Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.29 Published:28 October 2015

  Total Amount Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Based on Environmental Factor Endowment——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone 2015, 31 (29):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040039 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 814KB )   ( 492 ) In order to promote the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding, it is necessary to control the total amount of the livestock and poultry in a region based on environmental factor endowment. The author estimated the carrying capacity, permitted amounts and actual amounts of livestock and poultry in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone from 2000 to 2012. Moreover, basic thoughts on total amount control of livestock and poultry breeding were explored from the perspective of breeding scale and the ecological function regionalization. The results showed that the actual amounts were over the permitted amounts in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone from 2000 to 2012. Areas with higher actual amounts were Gaoan City, Dongxiang County, Yujiang County, Dean County and Nanchang County. The results suggested that the amount of livestock and poultry in these areas should be controlled and utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry manure should be enhanced, but in other areas such as Hukou County, Duchang County and Pengze County, the actual amounts were less than the permitted amounts, and the breeding scale in these areas had room to develop.

  Effects of spraying B, Mo and Fe on fruit character and seed yield of Alfalfa 陈述明,王月异,徐常安 and 王玉祥 2015, 31 (29):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050079 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 593KB )   ( 464 ) To found the influence rule of trace elements on seed yield and seed characteristics and provide reference for rational use of trace elements in alfalfa seed production, Medicago sativa L.‘Xinmu No.4’was used as the material and trace elements boron, molybdenum, iron at different concentrations were sprayed during the budding stage of alfalfa. Effects of different trace elements on blossom and fruiting characteristics of alfalfa were studied by measuring the floral traits, podding rate, seed yield, seed characteristics and so on. The results showed that seed number per pod and seed yield of alfalfa were 9.67% and 35%, 12.9% and 17%, 7.5% and 69.46% higher than that of the control group when spraying 4 kg/hm2 borax, 325 g/hm2 ammonium molybdate, 3 kg/hm2 ferrous sulfate, respectively. But podding rate of each treatment group was lower than that of the control group (59.66%). Correlation analysis showed that seed yield of alfalfa had significantly positive correlation with podding rate, seed number per pod and thousand seed weight. Comprehensive analysis revealed that spraying borax, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate at the concentration of 2.98 kg/hm2, 325 g/hm2 and 2.90 kg/hm2 respectively could increase seed number per pod, thousand seed weight and improved seed yield of alfalfa in Changji area of Xingjiang.

  Export Competitiveness of Tilapia Products from China and Indonesia——A Comparative Analysis Based on the United States ’Market 2015, 31 (29):  15-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050156 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 491 ) In order to contrast the tilapia products export competitiveness of China and Indonesia in the United States’ market, this article uses the relevant trade data from 1994 to 2014, to analyze the two countries’ product competitiveness. Competitiveness evaluation methods mainly include the international market share, revealed comparative advantage index and constant market share model. China"s tilapia products’ export to the United States is growing faster than Indonesia. But Indonesia tilapia products have their own brand and export channel. The market price of Indonesia tilapia products is much higher than in China. Chinese tilapia gradually occupied the most markets in the United States. At the same time, Indonesia"s market share is relatively stable. China"s tilapia products in U. S. market have gradually changed from comparative disadvantage to comparative advantage, but Indonesia has more comparative advantage in terms of tilapia exports. According to the perspective of the analysis of constant market share model, competitive effect’s contribution to China"s export growth in the us market is high, which means that the competitiveness of China"s tilapia products is growing, but the rationalization of the structure as well as its contribution to export growth is still lower than that of Indonesia．

  Changing Rule of Physical and Chemical Indicators of Sediment in Tilapia Aquaculture Ponds 2015, 31 (29):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040209 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 612KB )   ( 520 ) To provide basic information for studying balancing mechanism of nutrition environment in aquaculture ponds, sediment samples were collected periodically during the breeding process of tilapia in ponds. Then various types of nutrient content of the samples were detected and the changing rule was summarized. The results showed that dry weight of the sediment and content of TP, TN and TOC generally presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The main production period of each nutrient was from July to September and the production percentage was close to 80% of the total production. The content of NH4 -N increased gradually and reached a peak in early August, then maintained at the peak level. NO2--N content of the sediment in each pond was basically the same in the earlier aquaculture stage and decreased in middle stage with a big difference, then rose again in the later stage.

  Growth Performance of Hybrid Progeny from Different Geographical Ctenopharyngodon idella 2015, 31 (29):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050043 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 454 ) To assess growth performance of hybrid progeny of grass carps from ten different geographical origins (Foshan population, Zhaoqing population, Jingzhou population 1, Jingzhou population 2, Jingzhou population 3, Ezhou population, Yiyang population, Changsha population 1, Changsha population 2 and Jiangsu population), fifteen hybrid combinations were constructed and cultured in the same pond. Body mass was measured at the age of 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 months. Using body mass at the age of 4 months as covariant, growth performance of hybrid progeny was analyzed by covariance analysis. The results showed that the average body mass of Jingzhou population 2♀×Foshan population♂ was 1892.90 g at the age of 18 months and was 3.51%~32.36% higher than that of other hybrid progeny. Multiple comparison analysis showed that average body mass of hybrid progeny of Jingzhou population 2 ♀ × Foshan population ♂ and Jingzhou population 1♀× Foshan population♂ were significantly higher than that of other hybrid progeny (P＜0.05). Jingzhou population 2♀× Foshan population♂ and Jingzhou population 1♀×Foshan population♂ were the optimized choice to produce high quality fry. The results will lay foundation for seeking Ctenopharyngodon idella populations who have rapid growth.

