Abstract: Behavior is the functional regulation that aquatic animals made to adapt to the environment. This article summarized the relationship between various habitat environmental factors and swimming, reproductive, aggressive, cannibalistic and population behavior based on the main groups of aquatic animals (fish and crustaceans). Environmental factors included temperature, content of dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, salinity, turbidity, light, sound, bottom material, stream and biology. Then the author put forward the point of studying the adaptability to habitat environment through behavior preference of aquatic animals. At last, the author proposed that behavioral research methods should use multiple-factor, computer visual AIDS and wild scene building and should be more practical in the future.