Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.30 Published:29 October 2015

  Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Germination and Seedling Stages of Indica Male Sterile Lines Pan Xiaobiao,Duan Min,Xie Liujie,Chen Jian,Huang Shanjun and Xu Jianlong 2015, 31 (30):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040129 Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 1444KB )   ( 640 ) In order to identify the salt tolerance of indica male sterile lines in different development stages and screen out the appropriate male sterile lines with high salt-tolerance for further hybrid rice combination, 8 indica male sterile lines were identified for salt tolerance during germination and seedling stages, FL478 and IR29 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results showed that the germination of rice seeds was inhibited by salt stress, and the inhibiting effect was enhanced with the increase of salt concentration. 10 g/L NaCl could be selected as the best concentration for salt-tolerant identification, the tolerant differences among lines were obvious under this concentration in germination stage. ‘Huhan 7A’ and Y58S revealed the best salt tolerance during germination stage, which belonged to the first salt-tolerance level just like FL478. Meanwhile, ‘Quan 9311A’ also showed strong salt tolerance which belonged to level 3. The growth of rice seedling was also inhibited by salt stress, and the percentage of withered leaves under 8 g/L NaCl could be used as an index to reveal the salt-tolerance level during seedling stage. Salt tolerance of ‘Huhan 11A’ was similar to that of the positive control FL478.

  Studies on Se-enriched Rice Production and the Effect of Se-enrichment Yue Shizhong,Li Shengnan,Qiao Yuhui,Li Huafen and Wang Ruiping 2015, 31 (30):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050127 Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 1444 ) More than 20-year literatures about Se-enriched rice were reviewed to analyze the production and Se content of Se-enriched rice. The results showed that the fertilizer was mainly applied by foliage spray, which accounted for 92.86% of all samples; the main kinds of selenium fertilizers included organic selenium fertilizer (67.35%) and inorganic selenium fertilizer (32.65%); the researches were concentrated in rice heading stage (36.54%) and full panicle stage (21.15%); a reduction of yield was caused when the application amount was over 20 g/hm2; foliage spray of organic Se-enriched fertilizer could increase the yield with an average of 5.55% (-3.09%—18.77%), and selenium content of rice was 0.24 mg/kg on average (0.04—0.78 mg/kg). The application of inorganic sodium selenite could increase the yield by 7.36% on average (-7.20%—20.0%), the selenium content was 4.04 mg/kg on average (0.09—53.39 mg/kg). The selenium content of 60% rice samples was beyond the standard of selenium-rich rice (DB34/T 847—2008) under the application of inorganic selenium fertilizer. Overall, only 38.96% of rice samples could meet the standard of DB34/T 847—2008. Therefore, organic selenium fertilizer was recommended in the production of Se-enriched rice and inorganic sodium selenite selenium fertilizer should be less applied.

  Study on Suitable Sowing Date and Transplanting Seedling Age of Koshihikari Cultivated as Summer Rice After Wheat Zhao Li,Wang Xinjuan,Shi Chunyu and Guo Xijuan 2015, 31 (30):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050128 Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 1485KB )   ( 440 ) In order to find the suitable sowing date and its high-yield growing characters, the effect of different sowing dates on the growing development and yield of koshihikari under the condition of cultivation after wheat in Huanghuai Area was researched. Two year’s field experiments were carried out with a randomized block design and three replications using the material of Koshihikari. There were four treatments of sowing date in 2013: T1 (May 1st), T2 (May 11th), T3 (May 21st) and T4 (May 31st), and the transplanting was on June 27th. The same treatments of sowing date were designed in 2014 and the transplanting was on June 30th. The result of 2013 showed that the difference of yield between T3 and T4 was not significant: T3 was the highest: 6681.8 kg/hm2 (sown on May 21st, 37 days of seedling age), T4 was the second: 6533.2 kg/hm2 (sown on May 31st, 27 days of seedling age). The result of 2014 showed that the difference of yield between T′3 and T′4 was not significant: the yield of T′3 was the highest: 6866.4 kg/hm2 (sown on May 21st, 40 days of seedling age). The second was T′4: 6647.4 kg/hm2 (sown on May 31st, 30 days of seedling age). By two years’ experiments, the composite agronomic-traits of sowing on May 21st were proved to be the best, that of sowing on May 31st were the second, showing concentrated tillering, low tiller position, high percentage of the first tillers, trim population growing, no early senility in the later-period growth, resisting to lodging, good color of maturity and high yield. The results showed that the suitable sowing date of koshihikari was in the late of May for summer rice after wheat in Huanghuai Area. Its whole growing period was 127 days and its available seedling age was about 35 days (6-7 leaves) and it matured on about Oct.1st. Delaying the sowing date appropriately was the key measure of avoiding early senility and lodging and increasing the yield.