  Effect of water exchange frequency and artificial substrates on hatchery production of Pinctada maxima 2015, 31 (29):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050184 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 457 ) Three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of water exchange frequency and artificial substrates on hatchery production of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima from April 10 to June 27 in 2013. Experiment I: Five groups, named as A1, A2, A3, A4 and A0, were established to evaluate the effects of water exchange frequency on growth and survival of Pinctada maxima larvae. The water exchange in the A1, A2, A3 and A4 were conducted every 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The A0 was control group with water change daily. Experiment II: Four groups, named as B1, B2, B3 and B4 were established to evaluate the effects of artificial substrates types on the settlement of pediveliger larvae. The artificial substrates of B1, B2, B3 and B4 were nylon net, rough plastic sheets, smooth plastic sheets and shade-cloth. Experiment III: Four groups, named as C1, C2, C3 and C4 were established to evaluate the effects of colors of artificial substrates on the settlement of pediveliger larvae. The result showed that the water exchange frequency, substrate type and artificial substrate color had significantly effects on hatchery production of Pinctada maxima. Growth and survival of larvae reared at the water change every 6–9 days were the highest in experiment I. The numbers of Pinctada maxima spat on rough collectors and deep color collectors were the highest in experiment II and in experiment III. Water change every 6-9 days and rough and deep color (red and black) plastic sheets should be used for hatchery production of Pinctada maxima.

  Research Process on Thawing Technology of Aquatic Products 郑晓伟 and 沈建 2015, 31 (29):  39-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060087 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 803 ) Frozen aquatic products must be thawed before they were processed. It would lead to microbial growth and spoilage owing to enzymes and oxidation reaction when thawing time was too long, otherwise the juice inside could not be sufficiently flowed into the cell and would lead to the loss of nutritional components. So choosing the right thawing method was essential for the subsequent processing of aquatic products. In this paper, quality change of aquatic products was described and a review of different kinds of thawing technologies and their fundamental principles, characteristics, and applications in food industry were given. Moreover, the existing problems and future research trends were summarized.

  Effect of Volatile Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides on SOD and POD Isozymes in Root Tip of Vicia faba 胡琬君,, and 2015, 31 (29):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050154 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 3561KB )   ( 399 ) This study aimed to understand the effect of volatile oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on antioxidant system of receptor plants, and provide theoretical basis for clarifying the allelopathic mechanism of C. ambrosioides. Through simulating eluviation and volatilization, the effects of volatile oil from C. ambrosioides (treatment doses were 5, 10, 15, 20 μL and treatment time periods were 24, 48, 72 h respectively) on the characteristics of isozyme bands of supemxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in root tip cells of Vicia faba were compared by electrophoresis. The results showed that in the eluviation, the cell SOD isozyme activities were significantly inhibited by the volatile oil treatment, and a characteristic strong band of POD7 was observed after 48 h treatment. In the volatilization, the SOD isozyme activities were enhanced after the volatile oil treatment, a new characteristic band of POD6 was expressed in higher dose and longer time treatment of the volatile oil (24 h, 20 μL; 48 h, 15-20 μL; 72 h, 10-20 μL). Moreover, SOD isozyme bands showed mainly the changes of band intensity, but POD isozyme bands showed mainly the changes of band number. It was speculated that C. ambrosioides volatile oil may affect the gene expression of SOD and POD isozymes in receptor broad bean root tip cells, of which the responses of POD isozymes could be more sensitive than that of SOD isozymes.

  Comparative Analysis of Fermentation and Enzymolysis of Chickpea Milk Proteins 2015, 31 (29):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060001 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 1494KB )   ( 386 ) The aims were to compare and observe the effects of probiotic fermentation and domestic protease enzymatic hydrolysis on chickpea milk proteins, and compare the ability of enzymolysis method and fermentation method in degrading chickpea milk proteins into small- molecular protein peptides. Alkaline protease and papain were selected for enzymolysis, and the strains Bacillus subtilis, Cordyceps militaris and Lactobacillus plantarum were selected for fermentation. Soluble nitrogen value, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and electrophresis bands of the supernatants were detected at different times. The results showed that, when dealt with alkaline protease for 240 min, the soluble nitrogen value was 0.1389%, and DH was 6.43%; and with papain, the soluble nitrogen value was 0.0972%, and the DH was 4.41%. As to the fermentation method, the degradation effect of Bacillus subtilis was best, the soluble nitrogen value was 0.0895%, and DH was 4.03% when dealt for 8 h. In conclusion, the degradation effect of enzymolysis with short processing time was better than that of microbiological fermentation.

  Preparation of carboxymethylpachymaran(CMP) with high degree of substitution and its injection 2015, 31 (29):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070106 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 558 ) To study the process conditions of carboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) with high degree of substitution and its injection, using Poria cocos powder as raw material, the carboxymethyl reaction process conditions of CMP were optimized by orthogonal experiments. And CMP injection was prepared and tested by performance testing and pharmacology experiment. The results indicated that the obtained CMP had high degree of substitution, high purity and had carboxymethyl reaction characteristics. The optimal process condition for the carboxymethyl group substitution of pachyman was chloroacetic acid: sodium hydroxide=1.15:1, the reaction temperature 75℃, the reaction time 3 h. Under this optimal condition, the degree of carboxymethyl group substitution (DS) was 1.21. The CMP injection was stable, non-toxic, non-pyrogenic and non-irritating, so it was safe and reliable. The CMP could directly inhibit or kill tumor cells, enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages, regulate the immune function of the body. Preparation of CMP and its injection could help to enrich the product type of the polysaccharide, broaden the application scope and provide the early stage theoretical basis for the market investment.

  Species Composition and Occurrence of Beetles (Coleoptera) in Artificial Pasture of Lolium perenne 2015, 31 (29):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050136 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 597 ) The purpose of this paper was to test species composition and occurrence of beetles (Coleoptera) in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) artificial pasture in Dushan County of Guizhou. Sweeping method, pitfall traps along with ocular estimation were used in the field collections, and the occurrence of beetles was summarized based on the collections. 33 species of beetles which belonged to 10 families in Coleoptera were identified. Chaetocnema concinnicollis was the dominant species. The main pests were Atrachya menetriesi, Basilepta fulvipes, Longitarsus succineus, Pagria signata, Neomyllocerus hedini, Nothomyllocerus illitus, Agrypnus musculus and Apogonia cribricollis. The main natural enemy beetles were Chlaenius (Achlaenius) micans, Chlaenius (Pachydinodes) virgulifer, Harpalus sinicus, Pheropsophus javanus, Cylindera kaleea, Brumoides sp. and Propylea japonica. The quantity of other species was low. The species composition of beetles was relatively stable. Chaetocnema concinnicollis was potential beetle pest, which might possibly become one important pests of artificial pasture. The conservation and utilization of natural enemy should be considered in pest control.

