain weight and yield reduce, plant height, ear height with the sowing date delayed increase, panicle traits did not change significantly. Density increased, plant height, ear height also increased, ear length, ear diameter, stem diameter, row number, kernel number and decrease with the increase of density, 100 grain weight, yield increased with the density increasing, but to a certain threshold, increased density, yield and 100 grain weight decreased. 3 yield sowing was performance for the A1 > A2 > A3, four kind of density yield was performance as B3 > B4 > B2 > B1, sowing time and density interaction yield was performance for A1B3 > A1B4 > A2B3 > A2B4 > A3B3 > A3B4 > A2B2 > A1B1 > A2B1 > A3B1. So proper early sowing and increase planting density could increase the yield of corn per unit area, established that A1B3 was the optimum planting configuration in Chongqing area.

  Correlation Analysis between Hyperspectral Characteristics and Yield Components of Maize under Low Temperature Stress 2015, 31 (15):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110108 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 774KB )   ( 431 ) In order to study the effects of low temperature stress on the growth of maize and provide theoretical basis for the safety of grain production,and measured spectral parameters under low temperature stress in the key growth period of Maize, and studied the relation between spectral vegetation index and yield components. With the decrease of temperature and increase of duration under low temperature stress, there were blue shift phenomena for the position of red edge, and the amplitude and area of red edge also was reduced accordingly. At large bell stage, two peaks phenomena slowed down significantly, and it indicated that the period of low temperature had great effect on the growth of Maize.The spike weight was significantly negatively correlated with DVI(the correlation coefficient was 0.8395),and Linear model reflected the relationship between the spectral vegetation index and yield components.

  Effect of Different Stabilizers on Cadmium and Lead Uptake by Maize 2015, 31 (15):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120201 Abstract + ( 1628 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 596 ) In order to provide scientific basis for the utilization of calcareous soil polluted by cadmium and lead, the author studied the influence of two stabilizers on the uptake of cadmium and lead by maize and their remediation effects on moderately-polluted soil. Bentonite and KH2PO4 were selected as stabilizers and field experiment was conducted in moderately- polluted soil. The results showed that bentonite combined with KH2PO4 could reduce the concentration of lead in grains, stem leaf and roots by 37.22%, 40.18% and 34.06%, respectively. For cadmium concentration, those values were 24.53%, 5.85% and 14.82%, respectively. Both stabilizer-treatments could increase plant height, yield and dry biomass of aboveground part and decrease bioconcentration factor of lead and transport factor of cadmium. In addition, transport factor of lead also decreased in the treatment of bentonite combined with KH2PO4. Thus, bentonite combined with KH2PO4 could be used as an ideal repair material in calcareous-soil contaminated by heavy metals.

  Effect of long term continuous cropping on the growth, yield and quality of different peanut varieties 2015, 31 (15):  44-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120010 Abstract + ( 621 )   PDF ( 1065KB )   ( 472 ) Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China, continuous cropping obstacle has become a prominent problem for the development of peanut industry. In order to discover the influence of long term continuous cropping on the growth, yield and intrinsic quality of different peanut varieties, we analyzed and compared several indexes related with growth, yield and yield components as well as quality of seven different peanut varieties that were cultured respectively on 3 years and 10 years of continuous cropping plots. It was showed that seedling emergence rate and emergence time were not affected by the length of continuous cropping, and there was no obvious difference among varieties. However, the other indicators of morphological traits, yield and yield components as well as quality that we tested were all affected by continuous cropping, and different varieties presented diverse sensitivity to continuous cropping years. Based on the comparative analyses of the indexes related to growth, yield and yield components, Huayu 19 hao, Huayu 20 hao and Huayu 34 were shown to be most sensitive to long-term continuous cropping; the sensitivity of Huayu 30 hao and Huayu 33 hao was in the middle; Huayu 26 hao and Huayu 50 hao could be identified as long-term continuous cropping resistant varieties. Peanut qualities were also affected by continuous cropping years,but there were differences among varieties in response to continuous cropping years.

  Effect of Planting Patterns on the Growth and Development and Yield of Saline-alkali Land Peanut 2015, 31 (15):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010069 Abstract + ( 963 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 559 ) A field experiment in moderate saline-alkali land was conducted to examine the effect of planting patterns on the growth and development and yield of peanut plant. Three peanut cultivars (lines) with different salt tolerance were used as materials. Ridged bed with plastic film mulch and furrow with plastic film mulch were designed as two planting patterns. The results showed that the main stem height and the length of branches in all three peanut cultivars (lines) grown in ridged bed with plastic film mulch were higher than those in furrow with plastic film mulch from pegging stage to maturing stage. Leaf, stem (stalk) and the aboveground dry mass were perfectly simulated with logistic equation and all correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level, and the maximum R2 was 0.9976. The maximum growth rate (Vm) of leaves and stem (stalk) in salt-tolerant peanut cultivar grown in ridged bed increased up to 27.54%-41.04% and 12.2%-40.06%, respectively. The time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate of leaf postponed 2.3-3.3 days. For stem (stalk), the time (Tm) of the maximum growth rate occurred 1 day in advance. For salt sensitive cultivars grown in ridged bed, the Vm of leaves decreased 25.71%. The Tm of leaf occurred 1.4 day in advance and the Tm of stem (stalk) postponed 1.2 day. The peak of LAI of the three cultivars (lines) under two planting patterns occurred at the pod setting stage with salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’grown in ridged bed up to 5.52 and the lowest LAI of 3.35 in sensitive cultivar HZ17. The yield of salt-tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’ under ridged bed was up to 3925.65 kg/hm2. The lowest yield was only 2486.7 kg/hm2 of salt-sensitive cultivar HZ17 under furrow. In conclusion, salt- tolerant cultivar‘baisha 1016’was more suitable for saline- alkali land cultivation with plastic film mulch on ridged bed. The salt tolerance ability of the cultivar was more important than the planting pattern.