  Effect of Summer Fallow Period Precipitation on Wheat Yield in Fushan and the Countermeasures 2015, 31 (30):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040143 Abstract + ( 1089 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 648 ) The paper aims to study the effect of precipitation of summer fallow period (July-September) in Fushan on winter wheat production next year, make a forecast for wheat yield, and put forward the countermeasures to guide wheat production while avoiding disadvantages. By analyzing the precipitation of summer fallow period (July-September) and winter wheat production next year during 1980-2009 in Fushan, Shanxi Province, the authors used the SPSS software to separate the trend yield and meteorological yield, and established the regression equation of wheat yield. Through the analysis of meteorological yield and precipitation of summer fallow period, the logarithmic equation of the two was established and the wheat yield forecast model: Y = 2.995T 68.102lnX-254.578 was set up. The results showed that: the fitting rate of precipitation of summer fallow period (July-September) and winter wheat production next year in Fushan was high, the highest prediction accuracy was 99%, and the average prediction accuracy was 80%. In conclusion, the precipitation of summer fallow period (July-September) in Fushan county and winter wheat yield next year had significant correlation, the forecasting accuracy was high; but without the consideration of the precipitation impact on winter wheat in the growth period, in case of large-scale and serious natural disasters, the forecast accuracy might be greatly reduced.

  Preliminary Survey on the Phenomenon of Wheat Flag Leaves Rolling After Spring Cold Damage Peng Xueke,Lu Dianjun,Zhang Wei,Xu Zhen,Liu Quanqing and Zhang Hongyan 2015, 31 (30):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040092 Abstract + ( 1150 )   PDF ( 1505KB )   ( 571 ) In order to understand the phenomenon of wheat flag leaves rolling after spring cold damage and the influencing factor and its influence on yield, a survey was carried out on 120 fields of 10 villages in Quzhou, Hebei in 2014 after spring cold damage. Meanwhile, a field experiment was conducted to study the relationship between the wheat flag leaves rolling and the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The results showed that 94.2% of the investigated wheat fields in Quzhou had wheat flag leaves rolling damage with different degrees caused by spring cold, and the average rate of rolling flag leaves was 11.2%. Compared with the wheat plant unaffected by spring cold damage, the grain number of per spike of the damaged wheat plant reduced significantly, with the single panicle weight reduced by 10.6%. The occurrence degree of flag leaves rolling remarkably decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application rate and phosphorus concentration in wheat plants; flag leaves rolling had no significant correlation with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rate and nitrogen and potassium concentration in wheat plants. Thus, it is indicated that the flag leaves rolling caused by spring cold could be alleviated by enhanced phosphate nutrition.

  Effects of Different Irrigation Models on Yield, Distribution and Transport of Dry-matter of Wheat Plant Li Xiaohang,Yang Lijuan,Sheng Kun and Jiang Zhikai 2015, 31 (30):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050183 Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 1405KB )   ( 689 ) The study aims to select suitable varieties with drought resistance, water saving and high efficiency in the region, and explore an irrigation model matching these varieties, which can improve the water use efficiency. The essay can provide theory basis for dry farming water-saving culture and drought resistance breeding of wheat cultivars. ‘Luo han 8 hao’, ‘Xin mai 26’ ,‘Ai kang 58’ and ‘Zhou mai 18’ were used as test materials. Two different irrigation models were set up, including no irrigation (W0) and watering twice (W1). The effects of different irrigation models on dry matter accumulation, distribution, transport, yield and yield components of four wheat varieties were studied with split plot design. The results showed that, there was no significant difference about dry matter accumulation and ratio of grain among 4 varieties, whereas the amount of traffic, transfer rate and contribution to grain performance of dry matter was not consistent in different organs. The difference of spike dry matter between ‘Luo han 8 hao’ and ‘Zhou mai 18’ was significant. Under the irrigation model W0, because of the water restriction, the yields of all four varieties declined, ‘Luo han 8 hao’ had the smallest fall range, whereas ‘Zhou mai 18’ had the biggest fall range. In summary, the water sensitivity of ‘Luo Han 8 Hao’ was poor, and its ability of drought resistance was superior to that of the other three varieties.

  Research Development of Drought Tolerance in Maize Zhang Fengqi,Zhao Xia,Ding Yong,Zhao Faxin and Tang Baojun 2015, 31 (30):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040118 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 989 ) Drought is currently the most important abiotic factor affecting maize yield. For promoting the drought tolerance research in maize and improving breeding efficiency, the study summarized the research development of maize drought tolerance at home and abroad in recent years, and the drought tolerance identification, genetic research, variety breeding and functional gene researches in maize. Moreover, some problems in the researches, such as lack of a unified standard identification system for maize drought tolerance, scarce drought resistance germplasm and poor knowledge of drought mechanism, were analyzed, and corresponding strategy for each individual problem was also provided. Therefore, the research will provide beneficial information for deep researches on drought tolerance in maize.

  Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Potential of 37 Maize Varieties 2015, 31 (30):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040222 Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 1436KB )   ( 1186 ) In order to evaluate the drought tolerance potential of 37 maize varieties, the author evaluated and analyzed of the plant traits and yield traits in maize by 4 kinds of water supply treatments. The results showed that water stress effects were significant or very significant on 6 traits including spike length, bald tip length, grain number per row, 100 kernel weight, ASI and yield per plant. Water stress could result in the extension of maize ASI, the increase of bald tip length, the decrease of seed setting rate, kernel number per row, 100 grains weight and the yield per plant. Comprehensive evaluation result with fuzzy membership function method indicated that ‘Banghaoyu 509’, ‘Zhongyu 9’, D36, BH0310 and D30 had stronger drought tolerance, while D23, D3, D26 and BH3404 had lower drought tolerance.

