Abstract: Based on national rice test of the South area in 2008- 2012, the relations between yield and agronomic characters of mid- season indica hybrid rice were analyzed through correlation analysis, path analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the effective panicles, total grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were positive correlated to grain yield, reaching 5% significant level, while the largest contribution to the yield was the seed setting rate. And the 1000 grain weight was significantly negative correlated to yield. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, breeding should be based on the total grain number per spike and seed setting rate, meanwhile effective panicle number and 1000 grain weight also should be coordinated. It was important to coordinate the relationship of production factors and establish good crop structure to explore indica rice yield potential. From the analysis and considering of varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river whose yield was 9 t/hm² above, the best structure was summarized: the effective panicle number was 2.55 × 106/hm², plant height was below 122 cm; total grain number per panicle was between 180-200, seed setting rate was above 80%, and 1000 grain weight was about 27 g.