  Identification and Estimation of salt tolerance in peanut germplasm 2015, 31 (15):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120156 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 527 ) For screening salt tolerance germplasm and providing materials for genetic research in peanut, based on indexes including relative germination vigor, relative germination rate, relative germination index and salt damage rate, we selected 128 peanut germplasms for salt tolerant identification and estimation under 2.5% NaCl. We found significant but various depressing levels of germination rate under salt stress among different germplasms, and only 5% of 128 germplasms were highly resistant to salinity. We also found the relative germination index was an useful evaluation index for salt tolerance besides salt damage rate and relative germination rate. After all, we comprehensively screened 7 materials (JS011, JS024, JS125, JS491, JS523, JS524 and JS525) as salt tolerance germplasms for further research.

  Progress of Cassava Breeding in China 2015, 31 (15):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110159 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 592 ) To promote the progress of cassava breeding in China, the development of cassava industry in China, the major cultivars bred in China and the breeding strategies of cassava were overviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of the various strategies on cassava breeding were compared, which will be helpful for the cassava consordium. It also pointed out the major focus of cassava breeding in China, and shared some suggestions for cassava breeding in China. In the “Thirteen-Five Plan”, China’s cassava industry will focus on the target of “for energy, for food, for special benefit, for economy and for internationalization”, in order to diversify the market of cassava.

  Photosynthesis light response curves of different types of sweet potato and model fitting 张磊 2015, 31 (15):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110037 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 756KB )   ( 629 ) The study aims to reveal the photosynthetic light response characteristics of sweet potato, and select the best photosynthetic response curve fitting model, accurately calculate the main parameters of photosynthetic. Rectangular hyperbolic model, non-rectangular hyperbolic model, exponential function model and modified rectangular hyperbolic model were adopted to fit the photosynthesis light response curves of three sweet-potato varieties (fresh sweet potato, starched sweet potato and purple sweet potato). The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and dark respiration rate (Rd) fitted by rectangular hyperbolic model were more than the measured values, light saturation point (Isat) was less than the measured values. The Pnmax was much more than the measured values fitted by non- rectangular hyperbolic model, but Isat was much smaller than the measured values. However the Isat, Rd and light compensation point (Ic) were fitted by the exponential model much smaller than the measured values. Only photosynthetic parameters values obtained by the modified rectangular hyperbolic model were closest to the measured values, and this model could fit light suppression section of light response curves of sweet potato. By comparing three types of photosynthetic characteristics of sweet potato, the Pnmax and Isat of fresh sweet potato and starched sweet potato were higher than that of purple sweet potato, but Ic and Rd of three sweet potato types had no significant difference. Photosynthetic parameters value is closest to the measured value obtained by modified rectangular hyperbolic model， and this model can be used accurately and efficiently to study photosynthetic characteristics of sweet potato in the future. Fresh sweet potato and starched sweet potato have greater adaptation to light intensity and potential for accumulation of photosynthetic products.

  Introduction and Identification on High Quality Varieties of Purple Sweet Potato 2015, 31 (15):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120002 Abstract + ( 525 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 398 ) In order to screen good quality and high yield purple sweet potato varieties which were suitable for planting in Longyan, using a completely randomized block design, six purple sweet potato varieties were introduced and tested in 2014 summer compared with ‘Jinshan 57’. The agronomic characters, economic characters, the fresh tuber yield, dry labor, starch yield, quality and the anthocyanin content were screened and evaluated. The results showed that: two varieties had a good performance among six purple sweet potato varieties. The highest fresh tuber yield was ‘Longjinshu 1’ which was 39.11t/hm2. Its dry matter yield was 9.22 t/hm2.Its starch yield was 5.53t/hm2. Its starch rate was 14.15%. Its taste score was 80 points. Its anthocyanin content was 17.66mg/100g. The second fresh tuber yield was ‘Fushu 24’ which was 36.30t/hm2. Its dry matter yield was 10.82t/hm2 which was increased by 3.32% compared with control. Its starch yield was 7.11t/hm2 which was increased by 6.77% compared with control. Its dry matter rate was 29.81%. Its starch rate was 19.57%. Its taste score was 84.7 points. Its anthocyanin content was 11.95mg/100g. ‘Longjinshu 1’ had the highest fresh tuber yield with adequate characteristics of dry matter rate and anthocyanin content. ‘Longjinshu 1’ was suitable for purple sweet potato varieties of processing dried sweet potato products in Longyan. ‘Fushu 24’ had the higher yield, good eating quality as fresh and highest starch yield. It could be recommended as fresh and purple starch processing type varieties popularized in Longyan. ‘Guangshu 8’ would further observation. ‘Funingshu 3’,‘Ningzishu 1’and ‘Xuzishu 2’ were not suitable for planting in Longyan.

  Research on Increasing Yield and Mechanization Picking Boll by Delaying Cotton Boll Opening 张鹏忠,,,,,,, and 2015, 31 (15):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120068 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 654KB )   ( 314 ) The aims were to explore feasibility of increasing cotton yield and new mechanized harvesting ways, and open up new ways to achieve production increase and mechanization. Based on previous researches, the author conducted tests on the delaying of boll opening. The results showed that the dry matter weight of boll was the maximum at 50- 55 days, and late stage boll opening reduced dry matter weight because of consumption, growth regulator could be used to delay boll opening, the boll open could be delayed for 5-10 days. The theoretical foundation and basis of production increase was elucidated by the test result. It is concluded that this harvesting way could improve yield by delaying boll opening, and provide reference for achieving mechanization in the whole cotton picking process.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on Cotton Growth and Fertilizer Utilization in Coastal Saline Soil 2015, 31 (15):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120073 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 550 ) The study aims to guide the reasonable cotton fertilization and evaluate the effect of different fertilization types on the cotton growth and fertilizer utilization in the Yellow River Delta coastal saline area. Five fertilizer types, which were ordinary compound fertilizer, ordinary organic- inorganic mixed fertilizer, homemade organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer (large and small) and the double-coated slow-release organicinorganic compound fertilizer (DSCF), were selected to test the above mentioned effect under the same N, P, K amount. DSCF and small particles homemade fertilizer showed better results. Compared with ordinary organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer, the two treatments increased N, P, K apparent efficiency by 7.9 and 4.2, 2.2 and 1.6, 3.3 and 0.5 percentage points, respectively, and also increased N, P, K accumulation of cotton vegetative organs and genitals. Under the two treatments, the seed cotton yield increased by 11.98% and 7.39% , respectively; and the lint yield increased by 11.83% and 7.29%, respectively.