  Analysis of Combining Ability of Grain Quality Characteristics Between Qixia,Li Zhongqing,Qi Liting,Wang Min,Wang Rui and Sun Wanrong 2015, 31 (30):  50-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030157 Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 481 ) High oil maize hybrid was derived from the crossbreeding between high oil and normal maize inbred lines. The core method of high oil maize breeding is still the use of heterosis. To provide theoretical basis for parent selection and hybridization combination in high oil maize breeding, 12 F1 crossing combinations derived from three new germplasms of high oil maize as male parents and four common inbred lines as female parents were made according to incomplete diallel cross design, and the combining abilities of oil content, protein content and starch content of seeds were analyzed. The results showed that the combining abilities of different inbred lines or different quality traits were different. The general combining abilities of oil contents of inbred lines XGY003, YZ141B and H195-2 were higher, and the general combining abilities of protein contents of inbred lines C279, YZ141B and H195- 2 were higher. However, the general combining abilities of starch contents of inbred lines XGY003, XGY020, C279 and H78-3 were higher. The parents with higher general combining ability could produce the combination with higher special combining ability likely, but that was not always the case. In addition, no inbred lines with higher general combining ability in all the three quality traits were found in this trail. In general, the oil content of the high oil maize germplasm XGY003 and the normal maize inbred lines YZ141B, H195-2 were of higher effect value in general combining ability. Therefore, the three germplasms could be used broadly as high oil inbred lines in maize breeding in Changzhi area for selecting the superior combination with higher oil content. At the same time, the general combining abilities of protein contents of C279, YZ141B and H195-2 and the starch contents of XGY003, XGY020, C279 and H78-3 were higher, and these germplasms could be used as special inbred lines for further improvement and application in maize breeding in the future.

  Experimental Study on Introduction and Selection of Vegetables for Dry-land Corn Rotation System in Lanzhou Area Li Jinlong,He Jianhua,Jin Shengli,Zhang Guangquan and Liu Xiaoling 2015, 31 (30):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020029 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 457 ) Because of long-term successive planting of dry-land corn, plant diseases and insect pests are more serious and yield reduction has become a major problem in Lanzhou. In this study, the research object was the rotation crop, which was selected to establish reasonable rotation and reverse cropping system. We introduced different kinds and varieties of vegetable crops, studied different sowing dates and different planting patterns, and screened vegetables suitable for planting and with high economic benefits. The results showed that this study screened squash, baby Chinese cabbage, cabbage and cauliflower, etc. With the adjustment of seeding time, the effective control of pest and disease, and the coordination of the relationship of rainfall on plastic film and supplementary irrigation, the rate of vegetable seedling emergence and requirement for water in the growing period could be assured. It was feasible to plant vegetables in semiarid hilly area of Lanzhou. The economic benefits were very high, and were 3-10 times higher than the output value of wheat and corn.

  Effects of Different Film-mulching Modes on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Maize Wang Chuangyun,Deng Yan,Zhao Li,Zhang Liguang,Wang Jin,Guo Hongxia and Wang Lujun 2015, 31 (30):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040179 Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 1464KB )   ( 576 ) In order to explore the suitable film-mulching mode of maize to achieve high and stable yield, the effect of 4 film-mulching modes on leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf WUE and grain yield were investigated under field experimental condition. The results showed that compared with CK, all kinds of film-mulching modes could increase leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf WUE and significantly increase transpiration rate after flowering which would lead to high grain yield. Ridging film-mulching mode could achieve the most optimum photosynthetic characters and the highest yield (36.2% higher than that of CK). The grain yield had significantly positive correlation with row number per ear, and had highly and significantly positive correlation with ear length and grain number per row. The correlations of photosynthetic index with grain yield of heading stage, filling stage and mature stage were higher than that of jointing stage and huge bellbottom stage, which showed that higher grain yield could be obtained by improving photosynthesis after flowering. In conclusion, ridging film-mulching mode could increase the photosynthesis and grain yield of maize, which was a suitable film-mulching mode in maize cultivation in Jinzhong area.