  Study on Interval Periods and effects of Fungicides to Control CLS of Beet 2015, 31 (29):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050096 Abstract + ( 1097 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 585 ) This experiment took triazole fungicide as the replace agent of benz-imidazole fungicide to control Cercospora leaf spot for sugar beet. In order to study the effects of fentin acetate, flusilazole and difenoconazole on the interval periods and control of CLS and the yield of sugar beet, field plot experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The results showed that when the interval period was 3 weeks, the control efficiency of per hectare applied with 25% fentin acetate wettable powder 1809 g, 25% flusilazole EW 300 mL and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 600 g was 77.41% , 77.03% and 71.36% , respectively. These 3 fungicides did not significantly affect beet root yield and sugar yield, but significantly increased sugar rate, when the interval period was 3 weeks compared with CK, 3 fungicides could increase sugar rate by 1.16%, 1.56% and 1.25%, respectively.

  Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study on Fungicidal Activity of Flavanone Derivatives 2015, 31 (29):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060009 Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 454 ) In order to study the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity, in this article, based on 34 kinds of flavanone derivatives’ fungicidal activity which used as an indicator, stoichiometry software PCLIENT were used to obtain initial molecular descriptors for each compound, then, binary matrix shuffling filter (BMSF) and worst descriptor elimination multi-round (WDEM) method were successively applied to filter the selected descriptors, and 14 molecular descriptors were retained. Finally, we used multiple linear regression and support vector regression to build the model for all retained descriptors respectively, and analyzed the important influence of each retained descriptor based on the SVR nonlinear explanatory system. The model accuracy is higher based support vector nonlinear regression than multiple linear regression; the importance of 14 retained molecular descriptors is SssO > MATS6e > SeaC2C2aa > EEig04d > EEig03x > C-028 > R7v > L2e > X4A > Mor25m > G1m > Mor17m > BEHv1 > RDF045m, and obtains the high accuracy nonlinear SVR-QSAR model. The established model has certain reliability using our method, and plays the important role in conducting fungicides synthesis.

  Spatial Temporal Characteristic Analysis of Ecological Risk Based on Landscape Type in Beijing 2015, 31 (29):  82-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050027 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 826 ) Ecological risk evaluation is an important method for evaluating ecological risk values of regional ecosystems of different types. How to evaluate the ecological risk quantitatively and qualitatively has always been the hot spot in ecological research. In this paper, the authors constructed a group of ecological risk index, and studied the spatial distribution characteristics, variation pattern and spatial correlation pattern of ecological risk in Beijing through spatial autocorrelation model and geo-statistics. The results showed that during the rapid development from 2000 to 2010, the change in area of landscape types in Beijing ranked in sequence as: water＞artificial＞farmland＞grassland＞unutilized land＞forest; ecological risk of land use had positive spatial correlation in a certain extent and decreased as the fraction size increasing; ecological risk in Beijing decreased firstly and then increased during 2000 to 2010, the strength of ecological risk showed a trend of radial gradual increase from urban to the suburbs and exurbs.

  Ecological Effect and Technology Mode of Rice-duck Farming System Liu Xin,Wang Qiangsheng,Xu Guochun and Feng Jinxia 2015, 31 (29):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040058 Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 527KB )   ( 801 ) Rice-duck farming ecological technology is to leave the ducklings in the paddies all day long, to stimulate the growth of rice, promote the material circulation and improve paddy environment by using ducks’ continuous activities. As a result, a new farming mode was built, which combined planting and feeding together, reduced cost and increased efficiency and promoted the matter cycle. The authors reviewed the impacts of integrated rice-duck farming technology on matter accumulation of rice, strong stem effect, root activity, injurious insects and weeds controlling, biological diversity, soil physical-chemical properties, methane emission and controlling nitrogen loss, and elaborated the successful planting and feeding mode practices of the integrated rice-duck farming ecological implementation such as the release of duckweed, rice-duck farming system with two-batch-duck raising, the release of ducks aged zero day, methane-rice-duck cycling, insect-proof screen mulching and so on. The authors also pointed out the problems that to be solved in integrated rice-duck farming ecological agricultural development, and the study could provide references for the technological theories and practice development of integrated duck-rice farming system.

  Analysis of the Mechanism of Urban Carbon Cycle System and Its Calculation Research 2015, 31 (29):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050011 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 770KB )   ( 666 ) City is the most intensive area of human activities, urban energy consumption and human activities such as industrial manufacture have deeply influenced carbon emission of the urban system, the study of urban carbon cycle system and its calculation has great significance for the research of carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem and global climate change. Through the sorting and analysis of correlational researches both at home and abroad, the organization of urban carbon cycle system was analyzed from the structural features of city external carbon cycle system and urban internal nature-society carbon cycle system. The calculation boundary and factor were analyzed and the main content of calculation was determined. The main methods of urban carbon calculation were summarized and analyzed, aiming to provide reference for the study and practice of urban carbon calculation.