  Morphological Diversity of Wild Sugarcane Species Erianthus fulvus 2015, 31 (15):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120014 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 437 ) Erianthus fulvus is the extremely important wild germplasm resource in sugarcane breeding, to investigate the genetic diversity of morphological characteristics is helpful for the selection of new sugarcane cultivars with drought and cold resistance and containing high sucrose content. To study and use the Erianthus fulvus wild resources, 48 pieces of E. fulvus that conserved in the sugarcane germplasm garden of Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University were selected to investigate, and the author conduct statistical analysis on the five important agronomic traits, including plant height, leaf width, inter-node length, stem diameter and brix. The results showed that there were significant differences among the materials studied, and their coefficients of variation ranged between 9.37%- 33.52% . Clustering analysis based on the 5 characteristics showed that these materials could be divided into three categories and many small groups, and suggested that these E. fulvus germplasms had the abundant genetic diversity. The research result was very helpful for the further use of E. fulvus germplasm resource in sugarcane breeding.

  Effect of Boron on Total Boron Content in Sugar Beet Plant 张梅 and 2015, 31 (15):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110174 Abstract + ( 567 )   PDF ( 709KB )   ( 403 ) In order to support the theoretical basis of sugar beet production practice under boron application, the experiment was to study the nutrition absorbing rule in sugar beet plant under different boron levels. Under water culture condition, sugar beet seed HI0099 was selected as experimental material. Four nutrition concentrations of boron were set: very deficiency (T1, 0.05 mg/L), deficiency (T2,0.5 mg/L), normal (T3, 2.0 mg/L), excessive toxicity (T4, 30.0 mg/L). Azomethine-h colorimetric method was used to measure the boron content of sugar beet and analyze the relationship between boron content variety of sugar beet and different boron nutrition. The result showed that with different boron nutrition treatments, boron content of the same part under different stages presented: boron toxicity treatment ＞ boron normal treatment ＞ boron deficiency treatment ＞ boron very deficiency treatment. Boron content in different parts under the same treatment presented the same rule: mature leaves ＞ immature leaves ＞ mature petioles ＞ immature petioles ＞ roots. The above showed that the influence of boron nutrition levels on plant boron content was obvious. With the increase of boron application, plant boron content increased. The mature leaves demanded boron to the maximum and were the most sensitive to boron levels. So outroot feeding was a very effective method in sugar beet production.

  Fertilizer Efficiency Experiment of Nitrogen Phosphorus and Potassium on Red Kidney Bean Chang Jianwu,Hao Xiaopeng,Wang Yan,Yang Wei and Gao Xin 2015, 31 (15):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120084 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 559KB )   ( 416 ) In order to select the optimum fertilizer rate, the orthogonal design of three factors at four levels and the randomized blocks of three replications were implemented in this experiment. With the variance analysis of the experiment, the result showed that nitrogen fertilizer had a very significant effect on index of growth period, pods per plant, grain weight of plant, 100-grain weight and plot yields of red kidney bean (P<0.01). Phosphate fertilizer had a significant effect on grain weight of plant (P<0.05). Potash fertilizer had no effect. Through the intuitive analysis, the optimum fertilizer rate (375 kg/hm2 of urea, 450 kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate without potassium sulfate) was selected finally, which was very suitable to enhance the yield of red kidney bean.

  Progress on Resistance to the Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Brassica napus 2015, 31 (15):  114-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010180 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 740 ) Brassica napus was one of the major oil crops in the world. Sclerotinia stem rot was the main disease of Brassica napus caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. In view of the current research progresses on sclerotinia stem rot, four related aspects were summarized in this paper: (1) the infection mode of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the dynamic relationship between oxalic acid secreted by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and calcium ions in host; (2) the resistance mechanism of oilseed rape to sclerotinia stem rot by using synthesizing phytoalexin, phenolic compounds, lignin, chitinase and β- 1,3- glucanase; (3) resistant germplasm selection, apetalous breeding and microbial control in the comprehensive control techniques; (4) the research achievements in gene engineering by transforming oilseed rape with the genes relative to oxalic acid metabolism, pathogen resistance, defense- related transcription regulation factor and antibiotic peptide. Possible directions for future study on resistance to the sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape were further put forward and references were provided.

  Review on Damage of Cotton Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt in China and Breeding for Disease Resistance 2015, 31 (15):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110154 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 599 ) The author reviewed the damage status of cotton Fusarium and Verticillium wilt in China since1930’ s, summarized the achievements in the breeding for disease resistance, which included breeding methodssuch as system selection, cross breeding, molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) and transgenic breedingtechnology, and the representative disease-resistant cotton cultivars of different times, including‘liaomian1’ ,86-1,‘CCRI 12’ ,‘CCRI 16’ ,‘CCRI 19’ ,‘CCRI 35’ ,‘shaan401’ ,‘liaomian10’and‘liaomian12’and soon. Current situation and existing problems of disease-resistant variety breeding were analyzed, and measuresfor solving the existing problems were prospected.