  Analysis of the Effects of Meteorological Factors at Different Growth Stageson Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.) Wang Xiaoqun,Yang Yanlong,Zhang Yu and Zhou Ping 2015, 31 (30):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040120 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 520 ) In order to reveal the mechanisms of the influences of meteorological factors on maize yield and its components, a two-year field experiment on ‘Jidan 27’ was conducted under various sowing dates in Jiamusi Agricultural Meteorological station basin in 2012 and 2013. And the relationship between meteorological factors and maize yield as well as its components was investigated and analyzed based on the test of the adjustment of sowing dates to the change of meteorological factors at the growth stage, which would provide the theoretic foundation on how to defense the stress of negative meteorological factors so as to realize high maize yield. The results showed that the correlation between yield components and many meteorological factors at different growth stages was significant. The average daily rainfall during shooting stage to big trumpet stage was a limiting factor on maize yield, which could affect ear barren tip, seeds per ear and strain grain weight. During silking stage to milk stage, the temperature (average daily temperature, maximum daily temperature and minimum daily temperature) was a limiting factor that the seeds per ear and the strain grain weight, except the ear barren tip, would increase along with the increase of it. And a significant negative correlation between the average daily sunshine duration and the ear barren tip was showed during big trumpet stage to tasseling stage. That was to say, the ear barren tip reduced with the increase of the average daily sunshine duration in this term. The average daily relative humidity affected the increase of seeds per ear and strain grain weight during milky stage and maturity stage. The results obtained here suggest that the best sowing time of ‘Jidan 27’ should be early to mid-May in Jiamusi; the average daily rainfall in late June and early July and the temperature (average daily temperature, maximum daily temperature and minimum daily temperature) in late July and early August would be limiting factors on maize yield increase; seeds per ear would be a main limitation on higher yield under the conditions of density and cultivation management designed in this test.

  Grey Correlative Degree Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits of Maize Hybrids Li Qingchao,Ma Langlang,Wen Qiong,Liu Jianxin,Ma Jun,Liang Zhenjuan and Wang Song 2015, 31 (30):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050172 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 596 ) The aim was to study the primary and secondary relations between the yield and the other main agronomic traits of maize hybrids. In this paper, the grey correlative degree analysis was used to research the effects of eight agronomic traits on yield of 13 maize hybrids and the relationships among those traits. The results showed that the values of the correlation degree between yield and main agronomic traits among different varieties were sequenced as follows: net weight per ear>plant height>ear height> ear row number> KWEI> bare tip length>growth period> ear length. In the breeding practice, it should pay attention to net weight per ear, plant height and ear height, and give dual attention to other agronomic traits, which was an effective way to enhance the maize yield.

  Effect of Capillary Configurations on Photosynthetic Characteristic and Yield ofMultiple Cropped Silage Maize in Drip Irrigated Area of Northern Xinjiang Pei Lei,Wang Zhenhua,Jiang Guojun,Zheng Xurong and Wang Jiulong 2015, 31 (30):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040104 Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 1491KB )   ( 554 ) Due to different capillary configurations for silage maize, the drip irrigation technique has not been well utilized currently, resulting in low efficiency of water utilization. With the material of F98 silage maize and the condition of fixed quantities of irrigation and fertilizer, this study aims to examine the appropriate capillary configurations. Six configuration models based on the leaching-pond tests were carried out to evaluate their influences on the photosynthetic characteristic and yield of silage maize, including ZR1 with spacing 20 cm 60 cm, ZR2 with spacing 30 cm 30 cm, ZR3 with spacing 30 cm 45 cm, ZR4 with spacing 25 cm 37.5 cm, ZR5 with spacing 30 cm 50 cm, and ZR6 with spacing 30 cm 40 cm. Results showed that there were similar daily characteristics of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, concentration of inter-cell CO2 and the efficiency of water utilization of silage maize leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and the efficiency of water utilization in ZR1 and ZR2 were generally higher than those in other modes, while transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and concentration of inter-cell CO2 were lower. Different configurations had significant impacts on yield. The highest yield was obtained from ZR2 mode, which was 2.8%, 58.8%, 67.7%, 53.4% and 35.5% higher than that of ZR1, ZR3, ZR4, ZR5 and ZR6, respectively. ZR1 and ZR2 were the two most suitable capillary configurations for increasing the photosynthesis and yield of silage maize.

  Evaluation and Identification of Resistance of Wild Soybean Germplasm to Cercospora sojina Ma Shumei and Han Xinhua 2015, 31 (30):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040061 Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 1278KB )   ( 489 ) The identification of resistance of wild soybean germplasm to Cercospora sojina was developed in order to explore the new gene resources and identify new resistance germplasm to be used for resistance breeding. 104 portions of wild soybean materials were infected with C. sojina by artificial inoculation at the stage of R3-R4 of soybean growth phages. The results showed that 29 portions were resistant, 45 portions were interim resistant and 30 portions were sensitive, which accounted for 27.9%, 43.3% and 28.8% respectively of all the tested materials. The test of resistance index by way of inoculated several C. sojina strains into 104 portions of wild soybean materials showed that 86 portions had higher resistance index and expressed certain resistance to those different strains. These materials could be used for horizontal resistance breeding. There were rich resistance resources among the wild soybean germplasms, including single resistance resources and broad spectrum resistance resources.

