Abstract: The comprehensive evaluation of soil quality has important practical significance on the scientific utilization and management of land resources, and it is an important part in the research of agricultural sustainable development. Based on the field sampling data of Kuqa County, the authors adopted comprehensive evaluation model of soil quality index (SQI), and with the support of geo-statistics analysis module in ArcGIS, carried out the (Kriging) spatial interpolation of soil quality index. The research results showed that the soil quality index of arable layer in Kuqa County was mostly 0.3-0.6, SQI value of minority areas was less than 0.3 or more than 0.6. The spatial distribution of soil quality index showed a banded and patches shape distribution, soil comprehensive quality in the north and south direction was higher than that in east and west direction, and the trend decreased from the middle of oasis to oasis periphery. Due to the impact of human activities during cultivation, soil quality in the middle of the study area was better than that of the surrounding area.