  Research of Different Doses of 60Co-γ Rays and Fe+ on Biological Characteristics and Phytophthora Infestans (Mont) of Tomatoes 武利明 and 张喜春 2015, 31 (15):  131-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120193 Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 706KB )   ( 443 ) The study aims to evaluate the effects of different doses of 60Co-γ rays and Fe+ on the biological characteristics and Phytophthora infestans (Mont) of tomatoes.‘Beautiful pink 15’and Bolrorpagokue were used as materials, whose seeds were irradiated by 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 80 Gy, 100 Gy doses of 60Co- γ rays and 4Mev9×1012 doses of Fe+, and germination rate, growth characteristics, fruit characteristics and Phytophthora infestans (Mont) were determined. The results showed that after being irradiated by 60 Gy and 100 Gy doses of 60Co- γ rays, the germination rate of‘Beautiful pink 15’and Bolrorpagokue were greater than that of the contrast. After irradiation by 4Mev9 × 1012 doses of Fe+ , the plant height of‘Beautiful pink 15’and Bolrorpagokue were greater than that of the contrast. Except 4Mev9×1012 doses of Fe+ irradiation, the leaf index of‘Beautiful pink 15’was lower than that of the contrast, the leaf index of Bolrorpagokue was greater than that of the contrast. The stem diameter of‘Beautiful pink 15’irradiated was more than that of the contrast except 4Mev9×1012 doses of Fe+ irradiation, and the stem diameter of Bolrorpagokue irradiated was more than that of the contrast except 60 Gy and 80 Gy doses of 60Co-γ rays irradiation. The fruiting rate of‘Beautiful pink 15’ decreased and the fruiting rate of Bolrorpagokue increased. After irradiation by different doses of 60Co-γ rays and 4Mev9×1012 doses of Fe+, the fruit shape index of‘Beautiful pink 15’was more than that of the contrast, and the fruit shape index of Bolrorpagokue was lower than that of the contrast. With 4Mev9×1012 doses of Fe+ irradiation, Phytophthora infestans (Mont) of‘Beautiful pink 15’was superior to that of the contrast. Phytophthora infestans (Mont) of 4Mev9 × 1012 doses of Fe+ irradiation and 100 Gy doses of 60Co- γ rays irradiation of Bolrorpagokue were superior to that of the contrast.

  Research Advances on Protein Traits Analysis and the Main Impact Factor of Wheat in China 2015, 31 (15):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120098 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 467 ) Wheat, being the third major grain crop in China, is an important source of human proteins, its quality and production has a direct impact on the development of agricultural economy and food industry. Studying and improving the protein quality of wheat becomes the key to solve this contradiction. This paper reviewed the existing literatures of home and abroad, analyzed the present situation and existing problems of wheat protein quality, summarized the research progress from genetic model, the main factors, and the correlation between protein quality traits and other traits, discussed the status of wheat protein quality traits and the suggestions for high-quality wheat breeding method, so as to provide theoretical basis for research on wheat quality improvement.

  Near-isogenic Lines (NILs) Selection of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) By Marker Assisted Selection 2015, 31 (15):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120194 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 648KB )   ( 498 ) In order to enrich quality protein maize (QPM) new germplasms, some common germplasms were used to transform near-isogenic lines (NILs) of QPM. By using QPM germplasms as the donors of o2 gene and common germplasms as the receptors, QPM NILs were constructed by hybridization transduction. SSR marker phi057 was utilized to select QPM NILs, which could detect pure recessive o2 gene. The results showed that the co- dominant marker phi057, which could distinguish different genotypes O2O2, O2o2 and o2o2, had polymorphism among donor inbred lines and receptor inbred lines; the lysine content of QPM NILs (which came from different inbred lines) was increased in different levels, and it could reach 0.36%-0.42%, different receptors increased lysine content ranged from 9.1% to 64.0%. After introducing o2 mutant gene of the donors, the lysine content of the receptors was increased.

  Effects of Different Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristic of Machine-transplanted Early Hybrid Rice Seedlings and Yields 2015, 31 (15):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2192 Abstract + ( 586 )   PDF ( 549KB )   ( 417 ) The effect of three plant growth regulators on machine-transplanted early hybrid rice seedlings and yields was evaluated by comparing the growth characteristics of the early hybrid rice variety‘Ganxin203’. The results showed that, in comparison with the control, all three growth regulators caused dwarfing in rice seedlings, and increased the pseudo stem width, green leaf and root numbers, the soluble sugar and total nitrogen contents. Meanwhile, the regulators improved the ability of tillering and adult seedling rate, and guaranteed the quality and yield of machined- transplanted seedlings. Among the three regulators, paclobutrazol had the best effects, gained the highest adult seedling rate and the highest yield, which increased by 3.74% and 9.98% respectively compared with the control. Comprehensively, growth regulators were benefit for obtaining stronger seedlings and higher yield; paclobutrazol was an appropriate regulator for machinetransplanted early hybrid rice seedling.

  Genetic Classification and Diversity of Yellow-seeded Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Accessions 2015, 31 (15):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110107 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 606KB )   ( 599 ) Owing to thinner hull, less fiber, higher oil and protein content than its black-seeded counterpart with a dark, thicker, and more lignified seed coat, yellow seeded variety is an important goal for breeding of oilseed Brassica napus. In order to investigate genetic classification and diversity, we tested the allelisms among different yellow-seeded accessions and studied the genetic diversity through clustering. Results showed that according to the result of allelism test, by investigation of the segregation of seed coat colour in F1 and F2 of cross between different accessions, 11 yellow-seeded rapeseed accessions could be divided into five groups: group Ⅰ including‘Youyan10’ , CZV55, E718, and Arm, mostly followed a dominant inheritance model; group Ⅱ including Q33 and D615, in incomplete dominant inheritance; group Ⅲ including 2006C, X2006, and 740C; the rest two groups only including Polo and HY15, respectively. The last three groups were generally in recessive genetic model. However, the inheritance of yellow- seeded traits of‘Youyan10’and 2006C was various from dominant to recessive when they crossed with the different genotypes of brownseeded. Cluster based on SSR molecular polymorphism showed that 35 yellow- seeded rapeseed accessions could be classified into three main groups: B.napus, B.rapa, and B.juncea. The group B.napus could be further divided into eight subgroups, the representations of them were 2006C and 740C, Youyan system, Q33, Ramiro from French, GQ4 from Shaanxi, Arm and prof from Canada, and yellow Polo from Polish cultivar Polo. This generally agrees with the pedigrees, breeders and originations. The results could provide the theoretical basis for the heterosis utilization of yellow- seeded rapeseed.