  Effects of Rhizobial and Combination Bacteria on Leaf Character,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Soybean Zhu Baoguo,Hong Yanan,Zhang Chunfeng,Jia Huibin,Guo Tai,Meng Qingying,Wang Nannan and Kuang Enjun 2015, 31 (30):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040064 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 444 ) In order to explore the application effect of different rhizobia agents, in this paper, the effects of rhizobial and combination bacteria on leaf character, dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean were studied under field condition and with soybean ‘Hefeng 55’ as the material. The results showed that the rhizoidal and combination bacteria could improve soybean plant height, leaf area index, SPAD, dry matter accumulation and nodule number at different development stages. The rhizoidal and combination bacteria could also significantly increase the yield. Compared with the controls, plant height increased by 8.4% and 10.0% respectively; leaf area index increased by 47.1% and 41.2% respectively; leaf SPAD-value increased by 8.4% and 11.1% respectively; plant dry weight increased by 43.0% and 60.7% respectively, the nodule numbers increased by 44.0% and 50.5% respectively, and the difference reached significance level. Compared with the controls, rhizobia and combination bacteria could significantly increase the soybean yield by 18.3% and 27.7% respectively. On the basis of the above analysis, the effect of combination bacteria treatment was the best.

  Application of Clustering Analysis in the Design of “3414” Experiment of Soybean He Zhihua,Xia Yan,Li Qingchao,Yu Juan,Yu Li,Wang Jin and Yang Shan 2015, 31 (30):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070022 Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 520 ) In order to explore the relationship of all traits of soybean and their effect on the yield under the “3414” experiment design, the R clustering analysis method was used to study the 9 agronomic traits in the design of “3414” experiment of ‘Andou7’. The correlation coefficient of 9 traits was calculated by using the median clustering method. The results showed that: 9 traits were divided into four groups, and the first group included the pod number, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant, 100 grain weight and yield, the second group included plant height and node number, the third was effective branches, the fourth was bottom pod height. The effect of genotype on variable clustering was removed, and the typical indexes of the class were selected, which could be the reference for the research of soybean varieties.

  Research Advances in Continuous Cropping Obstacles and Root Exudates Autotoxicity of Peanut Liu Juan,Zhang Jun,Zang Xiuwang,Tang Fengshou,Dong Wenzhao,Miao Lijuan,Xu Jing and Zhang Zhongxin 2015, 31 (30):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040100 Abstract + ( 891 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 1277 ) China has a large area of continuous cropping of peanut production, and continuous cropping obstacle has become one of the important factors affecting the yield of peanut. At present, the study of allelopathy has become a hot topic to reveal the continuous cropping obstacle mechanism. This paper systematically summarized the effect of continuous cropping on peanut growth, yield, quality, nutrient uptake, physiological characteristics and disease. The concept of allelopathic autotoxicity and root exudates, and the influence of root exudates on peanut growth and development were introduced. The abatement measures of peanut continuous cropping obstacles were summarized including rational crop rotation, soil sterilization, beneficial microorganisms or nutrient elements supply, and the application of comprehensive measures. The hot research topics of peanut continuous cropping obstacles were discussed in order to guide Chinese peanut production and provide theoretical and technical support for sustainable development of peanut production.

  Research on the Estimation of Rapeseed Leaf Area and Fresh Weight Ma Yi,Zhang Xu,Li Lantao and Wang Shanqin 2015, 31 (30):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060055 Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 1579KB )   ( 1147 ) In order to rapidly obtain growth information of the rapeseed in field, the models of leaf area and fresh weight of a single plant should be built on the growth conditions under different fertilization levels and sowing ways. Plot experiments with different fertilization levels and sowing ways were conducted in two consecutive rapeseed planting seasons in 2013-2015. The length, width, area and fresh weight of each leaf of the sampled plants were measured at six-leaf stage and bolting stage, in which the leaves of rapeseed were of the most morphological variation. The analysis of variance was used to analyze the influence of different planting patterns and fertilization levels on rapeseed leaf. And the Levenberg-Marquardt and Universal Global Optimization methods were used to optimize the length-width function model to estimate leaf area (LA) and fresh weight (FW). The correlations among leaf area, fresh weight and leaf width was more significant than those among leaf area, fresh weight and leaf length under different fertilization levels and sowing ways at six-leaf stage and bolting stage. Variation of LA and FW at bolting stage was greater than those at six-leaf stage. Moreover, there were significant variance of LA and FW under different planting patterns and N treatments levels. No significance was found in cross verification. LA and FW were estimated well with leaf width (R2=0.89 and RMSEP=32.40 cm2 for LA model and R2=0.84 and RMSEP=2.54 g for FW model). The validation of models (R2=0.97 and RMSEP=12.92 cm2 for LA model, and R2=0.94 and RMSEP=0.86 g for FW model) showed that length-width power function models were of the highest precision compared with other models. Under different growth conditions, the leaf width linear model was promising to rapidly estimate leaf area and fresh weight of a single rapeseed plant, while length-width power function models could be used to accurately estimate leaf area and fresh weight in large field with minor influence of leaf morphology and growth stages.

  Effects of Silicon, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rateson Rape Yield and Utilization of Phosphorus and Potassium Li Min,Ye Shuya,Liu Feng,Guo Xisheng and Huang Yide 2015, 31 (30):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040067 Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 606 ) In order to explore the application effect of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on rape, a field plot experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Anhui Province to investigate the effects of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the rape yield, utilization of phosphorus and potassium and soil nutrient contents. The results showed that in comparison with farmer practice fertilizer (CF1) and farmer practice fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium halving (CF2), silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase yield of rape. And the yield was 4.0%-20.8% and 10.2%-28.0% more than that of CF1 and CF2, respectively. Silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase the number of seeds per pod. With the increasing of the application amount, contents and uptake amounts of phosphorus and potassium in grain increased, and the application of 1500 kg/hm2 (T100) was higher than farmer fertilizer practice. Silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase soil available calcium, available magnesium and pH, but had no significant effects on soil organic matter and available nitrogen content. It suggested that the yield of rape, phosphorus and potassium absorption and soil nutrient contents could be significantly improved by the rational application of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which was 1500 kg/hm2 (T100).