  An Investigation and Study on Species of Wild Heat-clearing Medicinal Plants in Quanzhou, Fujian 2015, 31 (29):  104-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070048 Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 682KB )   ( 941 ) In order to explore and utilize the resources of local wild medicinal plants, a detailed investigation and study on the species of wild medicinal plants was made by specimen collection and literature consultation. In the process of investigation, we discovered that in Quanzhou area the maximum number of the species were heat-clearing medicinal plants, accounting for 106 families, 267 genera, 346 species, and 2 varieties, of which 30 families, 43 genera, 46species were traditional Chinese medicine recorded in the pharmacopoeia of PRC (2010 edition) with the efficacy of clearing heat and resolving toxin, clearing heat and draining fire, clearing heat and cooling blood, clearing heat and drying damp, and clearing vacuity heat. Among the medicinal plants mentioned above, 46 families, 76 species could be used as drugs to resist cancers, and 47 families, 83 species could be used as drugs to treat various liver diseases. Numerous species of wild heat-clearing medicinal plants were widely distributed in Quanzhou area with high medicinal value and they were worth further development and utilization.

  Land System Vulnerability Analysis Based on Carbon Effect in Yingjing 2015, 31 (29):  113-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050085 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 957KB )   ( 587 ) Regional land use change directly influences ecosystem function of land system, and the transformation of ecosystem service value would lead to land vulnerability. The author aimed at assessing the response mechanism of land system vulnerability by net carbon emission. Through the analysis of carbon emissions and carbon stock fluctuation caused by the land use change (including cultivated land, forest land, garden plot, construction land and other land) in Yingjing, the author obtained the variation tendency of net carbon emissions in the study area. The results showed that: (1) the net carbon emission of land system of Yingjing showed an increasing trend; (2) the increasing carbon emissions was mainly due to fossil fuel consumption; (3) the land system vulnerability of Yingjing increased during 1997 to 2011. Carbon emissions could be decreased in the study area by the methods of adjusting industrial structure rationally, optimizing the land resource distribution, developing clean energy and improving the energy structure, meanwhile, carbon stock could be improved by developing ecological agriculture and ecological tourism .

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality in Kuqa County Based on GIS 2015, 31 (29):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050132 Abstract + ( 1068 )   PDF ( 709KB )   ( 484 ) The comprehensive evaluation of soil quality has important practical significance on the scientific utilization and management of land resources, and it is an important part in the research of agricultural sustainable development. Based on the field sampling data of Kuqa County, the authors adopted comprehensive evaluation model of soil quality index (SQI), and with the support of geo-statistics analysis module in ArcGIS, carried out the (Kriging) spatial interpolation of soil quality index. The research results showed that the soil quality index of arable layer in Kuqa County was mostly 0.3-0.6, SQI value of minority areas was less than 0.3 or more than 0.6. The spatial distribution of soil quality index showed a banded and patches shape distribution, soil comprehensive quality in the north and south direction was higher than that in east and west direction, and the trend decreased from the middle of oasis to oasis periphery. Due to the impact of human activities during cultivation, soil quality in the middle of the study area was better than that of the surrounding area.

  Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Solid Wastes Fertilizer Transformed Technology 周玮 2015, 31 (29):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050137 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 458 ) A fertilizer transformed technology evaluation indicator system was established in order to make a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the efficiency and function of agricultural solid wastes fertilizer transformed technology. Through the analysis and evaluation of currently available mature and engineeringoriented application of fertilizer transformed technology, this study constructed an evaluation indicator system which consisted of a three-level of“objective-criterion-indicator”and twenty-seven individual evaluation indexes. In the process of evaluation, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to fix the weight of each index, based on the study of fertilizer transformed technology evaluation indicator system and evaluation approach, the fuzzy comprehensive method was also adopted to evaluate 8 kinds of commonly used fertilizer transformed technologies at home and abroad. The evaluation results showed that windrow composting was the typical fertilizer transformed technology in Central China; slot machine composting technology was the typical fertilizer transformed technology in Northeast China; while static bed composting was the typical fertilizer transformed technology in Southwest China. And two typical projects in Liaoning and Beijing were chosen to test the model with fertilizer transformed technology, the actual situation was consistent with the result, and thus the proposed fertilizer transformed technology evaluation indicator system and evaluation approach were applicable.

  Influencing Factors and Strengthening Measures of Nitrogen Removal in a Multi-media Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration System (SWIS) 2015, 31 (29):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040202 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 377 ) Subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) has natural advantages in the treatment of decentralized wastewater compared with the traditional sewage treatment processes, and attracts extensive attention and deep research. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) are relatively higher by SWIS, while lower nitrogen removal rate needs to be improved. The influencing factors of nitrogen removal, such as oxidation reduction potential (ORP), carbon source, operation performance and external environment, were introduced in detail in this paper. The strengthening measures were also summarized, and the research direction was put forward in addition. Nitrogen removal rate could be strengthened by weight sequencing of influencing factors, combined application of multiple strengthening measures and functions, and the improvement of the performance of microorganisms, which could enrich the theory meaning of nitrogen removal and expand the application scope of the SWIS.

  Influence of Farming System on Methane Emission from Paddy Fields 2015, 31 (29):  141-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040135 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 386 ) Methane (CH4) is recognized as an important greenhouse gas, which comes from vast quantity of ecologic plots, especially paddy fields. However, the global warming potential of CH4 is 25-30 times as much as that of carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane emission from paddy field is the result of a complex array of soil processes involving plant microbe interaction, such as CH4 production, CH4 oxidation and CH4 transportation and many factors influencing the CH4 release of paddy fields. Among them, farming practices is one of the most important factors. This paper reviewed the contribution of farmer practices on CH4 in production, oxidation and emission, and put forward strategies to mitigate methane emissions from rice cultivation.

  Study on the Prediction of Heat Index for Corn in Liaoning Province 2015, 31 (29):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040165 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 678KB )   ( 527 ) In this study, Using the average temperature of ten days from 1961 to 2010, the corn heat indexes in Liaoning province are calculated. Based on the statistic analysis between heat index and atmospheric circulation data, the forecasting models the corn heat index is developed. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the predicted and observed values of heat index in these 5 corn-growing regions that is the east Liaoning, the south Liaoning, the west Liaoning, the north Liaoning and the Central Region during the period from 2000 to 2010 are 97.3%,95.4%,98.2%,97.5% and 98.5% respectively. The model can be used to forecast heat status in the growth and development period of corn in Liaoning province.