  Screening of SSR Core Primer Pairs for Identification of Beet Cultivar 2015, 31 (15):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120053 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 582KB )   ( 504 ) The core primers were screened for identification of beet hybrid. The materials were collected from the imported sugarbeet varieties which planted in 16 larger areas in our country, for screening published 130 SSR primers and 70 pairs of beet EST-SSR. Finally, 24 beet primers amplification bands which were clear and had good repeatability and core of high polymorphism were selected from 200 pairs of primers, with 22 PIC of primers value of 24 primers were greater than 0.5, there were seven pairs of primers value were greater than 0.8 among them, and they could be used for sugarbeet variety of first choice for fingerprint build core primers. Cluster analysis was carried out for 16 beet varieties with these core primers, the results of 16 varieties were divided into three classes, and varieties from the same company gathered together basically. Screening of sugar beet SSR core primer would accelerate the identification speed of beet variety purity and authenticity, and would also accelerate the development of molecular biology and other fields of sugar beet.

  Screening the Bacteria Herbicide from the Rhizosphere Soils of Allelopathic Rice 梁友谊,胡文文,杨小燕, and 2015, 31 (15):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120121 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 765KB )   ( 535 ) The bacteria were screened from the rhizosphere soil of allelopathic rice PI312777 for weed suppression, which could provide a scientific basis for the development of herbicides source. The plate dilution method was used to isolate microorganisms, and a laboratory bioassay and a soil pot test with lettuce and barnyard grass were used as the receptors to evaluate the bioactivity of culture filtrate of the candidate strains. Laboratory bioassay proved that fermentation broths of two candidate strains Z1 and Z2 had the strongest inhibition on lettuce growth. And the maximum inhibitory rates of the fermentation broths on root length and plant height of barnyard grass were about 50%- 60% and 40%- 50% , respectively. In soil pot test, the inhibitory rates of the fermentation broths Z1 and Z2 were 28.1% and 27.0%, respectively on root length of barnyard grass, and 8.85% and 4.48%, respectively on plant height of barnyard grass. The fermentation broths had stimulative effect on root length of 3 rice accessions and no negative effect or little inhibition (inhibitory rate of 3% ). These results showed that rice allelopathy was correlated to their microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil and suggested that screening bacteria herbicides from the rhizosphere soils of allelopathic rice accessions would be a feasible approach.

  Research Progress on Purifying Effect of wastewater and Aquatic Plant Configuration 2015, 31 (15):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120103 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 517KB )   ( 578 ) The purifying effect of aquatic plant configuration is more significant than that of single plant. The author discussed the purification mechanism of aquatic plants, as well as the purifying effects of different configurations on different waste water in moderate temperature season and low temperature season. The author put forward the problems that should be focused on in aquatic plants sewage purification application, and made research prospects from variety screening, cultivating and establishment, efficient annual purification model and so on.

  Study on Allelopathic Inhibition Frequency Stability of Allelopathic Rice in the Field 2015, 31 (15):  180-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110156 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 476 ) To study the alleopathic inhibition frequency and stability of allelopathic rice to bamyardgrass under different field environments, 3 conventional allelopathic rice varieties, 7 hybrid rice combinations of the three conventional allelopathic rice with three CMS lines and PI312777, an excellent American allelopath rice were planted in the paddy filed at different time. The results were as follows: rice varieties and environment had significant influence on the alleopathic inhibition frequency while their interaction showed no significant difference. The higher the alleopathic inhibition frequency of the rice or the environment was, the more stability its inhibition frequency was. That meant the rice variety which had a highly alleopathic inhibition frequency showed little difference in different environment, while different alleopathic rice showed little difference in the highly alleopathic inbibition environment. By using the conventional alleopathic inhibition rice as donor parents, the allelopath heterosis was easily obtained in F1. In some period of time after the rice plants were transplanted for 0 to 15 days, the average temperature, the lowest and highest daily temperature as well as the sunshine duration had effects on the alleopathic inbihition. The lower the temperature and the shorter the sunshine duration was, the higher the alleopathic inbihition frequency would be. Besides the climate environment showed diversity impact on alleopathic inbihition, there might be other more important factors affecting the alleopathic inhibition frequency. The results showed that allelopathic inhibition frequency stability of allelopathic rice was easily affected by the environment in the field, which was unfavorable for production applications, but could be used to select high and stable allelopathic inhibition frequency of allelopathic rice.

  Invasive Weed Mikania micrantha Monitoring and Risk Analysis in Dehong 2015, 31 (15):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010012 Abstract + ( 492 )   PDF ( 933KB )   ( 474 ) In order to understand the risk of Mikania micrantha invasion in Dehong, the occurrence of Mikania micrantha was investigated and monitored in different habitats, and the system of risk analysis and assessment was established. Multi-index comprehensive scoring method was used to assess the invasion risk. The result showed that Mikania micrantha had regional distribution characteristics with three- dimensional distribution obviously and mainly distributed in low altitude tropic region, the occurrence area was nearly 31991.87 hm2, with invasion risk assessment value R of 68, Mikania micrantha had high ecological risk. At the moment, 304985.4 hm2 of potential occurrence area is still under threat of Mikania micrantha. Mikania micrantha mainly invades farmland, barren land and forest land, it not only causes great loss in agriculture, forestry and husbandry, but also threats eco-environment, we must take effective measures to prevent and control the status.