  Breeding and Application of Drought-resistant and Saline-resistant Restorer Lines of Edible Sunflower Zhang Jie,Yang Xinyuan,Jia Aihong,Zhang Xuewu and Wang Pengdong 2015, 31 (30):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080074 Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 432 ) In order to breed the new restorer lines and new varieties with drought-resistance, saline-resistance, extensively adaptability, strong adversity resistance, high yield and quality for planting in the?edible sunflower production regions of Shanxi, a field trial with excellent domestic variety resources and sterile lines was conducted to successfully breed the restorer lines of ‘Fenhui No.1’, ‘Fenhui No.2’ and ‘Fenhui No.3’ by using the bagging and selfing. The authors investigated the agronomic traits of the three restorer lines, identified their drought-resistance and saline-resistance, and selected the restoring and combining ability. The results showed that the three restorer lines had high combining ability, large numbers of pollen grains, 100% of restoring ability, drought-resistance, saline-resistance, high-resistance to verticillium wilt and sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and passed the acceptance tests on November 29, 2012 by Scientific Bureau of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. ‘Fenhui No.1’had the best performance. The hybrid variety ‘Fk-0918’ was developed from the restorer line ‘Fenhui No.1’ and the average yield was 3726.56 kg/hm2, increased by 29.9% compared with the CK ‘YS809’ and ranked No.4 in area trials of edible sunflower in Shanxi Province in 2014. The variety ‘Fk-0918’ had disease-resistance, drought-resistance, saline-resistance, high yield, good commercial characteristics and the whole growth stage was 108 days which was suitable for planting in the edible sunflower production regions of Jinzhong and northwestern Shanxi. The application and popularizing prospect of ‘Fk-0918’was better.

  Effect of Pleuromutilin on the Growth of Potato Seedling Meng Lili,Liu Shijun,Wei Cuiguo,Chen Youjun and Meng Meilian 2015, 31 (30):  124-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040101 Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 632 ) For understanding whether pleuromutilin have toxic effects on the plants, the effect of pleuromutilin with different concentration (0, 0.00128, 0.0032, 0.0064, 0.016, 0.032, 0.08, 0.16 mg/mL) in media on potato seedlings’ of ‘Kexin 1’ cultivar were studied. The results show that when the concentration is greater than 0.016 mg/mL, the pleuromutilin have significant inhibition effect on the growth of potato seedling. With the increase of pleuromutilin concentration, the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, root length, and the dry weight of leaves, roots, and stem significantly decrease. Under the concentration of 0.08-0.16 mg/mL, potato plant become dwarf, mortality increases and has little or even no roots. The regression analysis shows that all the determined indexes decline with the concentration of pleuromutilin increase by a form of negative power function and the absolute value of power index are in the following order: dry weight of root> root length> dry weight of leaf> plant height> dry weight of leaf> number of leaf> stem diameter. Those suggest that pleuromutilin could have inhibition (toxic) effect on the growth of potato, and have the most suppression effect on root and the lowest suppression effect on leaf which could be resulted of direct contact of the root to pleuromutilin.

  Effect of Different Varieties and Cultivated Practices on Growth Period and Yield of Spring Potato in Penzhou Maintainous Area Wang Xiaoli,Shen Xueshan,Li Chunrong,Luo Lifei,Li Honghao and Huang Gang 2015, 31 (30):  128-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050129 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 462 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different varieties and cultivated practices on the growth period and yield of spring potato in Penzhou Maintainous Area. Under field conditions, the contrast tests on the growth period and yield were conducted between spring potato varieties Mira and Chuanyu 56 and new varieties from various areas, and the influence of different cultivation methods on growth period of spring potato was also studied. The results showed that, taking both yield and the growth period into consideration, the new varieties had yield advantages and were proposed to be promoted in production, while Mira and Chuanyu 56 were recommended to be introduced with original seed propagation. The comparison of the flatten planting and ridge tillage, mulching and no mulching showed that mulching and ridge had obvious effect on yield increase, therefore, the best cultivation way was ridge mulching.