  Influence of Climate Change on the Production of Winter Wheat and Corn in Henan Province from 1951 to 2012 2015, 31 (29):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040137 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 1013KB )   ( 616 ) Under the background of the historical climate change of Henan Province from 1951 to 2012, the author carried out quantitative research on the impact of climatic factors change on the productivity of winter wheat and corn corresponding to their different growth periods. Using the historical meteorological data provided by the national weather service site, the author drew the contour map of average temperature and precipitation with wavelet coefficients based on Matlab and Surfer 8.0. By quadratic function fitting trend yield, the author isolated the historical meteorological yield of winter wheat and corn. After stepwise regression analysis by SPSS, the author built a regression model which contained climate yield as the dependent variable, climate factors of different growth periods as independent variables. The results showed that: (1) in the change process of annual precipitation in Henan Province, there were multiple time scale features, the small wave center in 36-58 years, 15-35 years and 8-14 years appeared alternately plus or minus, showing a periodic change rule; on 18 years scale, the average annual temperature stayed in an rising trend till 2012; (2) for winter wheat, under the condition that other independent variables remained the same, the precipitation increase 1 mm during its overwintering period, the meteorological yield would reduce 2.21 thousand tons; the average temperature of overwintering stage increase 1℃, the meteorological yield would reduce 132.77 thousand tons; the precipitation increase 1 mm during the second growth stage , meteorological yield woud reduce 1.49 thousand tons; (3) for corn, under the condition that other independent variables remained the same, the precipitation increase 1 mm during its vegetative growth period, meteorological yield would reduce 0.03 thousand tons, the average temperature of the vegetative stage increase 1℃, the meteorological yield would reduce 63.89 thousand tons; the precipitation increased 1 mm during its reproductive stage, meteorological yield would reduce 1.59 thousand tons. As a whole, the influences of both temperature and precipitation changes on meteorological yield were negative. And the influence of temperature change on food production was more significant than that of precipitation change. Comparing the two regression models, the author found that the winter wheat had higher sensitivity to climate change than corn..

  Wheat Drought Characteristics in Eastern Weibei Plateau and Its Regulation 2015, 31 (29):  158-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050176 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 383 ) In order to clarify the soil characteristics of wheat in Weibei plateau and adopt corresponding water conservation measures, the author calculated the drought characteristics values according to the original soil moisture data in Heyang County, eastern Weibei. The results showed that the soil moisture arid line was 14.1%, and the wheat was below the dry line from early March to early August. In the dry years, the soil profiles of most soil layers were of great drought degree, and the minimum drought degree was 22.8%, resulting in the dry output of wheat. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, deficit ullage was 203.0 mm, water content ratio was only 61.9% , water consumption was about 300- 340 mm, 50%- 65% of it came from precipitation during the growing period. From the test, we could see that water balance values were negative in the type of field, indicating poor water conditions in the wheat growth period. Based on the results, the author puts forward the control measures such as summer fallow period, straw coverage, mechanized conservation tillage and reasonable fertilization.

  Study on Dry-wet Condition and Disaster Loss Evaluation of Crop in Hefei During 1980-2009 2015, 31 (29):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040193 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 598 ) Based on the relative humidity index of agricultural drought and crop damage data, this paper analyzed the conventional observation data and crop yield data of six meteorological stations in Hefei from 1980 to 2009 and disclosed the temporal and spatial variation of drought in Hefei and the yield damage caused by drought. This paper also analyzed the relationship between the crop damage rate and the relative humidity index, and set up the criteria of drought risk related to the relative humidity index for the two typical crops: wheat and rice. The results showed that the relative humidity index of Hefei was normal or humid. It was more humid in the south than in the north, meanwhile, the surface humid index decreased by 0.048 per decade. The threshold value of different drought grades (mild, moderate and heavy drought) on the base of relative humidity index was from -2.0983 to -3.4281 for wheat, and from -0.9371 to -2.5660 for rice. In general, the wheat had more tolerance to drought than rice, so the rice had higher risk in drought.

  Risk Assessment of Chilling Damage to Early Rice and Analysis of Atmospheric Circulation Background in Quzhou 2015, 31 (29):  168-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050151 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 1016KB )   ( 443 ) The paper aims to study the damage caused by early spring chilling injury in rice seedling emergence period with the daily meteorological observation data of 1960-2012 in Quzhou. The authors started from the meteorological factors, established a quantitative evaluation model, analyzed the severe chilling injury in early spring atmospheric circulation background, in order to improve the early spring chilling damage forecast and warning level, and to deal with the serious threat of chilling damage in spring to early rice, which was of significance to ensure grain production safety. With the application of NCEP 1°×1°, 500 hPa and 850 hPa data, the authors analyzed the atmospheric circulation background of the severe cold springs from the height field and temperature field distribution. The result showed that the frequency of chilling damage in spring was once 3 to 4 years from 1960 to 1997, the strongest strength period was in 1987 to 1997. After 2000, there were fewer low temperature occurrences in spring. Throughout the years of comprehensive evaluation index, there were serious spring rice chilling damages in Quzhou in 1987, 1993, 1996 and 2010, corresponding to the abnormal climate at the same time. The comprehensive evaluation index was closely related to early rice yield, it could objectively reflect the degree of risk of chilling injury. In years with serious early spring chilling damage, the Asia Pacific region showed radial circulation in early and middle of April, which drove the cold air to go southward frequently, resulted in low temperature in the downstream area of the Long River. The subtropical high was strong, the south branch trough and southwest warm wet air occurred actively, caused the weather to be rainy and overcast in the Long River region. The favorable configurations of westerlies, subtropical and tropical system were the atmospheric circulation background of early spring low temperature injury.