  Effects of Different Microbial Inoculants and Tillage Types on the Soil Chemical Properties of during Growth of Winter Wheat 吴克侠,,, and 2015, 31 (15):  193-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120082 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 951KB )   ( 379 ) In order to understand the dynamics of soil chemical characteristics (soil available phosphorus, soil available potassium and soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen) two types of tillage and different microbial inoculants during winter wheat growing periods based on straws returned in a field using the plots experiment. The results showed that two types of tillage had no significant effects on soil available phosphorus, available potassium, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, but different growing stages showed the significant impact on these indices. Application of biogas slurry plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria or EM influenced the level of soil available phosphorus or soil available potassium in the rotary tillage markedly; Moreover, treatment of biogas slurry plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria or biogas slurry produced the effect on soil available phosphorus or soil available potassium in the deep tillage.The addition of plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria compared with control could reduce soil carbon nitrogen ratio, and enhanced the decomposition of straw. The soil available potassium in the root zone increased by 44.31% (rotary tillage) and 32.61% (deep tillage) comparing to that in the non root zone at the wheat harvest stage. Soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen in root zone was higher than that in non root zone for two types of tillage, and application of EM Strain improved the levels of soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen.

  Study on Nutrient Elements Content of Leaf and Orchards Soil in different-aged Badam and Different Texture Soils 2015, 31 (15):  202-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120205 Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 951KB )   ( 550 ) In order to study soil and leaf nutrient status of badam (Amygdalus communis L.) under different types of soil texture in Shache County of Xinjiang, which is the main area for badam cultivation, the author took sapling and productive age badam grove under sandy soil and loam soil as study objects, measured nutrient status of leaf and soil (0-20 cm and 20-50 cm), analyzed the soil fertility condition and mineral elements fertility demand model under different soil textures, developmental stages and growth periods. The results showed that the supply level of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were relatively low in sandy soil, the supply level of available potassium, available sulfur and calcium were relatively high, soil magnesium content was moderate. Soil organic matter was deficient in loam soil, the levelof available phosphorus, available potassium, available sulfur, calcium and magnesium were relatively high, soil zinc was deficient in loam soil. The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron in loam soil were higher than those in sandy soil, copper, zinc, iron and manganese in sandy soil were deficient, the effect of badam in different developmental stages on soil nutrient content was almost the same. The nutrient elements content variation trend of different age leaves in leaf expansion period- fruit enlargement period- harvest period was almost the same; the main absorption stage of major elements was fruit enlargement and harvest period; leaf- expansion period mainly absorbed total nitrogen, available potassium, and expanding period mainly absorbed available nitrogen and organic matter. The absorption of microelement was mainly in the harvest period, and the absorbed elements were mainly iron and manganese, followed by zinc; the expanding stage mainly absorbed boron, and the absorptions of other microelement were less. Based on the principle of balanced fertilization, we could conclude that during badam fruit enlargement period and hardcore period, it is suitable to give nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, while potassium fertilizer should be given in hardcore period mainly. Microelement fertilizer should be added appropriately, and after harvest or at the beginning of the second year, enough organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.

  Comparison of Two Kinds of Nessler Colorimetric Method to Detect Soil Ammonium Nitrogen 2015, 31 (15):  211-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010159 Abstract + ( 550 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 547 ) Comparative experiments were carried out on two kinds of nessler colorimetric method for soil ammonium nitrogen measuring, one was a conventional nessler colorimetric method (routine method), another was an improved method of nessler (speed measuring method). The test showed that the speed measuring method with wide linear ranged for 0-168 mg/kg; the whole process of testing time was 25 min, which was half of routine method; the speed measuring method had a sensitive and stability color, it could be stable for a few hours; the test results could show soil nutrient content directly; the speed measuring method could also be operated convenient, it had no need to be operated by operation staff with finished product reagent. In addition, the speed measuring method had the advantage of cost saving. Portable measuring instrument and matched detection method could meet the basic measuring requirement for soil fertilizer use.

  Distribution characteristics of iron Species in ancient paddy soils of Liyang plain 2015, 31 (15):  215-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010215 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 489 ) The study objective is to fully understand the distribution characteristics of iron form in buried ancient paddy soil. The Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to extract different chemical Fe forms of ancient paddy soil Fe at Sanlonggang village, Liyang plain. The results showed that the main forms were the organic matter bound Fe (OM-Fe), oxides bound Fe (OX-Fe) and residue Fe (RES-Fe), which made up 99.9% of the total iron contents in ancient paddy soils at Sanlonggang village. Besides OM-Fe, the average content of other Fe forms was greater in the ancient paddy soil than that in the current cultivation paddy soil, and the obvious variation of different forms of Fe was observed, and the trend of Fe (WS-Fe), exchangeable Fe (EXCFe), OX-Fe, and OM-Fe first increased, and then decreased, while the trend of RES-Fe increased with soil depth increase. The characteristics of elevation and deposition in ancient paddy soils were obvious, and the distribution variation of different forms of Fe was greater in the ancient paddy soil at Sanlonggang village.

  Research on Trend of Greenhouse Soil Hydrogen Peroxidase Activities in Yunnan Province 2015, 31 (15):  220-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020095 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 482 ) In order to investigate the variation characteristics of hydrogen peroxidase activity in greenhouse soil, the author analyzed hydrogen peroxidase activity in greenhouse soil in 6 districts in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the variation range of hydrogen peroxidase activity in 0-20 cm soil layer was 0.216-2.301 mL/g, with the average of 1.526 mL/g, the variation range of soil hydrogen peroxidase activity in 20-40 cm soil layer was 0.499-2.469 mL/g, with the average of 1.725 mL/g, which were 1.939 and 1.902 mL/g lower than that of the open soil, respectively. The variation rend of soil hydrogen peroxidase activity was increase – decrease - increase with the increase of greenhouse life, and 0-20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer had the same variation trend. The soil hydrogen peroxidase activity had a significantly positive correlation with soil pH and total nitrogen. Experiment showed that the soil hydrogen peroxidase activity was related to greenhouse life, soil depth and soil physical and chemical properties, and soil hydrogen peroxidase activity could reflect soil quality.