  Effects of 2,4-butyl Herbicides on Growing Morphology Indexes of Millet Yang Zhong,Ren Yuemei,Guo Ruifeng and Zhang Shou 2015, 31 (30):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060015 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 413 ) To explore the influence of 2,4-D butyl ester herbicide on the growth of millet, this study selected a few local cultivars to study the growing dynamics, biological yield, morphological indexes of millet after being sprayed with herbicide 2,4-D butyl ester. The results showed that starting from the 3-5 leaves, the herbicide was sprayed for 70 days. The herbicide had consistent influence on growing morphological indexes of different varieties of millet, the effect on root number, spike length and number of leaves was slight, while that on other indicators was somewhat greater. Investigation at different growth stages had different effects on growing morphology index. At seedling stage, the number of roots and plant height were greatly affected; at early stage of heading, dry weight, lateral root length, fresh weight and plant height were significantly affected; during mature period, fresh and dry weight, lateral root length, and plant height were heavily affected. The resistance on 2,4-butyl ester herbicides was different from different varieties at different times. Varieties for water land were sensitive while varieties for dry land was dull in a certain concentration of application. There was no difference between the two concentrations (750 mL/hm2, 450 mL/hm2) on growth index at harvest period. The results showed that the growth of millet was delayed by the phytotoxicity of 2,4-D butylate ester, but the number did not change, the quantitative indicators were affected obviously, which indicated that biological production and the height of the plants decreased. So we should fully consider the input-output ratio and be careful with this herbicide.

  Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Production, Photosynthetic Rate and Bending Force of Sorghum Fan Na,Bai Wenbin,Dong Liangli,Cao Changlin,Peng Zhidong,Shi Lijuan,Zhang Jianhua,Li Guang,Zheng Dianfeng,Du Jili and Zhang Panpan 2015, 31 (30):  139-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030093 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 554 ) Through spraying silicon fertilizer in different periods, the effects of silicon fertilizer on sorghum production, photosynthetic rate and flexural strength were studied, to provide a scientific basis for silicon fertilizer application in sorghum. The "Return" brand liquid fertilizer was used in the test, randomized block design was adopted with a total of three treatments, and each treatment had three repetitions. The results showed that: spraying silicon fertilizer on sorghum could increase net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, lower center of gravity height to improve stem flexural strength, and raise the content of grain starch, protein and fat. The effect of spraying silicon fertilizer at sorghum 10 leaf stage was the best.

  Effects of Foliar Spraying Uniconazole in Seed Filling Period on Sugar Accumulation in Various Organs and Grain Yield of Mung Bean Liu Yang,Zheng Dianfeng,Feng Naijie,Zhang Panpan,Chen Wenhao and Zhang Hongmei 2015, 31 (30):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070025 Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 531 ) In order to provide theoretical foundation for high-yield cultivation, the effects of foliar spraying uniconazole of different concentrations (15, 30 and 60 mg/L) in seed filling period on sugar accumulation of leaves, root and stem, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were discussed. Field tests were conducted in 2013 and 2014, the effects of uniconazole of different concentrations (water was used as CK) on sugar accumulation and yield of ‘xiaominglv’ were analyzed. The results showed that those three concentrations of uniconazole could improve chlorophyll, soluble sugar and sucrose contents of plant in different degrees after seed filling period. Compared with CK, uniconazole could increase sugar content of mung bean and keep a high sugar content level in the late growth period. Foliar spraying of uniconazole could regulate and control photosynthetic traits of different organs and sugar accumulation of mung bean, which could increase the yield at last.

  Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on the Content of Soluble Proteinand Key Enzyme Activities in Nitrogen Metabolism of Sugar Beet 范有君, and 2015, 31 (30):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040052 Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 1415KB )   ( 489 ) Urea was used as soil nitrogen fertilizer and HI003 was selected as experimental sample. In order to select suitable levels of nitrogen and study the relationship between key enzyme activities in nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen application levels of sugar beet, studies on the content of soluble protein, activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase were conducted in roots and leaves of sugar beet with different nitrogen levels. Results of this experiment were as following: in sugar beet leaves, activities of nitrate reductase increased with the increase of nitrogen levels, but nitrate reductase activities decreased when nitrogen levels were more than 200 kg/hm2. Activities of nitrate reductase nitrogen levels increased with the increase of nitrogen levels in roots, and decreased with nitrogen levels more than 160 kg/hm2. In the whole growth period, glutamine synthase activities increased with nitrogen application in roots and leaves. The studies found that nitrogen levels and activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase had significantly positive correlation in the early growth stage. In sugar beet leaves, the content of soluble protein was positive correlated with nitrogen levels on July 15th and on September 15th. The content of soluble protein and nitrogen levels had significantly positive correlation in roots in the whole growth period of sugar beet.

  Phenotypic Diversity and Clustering Analysis of Leaf Traits in Sugar Beet Xing Wang,Pan Rong and Cui Ping 2015, 31 (30):  155-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050140 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 1324KB )   ( 418 ) Both morphologic traits and agronomic traits of 121 sugar beet germplasm resources from home and abroad were studied on genetic diversity and cluster analysis to exploit the potentialities and promote the breeding of new cultivars and effective application of germplasm resources. Results showed that the investigation and analysis of 9 leaf morphological characters indicated that the diversity index of leaf blade thick was the highest, followed by leaf color, petiole length, leaf surface shape, petiole color, leaf margin shape, petiole width, petiole thick, and the least was leaf shape. Based on the genetic differentiations of leaf traits, 121 sugar beet varieties were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis of leaf traits at 12.5 genetic distance by software SPSS 22.0. There were plenty of variations among varieties from different countries. Group Ⅰ of beet germplasm resources mainly came from China, United States, Italy and Belgium; group Ⅱ of beet germplasm resources mainly came from Russia, United States and China; group Ⅲ of beet germplasm resources mainly came from China, United States, Russia and Belgium; group Ⅳ of beet germplasm resources mainly came from China, Italy, United States, Belgium and Russia. To fully understand the leaf character distribution characteristics and the genetic diversity of beet germplasm, and the genetic relationship among the groups of germplasm resources has practical significance to identify specific germplasm and mining the excellent germplasm material.