  Impact of Extreme Climatic Events on Mustard Cultivation in Fuling District, Chongqing 2015, 31 (29):  174-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050155 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 407 ) In order to study the impact of frequently extreme climate events on the mustard cultivation in Fuling District and improve the yield and quality, the authors used the meteorological observation data from 1953 to 2010, including temperature and precipitation and the yield data of mustard from 1991 to 2010, and analyzed the correlation between the yield of mustard and the extreme climate events by statistical analysis, climate yield, correlation analysis, good and bad harvest years analysis. The results showed that the extreme high temperature, low temperature, drought and heavy rain affected the yield of mustard obviously. The late summer drought in the germination period and the extreme low temperature in the flowering and fruiting period had the greatest impact on it. From August to September, especially in early August, the extreme high temperature would reduce the yield, which in October was not obvious. During the stigmas period and the flowering and fruiting period, extreme low temperature would decrease the yield of mustard. In August, drought would cause difficulty in sowing, which was not obvious in early September. In August, storms could destroy seeding and germination of mustard. This study showed the importance of agricultural meteorological service, which was beneficial for the sustainable and stable development of mustard cultivation.

  Climate Characteristic Analysis of Loess Plateau Areas in Qingyang, Gansu in Recent 35 Years 2015, 31 (29):  181-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050147 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 888KB )   ( 585 ) The paper aims to provide theory basis to the agricultural and economic development of the loess plateau region by means of the climate characteristic research to Qingyang Region, Gansu Province, which is built under the global climate change. The climate characteristics and change rules of Qingyang loess plateau areas was analyzed through various statistical method according to the rainfall, temperature, sunshine duration and other meteorological elements from the 8 stations in Qingyang District during recent 35 years. The result showed that: there was uneven seasonal rainfall distribution and distinction between wet and dry season. Heavy rainfall appeared from April to September; the tendency of annual precipitation in the middle and south-east area reduced, while it was reverse in the north-west area; the temperature difference lied in gully region having low temperature in winter and high one in summer compared with other plains and mountainous areas. Annual average temperature was in an increasing tendency, in which winter played a more important role; there was an increase in the mean annual sunshine duration in the north-west and middle area, on the contrary, south-east declines apparently. April to August was the high sunshine duration area. Besides, sunshine duration in summer was longer about an hour than that in winter.

  Research Progress of Rubber Meteorology 2015, 31 (29):  191-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050181 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 582KB )   ( 417 ) As one of the four industrial raw materials, natural rubber is a very important strategic material. Weather conditions are the key factors for the cultivation and growth of rubber tree. At present, the research content of rubber meteorology in China is comparatively rich, but has not yet been systematically summarized. Based on a brief summary of the rubber planting situation in China, the paper reviewed the rubber meteorological research progress in China from 3 respects: (1) the relationship of the introduction, cultivation and growth of the rubber trees with the meteorological factors such as temperature, moisture, illumination, etc.; (2) the meteorological disasters and the prevention; (3) the meteorological services for rubber tree planting. Finally the problems existing in the rubber meteorological research and the future development orientation were discussed, aiming to provide references for researchers.

  Distribution of Water Budgetin the Northwest part of Tibet during 1980-2009 2015, 31 (29):  198-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050035 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 2235KB )   ( 408 ) In order to well-understand dry and wet climatic conditions in the northwest part of Tibet, this study investigates the distribution and its variation tendency of climatic water budget in above region based on the meteorological observation in the past 30 years along with Penman-Monteith equation. Results show that the variation of water budget in the study region generally exhibits deficit tendency in its spatial distribution. Whatever the annual or the seasonal water deficit, all of them gradually decrease from the west to the east part. The annual and seasonal water deficit expresses decreasing tendency in the north part of Tibet which shows that water deficit has assuasive trend during 1980-2009. The most noticeably water deficit decrease appears in summer, then followed by that in spring and the amplitude reduction of water deficit in autumn is the smallest. The annual water budget and that in summer and winter persists significant sudden change. The water budget is negatively related to the air temperature, wind speed and sunshine duration while positively related to the relative humidity and precipitation. As a whole, increasing precipitation, decreasing sunshine duration and wind speed might be the major meteorological reasons to the decrease of water budget.

  Variation Characteristics and Influence Factors Analysis of Evaporation in Huan County in Recent 60 Years 刘 英,,张永霞,韩晶,杜军 and 车向军 2015, 31 (29):  206-211.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070029 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 599KB )   ( 683 ) In order to study the land water cycle characteristics and drought disaster process and mechanism based on meteorological data in Huan County from 1958 to 2014, the seasonal and inter-annual variation trend, periodic mutation characteristics and impact factors of the 57 years were analyzed. The results showed that the inter- annual variability of evaporation was obvious, and the biggest evaporation of year and four seasons occurred in the late 1950s, the minimum evaporation appeared after 2000. The correlation analysis found that the evaporation capacity was positively correlated with average wind speed, average temperature and sunshine duration, but negatively correlated with relative humidity, precipitation. Analysis indicated that the major reason of evaporation decreasing in Huan County was the decrease of wind speed, and the second was the decrease of sunshine duration and the increase of precipitation.

  Analysis on Climatic Characteristic of Hail Weather Variations in Shanxi Province 2015, 31 (29):  212-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050087 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 2188KB )   ( 468 ) To master climatic characteristic of hail weather variations in Shanxi Province can provide reference resources for meteorological forecast and industrial and agricultural production. The author carried out the study by using observations of 71 stations in Shanxi Province from 1960 to 2010 based on statistics methods, such as liner trend, slide test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that hail days were more in the north and in the east, fewer in the southwest. The total hail days of 71 stations presented a declining trend from 1960 to 2010 without remarkable periodicity and mutability. The annual hail days at most stations had a declining trend. Hail mainly occurred from June to August in summer, and accounted for 67% of the total number of hail in a year. The spatial distribution characteristics of monthly hail days were different. Hail emerged most easily at Wutaishan station. Monthly hail days change is larger in the mountain areas than in the basin areas. The daily variation trend of beginning and completed hail was similar to parabola,The high time were both mainly concentrated in 11:00-20:00 and accounted for 93%. Hail lasting for less than an hour accounted for 99.6%. In an hour, hail lasting for less than 10 min for 80.6%.