  Study on the Impact of Wind Sand Disaster on Photosynthetic Rate of Cotton in Cele 吉春容,黄健,曾凡江 and 李新建 2015, 31 (15):  226-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120030 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 524 ) To evaluate the sand disaster effect on the flowering stage of cotton growth in Cele, With the 'Xinluzhong21' as varieties tested, and wind sand comparison observation experiment was done in General farmland at Cele National Station of Observation & Research for Desert Grassland Ecosystem. The flowering stage of cotton leaf’s difference of diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics was studied with yarn network protection, water treatment and natural condition, such as photosynthetic rate in net, stomatal conductance, gauze protection, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration. Conclusions are drawn as follows: The harm of blown sand on cotton growth was not only dust adhere to cotton leaf reducing the efficiency of the leaf accepting photosynthetic active radiation, and reducing the blade to absorb carbon dioxide, and slowing the transpiration rate of leaf moisture, ultimately resulting in a decline in photosynthesis rate. And the sand flow blowed to the plant body directly for a long time, which made the physiological structure of plant damaged, repressing carbon assimilation of plant, reducing the matter accumulation of plant, Then the plant growth was affected.

  Causes and Difference Analysis of Two Thunderstorm Gale Processes in Guangxi 2015, 31 (15):  231-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020098 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 4105KB )   ( 350 ) This paper aims to further understand the causes of thunderstorm gale in south China and provide a reference for its forecast. Based on conventional observation data, automatic weather station data, Doppler radar data and NECP 1°×1° reanalysis data, the causes of successive high wind processes in Guangxi and their differences had been studied. Results showed that: (1) the“3.30”process happened in the warm area, but “3.31”process was triggered by the surface front; (2) both of the two processes occurred in a favorable environment with an unstable stratification, vertical wind shear and strong storm potential; those conditions were stronger in the“3.31”process; (3) stratification characteristic showed significantly lower wet layer in both two processes, with clear dry layer on top of it, but the wet layer in“3.31”process was shallower and with higher specific humidity; (4) convective storms were generated and moved along the surface convergence line or strengthened when moved onto convergence line; the convergence line of“3.31”process was in a larger scale, which moved slower; (5) radar echo characteristic showed that the“3.30”process was caused by local single-cell storms or multi-cell storms, but the“3.30”process was caused by organized large-scale strong squall line (bow echo). The study indicated that there were differences in the instable stratification, the strength and construction of the mid-low level vertical wind shear and the scale and velocity of the surface convergence line between well organized storm and single-cell storm.

  Forecast Model of Daily Extreme Temperature in Solar Greenhouse in Shanxi Province 2015, 31 (15):  240-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120160 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 815KB )   ( 442 ) Based on the meteorological data both inside and outside the solar greenhouse in Xinzhou, Shanxi province. The minimum and maximum temperature forecast model was established based on BP neural network and stepwise regression model. The result showed that R2 was higher than 0.96 and most of the root mean square error (RMSE) and absolute error (AE) was lower than 2℃ on BP neural network model. The precision of stepwise regression model was higher than BP neural network model in minimum and maximum temperature of clear day and maximum temperature of overcast. The precision of BP neural network model was higher than stepwise regression model in minimum and maximum temperature of cloudy and minimum temperature of overcast. The model was chosen by more precision could predicate extreme temperature in solar greenhouse. The model could provide scientific basis for facility agriculture management and environment regulation and microclimate prediction in Shanxi province.

  Variation Characteristics of El Nino/La Nina Events and Their Relationship with Climate in Changzhi 李菊芬,刘耀文 and 张瑞庭 2015, 31 (15):  247-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010127 Abstract + ( 956 )   PDF ( 721KB )   ( 595 ) This paper aims to reveal the variation characteristics of the abnormal changes of ocean temperatures in the equatorial central & eastern Pacific, and the influences these changes bring to the precipitation and temperature in Changzhi. According to the data of eleven county stations of Changzhi, the author analyzed the precipitation and temperature change tendency in Changzhi since 1961, and investigated the occurrences and variations of El Nino/La Nina events, and how the events affected the annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, drought and flood in Changzhi. The results indicated that: (1) there were 15 El Nino events and 14 La Nina events from 1961 to 2014, and the probability of occurrence was 0.28 and 0.26 respectively; (2) El Nino events mainly occurred in spring and summer while ended in autumn and winter; La Nina events occurred mainly in spring and autumn while ended in spring and winter; (3) abnormal precipitation years in Changzhi were also the years in which El Nino/La Nina events occurred or ended, and the starts of El Nino events had an opposite climatic anomaly to the ends of El Nino events; (4) the annual mean temperature in Changzhi had a good corresponding relation with El Nino years; (5) there was a close relationship between droughts and floods in Changzhi and El Nino/La Nina Events.

  Remote Sensing Estimation of Chlorophyll Content in Different Growth Periods of Summer Corn Based on Vegetation Index 2015, 31 (15):  254-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110128 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 559KB )   ( 540 ) Chlorophyll content is an important indirect agronomic parameter judging corn nutrition status, which has significant meaning for crop growth monitoring. The author measured the canopy spectral reflectance and chlorophyll relative content of summer corn in key growth period by using ASD portable spectrometer and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Correlation analysis of the 3 vegetation indexes and chlorophyll relative content were also conducted. The author established an estimation model based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the ratio of vegetation index (RVI) and difference vegetation index (DVI) of chlorophyll and selected a best fitting model from accuracy test. The results showed that the RMSE and RE of jointing stage RVI, heading stage and filling stage NDVI and dough stage DVI were the lowest. The RMSE were 5.688, 5.323, 2.751 and 4.111, respectively, and RE were 9.84%, 8.56%, 3.75% and 7.15%, respectively, so they were the best models of each period. Therefore, the optimal models of the 3 vegetation indexes (NDVI, RVI and DVI) were achieved in different growth stages. It has guiding significance for the cultivation of summer corn and field management.

