Abstract: Nanping City is a major grain producing area in Fujian Province. There are 220500 hm² arable land in this area, and the paddy soil accounts for 213300 hm². Being divided according to yield level of per unit area, 71.74% arable land belongs to the middle- low yield soil. The middle- low yield soil is the key to constrain further development of grain production, and also the potential to increase grain yield. The author analyzed the main obstacle factors and fertility characteristics of different types of middle-low yield soil, and summarized feasible project measures and agricultural and biotechnological technologies that had been proved through practices. The goal of this paper was to provide a scientific basis for the land reclamation of barren mountains and the improvement of middle-low yield soil from 2015 to 2018.