  Study on Temperature Changes in Recent 56 Years in Liaoning Province 2015, 31 (29):  221-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050117 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 496 ) The paper aims to analyze the current situation of temperature changes in Liaoning Province.According to the meteorological data, such as annual average temperature, average maximum temperature, average minimum temperature and extreme maximum and extreme minimum temperature from 23 meteorological stations in 1958 to 2013 in Liaoning Province, The authors adopted the methods such as the climate tendency rate, moving average, Mann- Kendall mutation test and the inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) to analyze the characteristics of temperature change in recent 56 years in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the average annual temperature of Liaoning Province had an obvious rising trend on the whole, especially after 1990s, the increase of the average annual temperature trend was more significant. Affected by the latitude and the location of the land and sea differences and other factors, the spatial distribution of annual average temperature of Liaoning Province was gradually enhanced from northeast to southwest. In the whole time domain, average annual temperature fluctuations had a point mutation, which happened in 1988. And there were 3 main cycles, the first main cycle was for 12 a, the second and the third main cycle were for 21-22 a and 8 a respectively, all the main cycles had certain decadal variability.

  Risk Assessment of Rainstorm and Flood Disasters in Flood Season in the Northern Foot of Qingling Mountain Based on Information Diffusion Method 2015, 31 (29):  235-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040186 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 688KB )   ( 395 ) In order to scienticly support the disaster prevention and reduction work in leisure tourism area of northern foot of Qingling Mountain, using the data of daily precipitation including 22 meteorological stations in flood season (from May to October) during 1976-2010 in the northern foot of Qingling Mountain, the changing climate characteristics and the risk of rainstorm and flood disasters in flood season were analyzed by the methods of anomaly analysis, Mann-Kendall test and information diffusion theory. Results showed that regional precipitation and rainstorm frequency of the northern foot of Qingling Mountain in flood season had obvious geographical differents, which decrease from south to north by both, and the high value center of regional precipitation and rainstorm frequency all located in central and south of southern Shaanxi; The regional precipitation and rainstorm frequency of the northern foot of Qingling Mountain in flood season increased during 1980-1989 firstly, decreased significantly during 1990-1999, grew again since entering the new century, and appeared an abrupt decline in 1989 and 1991 respectively; With the increasing of risk level, the probability of occurrence of rainstorm and flood disasters appeared to decrease. The risk of rainstorm and flood disasters in the northern foot of Qingling Mountain in flood season showed a increasing trend form north to south. The north of Hanzhong and the west of Ankang were the high value area of disaster risk.

  10 Years Remote Sensing Monitoring Analysis of Desertification Land of Representative Region in Hunshandake 陈佳楠,邓芳,乌恩图,吴文俊,蔡丽艳 and 马海龙 2015, 31 (29):  235-242.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050144 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 358 ) Through the remote sensing monitoring of the representative region in Hunshandake Sandy Land, the authors interpreted the SPOT5 remote sensing image of 2003 and 2012 by ArcGIS 9.3, and the land-use type, vegetation coverage, desertification type and degree were analyzed by the quantitative method and qualitative method. The results showed that after 10 years ecological treatment, the vegetation coverage increased by 7.3% and the regional forest coverage increased by 6.9%. The ecological protection system was preliminarily formed and the ecological environment was improved significantly. But the phenomena of overgrazing and bringing wasteland into cultivation still existed in local region. The regional ecological condition presented a trend of integral-containment, regional improvement and local deterioration, the regional ecological construction was in the vital stage between governance and destruction.

  Research on Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Model with Multi-parameters based on Remote Sensing and the analysis of yield influencing factors 2015, 31 (29):  241-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050125 Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 754KB )   ( 598 ) [Yield estimation research has great significance in making food policy, economic planning and the scientific macro- control of food. Aiming at those problems that most previous linear remote sensing yield estimation models were mainly based on the research of NDVI and LAI, and the multicollinearity among those remote sensing parameters, this paper chose six cities: Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Handan, Xingtai, Hengshui and Cangzhou, which lie in southern of Hebei Province, as the study area. The accumulated values of the optimal temporal NDVI and LAI in the planting region and the different months’surface temperature during 2000 to 2008 were selected as yield estimation indexes. The paper put forward a modified formula to correct the NDVI and LAI. Then, the principal component analysis was carried out on all the remote sensing parameters, and four yield estimation models were established by the corresponding principal components and the actual yield data. The data of 2009 was used to verify the accuracy of the models. The results showed that R2 of the four models were between 0.714 and 0.818, and the precisions of all were above 93.0%. Among them, the model integrating all remote sensing parameters achieved the best imitative effect. And R2 was 0.818, the yield estimation accuracy reached 95%; the precision of the model introducing the component of temperature was higher than that only using NDVI and LAI as the parameters; and the deeper analysis of the influence of various parameters on the yield estimation showed that the day-and-night surface temperature difference in the mid-April and the mid-May would have a great influence on the yield of winter wheat.

  Brief Analysis of Agricultural Book Ma Shou Nong Yan of Qing Dynasty 2015, 31 (29):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060030 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 825KB )   ( 657 ) To promote agricultural civilization of ancient China, Ma Shou Nong Yan, an agricultural book written by Qi Junzao, the Grand Secretary and the Military Planning Minister of late Qing Dynasty was discussed comprehensively. Reform of rural customs, culture and agricultural economic management, as well as local farming experiences and planting technologies that Qi Junzao proposed to improve local agricultural production were summarized in this article. This book was geared to actual circumstances and generated positive guidance at that time. Ideological level and academic level of Ma Shou Nong Yan were high. Today, recognition and researching on Ma Shou Nong Yan again have great significance for developing, utilizing, protecting and carrying forward Chinese agricultural heritage and absorbing its valuable cultural nutrition. Reading this book is especially necessary for fostering Chinese national pride and patriotism and the purification of rural folk customs.