  Optimum Prediction Model of Maize Leaf Chlorophyll Content Based on Near-infrared Band 2015, 31 (15):  260-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120006 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 701KB )   ( 539 ) In order to further explore the relationship between near-infrared band reflectance of maize and its chlorophyll content, the author analyzed the relationship between chlorophyll content of maize and nearinfrared band reflectance and vegetation index by linear and non- linear methods to establish the optimum chlorophyll content prediction model. The results showed that the correlation spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content was great at near-infrared band; chlorophyll content had highly significant correlation with RVI (R1001/R760), RSI (R765/R720), NDVI (R990-R760)/(R760+R990), NDSI (R813-R763)/(R813+R763), CCI (D794/D763) and so on, and NDVI had the biggest correlation index (0.91). Determination coefficient R2 of all quadratic polynomial adopted RVI、 RSI、 NDVI、 NDSI reached 0.75 in the maize chlorophyll content prediction model based on nearinfrared band vegetation index. The quadratic polynomial which based on NDVI at 990, 760 nm was the optimum maize chlorophyll content prediction model, it had the biggest determination coefficient (R2=0.855) and lesser RMSE (2.433) and RE% (0.61%). All those results could offer basis for using spectral information to reflect chlorophyll content in maize growth condition.

  Grain Production Fluctuation Analysis and Policy Suggestions in Anhui Province 2015, 31 (15):  265-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1318 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 761KB )   ( 417 ) In order to analyze the grain production situation in Anhui Province and provide reference for grain production policy-making, guarantee grain safety of Anhui and the whole country, the general situation of total grain yield, paddy rice, maize, wheat in Anhui Province during 1978-2012 was studied, and the fluctuation of grain production was deeply analyzed and discussed by the method of residue. The results showed that grain total yield, paddy rice, wheat and maize yield increased at different degrees in Anhui Province. With the change in people’s diet structure, the proportion of paddy rice declined, while the proportion of wheat and maize yield increased in total grain output; the fluctuations of total grain yield and three major grain crops paddy rice, maize and wheat in Anhui Province exist common features: frequent fluctuations, short cycle, large amplitude, all belong to the classical fluctuation. The fluctuation period of total grain yield in Anhui Province is most frequent with average period length of 2.81; among three grain crops, the fluctuation period of wheat yield is most frequent with average period of 2.88, and the fluctuation period of paddy rice is the shortest of 3.77. The fluctuation amplitude of maize, wheat, paddy rice and total grain yield are 61.89%, 40.24%, 23.56%, 19.77%, respectively. The wave trough negative growth of total grain yield, paddy rice yield, wheat yield and maize yield are 9, 9, 8, 10, respectively, accounting for 82%, 100%, 77.78% and 100% of total cycles. Combined with the grain production fluctuations, several suggestions for guaranteeing stable grain production, growth, reducing fluctuation were put forward from aspects of cultivated land, water resource, science and technology, policy and labor force.

  Role Conversion of Land-lost Farmers in the Process of Urbanization 2015, 31 (15):  275-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010036 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 481KB )   ( 393 ) To study the role conversion of land-lost farmers in urbanization and analyze the transformation of China’ s economy and social structure, 150 farmers who were land-lost in the urbanization process of Laiwu city were investigated. The results showed that land-lost farmers faced problems such as relatively bald social role, simple and low hierarchical career choice in urban society because of the restrictions of personal experience, education background, personal preferences, age and so on. But social role in urban society was open and diverse, which could be a big challenge for land-lost farmers to adapt to urban life. Therefore, we put forward suggestions such as carrying out extensive vocational training and establishing a perfect social security system to promote land-lost farmers to convert their roles and realize the urbanization smoothly.

  Exploration of Pension Pattern of City Community to Solve the Rural Communities Endowment in China 张晓峰 and 王文棣 2015, 31 (15):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010177 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 673 ) With the problem of population aging becoming more and more serious and the government paying more attention to the pension service system, the author used the method of the literature research and survey research to study the pension pattern in Lanzhou in order to make the elders in rural communities live a guaranteed life and to achieve the new goals as building a happy family and a harmonious countryside. The results of the study found that pension pattern in city communities provided guiding significance for solving problems such as the weakening of family pension and the various institutional pension problems. The successful experience of pension pattern in city communities, which includes the multiple supply subjects, various kinds of service and the cultivation of the sense of community endowment, can provide positive reference to construct the pension pattern in rural communities.

  mmigration Will of Inflow Population with Agricultural Household Register in Small and Medium-sized Cities in the Northwest —— Taking Tianshui City in Gansu Province as an Example Yan Wenfang and Han Xufeng 2015, 31 (15):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020108 Abstract + ( 519 )   PDF ( 492KB )   ( 506 ) To analyze the trend of the inflow population which had agricultural household register and provide reference for management about the inflow population in small and medium-sized northwest cities, immigration will of the flow population with agricultural household register in small and medium-sized cities in the northwest was investigated by using the fixed-point sampling method and non structural interview. The results showed that female, and those who were married, with medium level monthly income, localized flowing, longer dwelling time in cities, and satisfaction of current living conditions, showed strong desire to immigration. We could conclude that individual factors influence the immigration will significantly; economic and social factors restrict the immigration will. So the author put forward suggestions such as strengthening the dynamic monitoring of the flowing population, enhancing the consciousness of the employment training, adapting to the trend of homely immigration and doing a good job in information sharing to provide good service in the immigration of population with agricultural household register.