Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of rhizobium and combined molybdenum on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of soybean in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of soybean inoculated rhizobium treatments (R) had no significant difference compared to non-inoculated treatment (CK1) in podding and seeding stages. While the dry matter accumulation of soybean inoculated rhizobium and combined 1% molybdenum treatment (R+Mo1) was greater than that of inoculated rhizobium and combined 2% molybdenum (R + Mo2), inoculated rhizobium only (R) and fertilizing 1% molybdenum only treatments (Mo). In addition, the growth rate of soybean was also increased by inoculated rhizobium and combined 1% molybdenum when soybean was flowering to podding. The yield of soybean inoculated rhizobium and combined 1% molybdenum increased by 20.46% and 9.63%, respectively, compared to that of only inoculated rhizobium treatments in 2013 and 2014. Hence, the dry matter accumulation of soybean and the growth rate of soybean from the stage of flowering to podding were increased by inoculated rhizobium and combined 1% molybdenum, which led to the soybean yield increase.