  Comparative Study on the Development of Creative Agriculture in China and Germany 2015, 31 (29):  253-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040072 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 624 ) Creative agriculture is a kind of industry that combines agriculture and creative cultural activities,and in turn adds value to agricultural production. Developed countries took the lead in developing creative agriculture, and achieved remarkable results. German, as one of the pioneers in the development of creative agriculture, launched this industry very early and now creative agriculture in German is with large scale. Exploring the development of creative agriculture in Germany and China may shade light on advancing development patterns, mechanism and functions of creative agriculture in China. By comparing development patterns and characteristics of creative agriculture between Germany and China, the authors found that there were distinctions in terms of business entity, government support, system rationality, citizens’participation, distribution range and specific functions. Thus, in order to further develop creative agriculture in China, more attention should be paid to social value factors and the nature of agriculture should be restored. Meanwhile, the authors suggested that China should take advantage of geographic environment, push forward urbanization, break through the bottleneck of the Sannong issues, expand creative thinking and finally build creative agriculture with Chinese characteristics.

  Symbiotic Relationship of Agriculture and Tourism in Wuling Mountain Area 朱湖英 and 杨洪 2015, 31 (29):  259-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050025 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 728KB )   ( 370 ) In order to promote coordinated development of agriculture and tourism, which were the two pillar industries in Wuling Mountain Area, symbiotic relationship between agriculture and tourism was analyzed by industrial symbiosis theory. Symbiotic evolution model of agricultural and tourism was built by Logistic model based on the symbiotic relationship. Stability of the model was analyzed and model parameters were estimated by differential evolution algorithm. Then the model was tested using data of agriculture and tourism in Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi (called as Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture for short) from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that the symbiotic behavior pattern of agriculture and tourism of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture was an asymmetric mutualism pattern. Positive feedback effect that agriculture brought to tourism was much greater than that tourism brought to agriculture. Therefore, the author suggested that tourism should be strengthened to nurture agriculture in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, and a fair income distribution mechanism between agriculture and tourism should be established for promoting the symmetric symbiotic evolution of agriculture and tourism.

  Study of Ecological Optimum Population of Liaocheng Based on Ecological Footprint Model 2015, 31 (29):  267-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040069 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 539KB )   ( 457 ) The paper studied the moderate ecological carrying capacity of economic and population development in Liaocheng City in order to maintain the sustainable development and ecological security. The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity from 2006 to 2011 were calculated by models, the differences between the ecological optimum population (EOP) and the actual conditions were analyzed. The results showed that: the actual population of Liaocheng City was in an increase trend from 2006 to 2011, but EOP was declining. Liaocheng faced the problems of being over- populated and ecological deficit, with a relatively large contradiction between man and land. The paper reflected the unreasonable relationship of ecology, population and economy in this region, and put forward the optional ways for sustainable development of Liaocheng City.

  SWOT Analysis and Development Strategy Research of Sichuan Tobacco Industry 2015, 31 (29):  273-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040062 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 507 ) To clarify the condition of Sichuan tobacco industry in the market competition, improve the core competitiveness and promote the sustainable development of tobacco industry, SWOT model was used to analyze the competitive situation of tobacco industry in Sichuan Province from the perspective of influencing elements on the competitiveness. The results showed that the competitive advantages of Sichuan tobacco in the market were natural resources, infrastructure, variety and productive force. Competition disadvantages were production technology, tobacco quality and service system. Through constructing SWOT matrix, the authors put forward the development strategy of improving the core competitiveness of Sichuan tobacco industry market, and provided reference for the development of Sichuan tobacco industry in the future. Results of SWOT economic analysis indicated that the development of tobacco industry in Sichuan was good, conditions for improving the core competitiveness were obtained, and the practical operation was feasible.

  SWOT Analysis of Tourism Development of Beijing Lingshan Scenic Spot 2015, 31 (29):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070045 Abstract + ( 1530 )   PDF ( 613KB )   ( 2987 ) As the natural ecological protective screen of the west region in Beijing, the development of Lingshan scenic spot has a far-reaching effect on ecology and tourism of Beijing area. To provide reference for tourism development, SWOT method was used to analyze the development of Lingshan scenic spot. The results showed that the advantages of this area included rich resources, complete infrastructure, policy advantages, ecological restoration base, and ecological restoration project. The weaknesses of this scenic spot included the shortage of ideological understanding and tourism talents, single type of tourism product, inconvenient transportation and the difficulty in grazing prohibition. The opportunities included the tourism flourish, healthy consumption of citizens, good prospects of development and powerful strategic guide. The threats included fierce competition, the shortage of tourism culture development, poor scenic management and the fragility of ecological environment. The results of SWOT showed that Lingshan tourism development should adopt the“S O”strategy and develop agricultural ecotourism actively.

  Game of Price, Value and Stability——A Multi-angle Analysis of Mortgage of House-site in the Countryside 2015, 31 (29):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040187 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 499 ) This article aims to analyze the focus of different stakeholders’ pursuit of the homestead “use efficiency”. Taking the unity of the three kinds of behavior as the starting point, benefit allocation among the nation, financial institutions and farmers was analyzed under the background of the lack of land property rights. Different benefits from three levels were quantified and significant higher indexes were chosen using the binary Logistic model and the Wald method in SPSS software. The results showed that the farmers’ behavior had the general characteristics of “rational economic man”, but also had blindness, so it was difficult to maintain the steady development. Financial institutions could not implement the relevant operation of homestead mortgage within the framework of the relevant laws and regulations. At the same time it was hard to evaluate the value of the homestead objectively. Government needed to perfect the relevant laws and regulations for rural homestead entering the market, promote infrastructure construction, increase rural assets value, improve farmers’ ability of resisting risks and repaying the loan. The pointcut for rural homestead mortgage entering market was the establishment of “law” and the determination of “right”.