Abstract: In order to clarify the soil characteristics of wheat in Weibei plateau and adopt corresponding water conservation measures, the author calculated the drought characteristics values according to the original soil moisture data in Heyang County, eastern Weibei. The results showed that the soil moisture arid line was 14.1%, and the wheat was below the dry line from early March to early August. In the dry years, the soil profiles of most soil layers were of great drought degree, and the minimum drought degree was 22.8%, resulting in the dry output of wheat. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, deficit ullage was 203.0 mm, water content ratio was only 61.9% , water consumption was about 300- 340 mm, 50%- 65% of it came from precipitation during the growing period. From the test, we could see that water balance values were negative in the type of field, indicating poor water conditions in the wheat growth period. Based on the results, the author puts forward the control measures such as summer fallow period, straw coverage, mechanized conservation tillage and reasonable fertilization.