  Response to Low Temperature Stress and Evaluation for Its Cold Resistance at Sugarcane Seedling Stage Wang Zhenbo,Chen Shuying,Li Zhiyong and Li Fusheng 2015, 31 (30):  162-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030239 Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 555 ) The study aims to screen out good cold-resistance varieties through a comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance. 9 sugarcane varieties, which had excellent agronomic traits and were bred by Yunnan Agricultural University, were taken as the test materials, low temperature stress processing was conducted at sugarcane seedling stage, the change of physiological and biochemical indexes were observed, and the comprehensive evaluation of the varieties (or lines) was carried out with pole sorting method. Results showed that: (1) low temperature (3℃) processing increased the conductivity of the sugarcane leaf cell membrane, soluble sugar content, MDA content, proline content, soluble protein content, chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) activity by an average of 21.21%, 134.1%, 83.60%, 35.47%, 47.72%, 9.07%, 565.2%, respectively; (2) low temperature (3℃) processing reduced sugarcane leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 19.67% on average. Therefore, the screening results indicating that the best cold resistance sugar cane variety was ‘Yunnan sugarcane 03-91’, the worst cold resistance sugarcane variety was ‘Yunnan sugarcane 02-39’, while varieties (or lines) ‘Yunnan sugarcane 08-5’, ‘Yunnan sugarcane 05-103’, ‘Yunnan sugarcane 01-58’ had stronger cold resistance than ‘Yunnan sugarcane 04-14’, ‘Yunnan sugarcane 04-429’, ‘Yunnan sugarcane 05-522’ and ‘Yunnan sugarcane 02-227’ .

  Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Planting Densities onAgronomic Traits and Yield of Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench Jiang Tao and Li Wei 2015, 31 (30):  169-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030144 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 655 ) The paper aims to investigate the suitable planting density and sowing date of buckwheat. The author used local cultivar to explore the effect of different planting densities (B1: 450000/hm2; B2:750000/hm2; B3: 1050000/hm2; B4: 1350000/hm2) and sowing dates (A1: in July 28; A2: in August 7; A3: in August 27) on the agronomic and yield traits of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, and field trial was adopted by setting four planting densities and three sowing dates. The results showed that the seeding density had no significant effect on growth period, plant height, number of branches and the main stem node number. Among them, compared with sowing date of A1 and A2, A3 was ten days longer; plant height was 9 cm and 12 cm shorter than that of A1 and A2. Meanwhile, the average node number reduced by 3.8 and 2.7 segments correspondingly, except number of branches, other indicators were significantly influenced by different sowing dates. There were significant effects of different planting densities and sowing dates on yield composition of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, and the difference reached significant level among treatments. The treatment of A1B4 had the highest yield of 3997.55 kg/hm2, increased by134.25% than that of A2B1 treatment which had the lowest yield. Treatments of A1B3, A1B4, A2B4 had higher yields of 3970.25 kg/hm2, 3997.55 kg/hm2 and 3970.20 kg/hm2, respectively. So, the corresponding suitable sowing date is from the end of July to early August and the density of 1050000-1350000/hm2 will be conductive to increase yield of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.

  Effect of Different Fertilizations on Biomass Yield and N, P, K Absorption of Annual Ryegrass in Rice Field Yang Zengping,Nie Jun,Liao Yulin,Zhou Xing,Xie Jian,Lu Yanhong,Ji Xionghui,Wu Jiamei and Xie Yunhe 2015, 31 (30):  173-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030152 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 1132 ) In order to find the best basal fertilizer ratio in planting ryegrass in paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fertilizer rates on the biomass yield and the N, P, K absorption of annual ryegrass. Four levels and 11 treatments were set for the fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The biomass yield of ryegrass was estimated. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ryegrass were tested and analyzed, and the N, P and K absorption of ryegrass were calculated. It showed that when planting ryegrass in paddy soils derived from granite, fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilizer, increased the height and biomass yield of ryegrass. Application of phosphate fertilizer as basal fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing fertilizer improved the regeneration of ryegrass. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer rates, the nitrogen and phosphorus content of ryegrass were also on the rise. After a certain amount of potash application, the potassium content of ryegrass did not change much with further potash application. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could all increase the N, P and K absorption of ryegrass. As for the basal fertilizer, the recommendation fertilization rates on ryegrass were given as N 210.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 108.0 kg/hm2, K2O 117.5 kg/hm2, respectively, when planting ryegrass in paddy soils derived from granite in southern China.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Rates and Methods on Yield and Forage Quality of Ramie Liu Junhuan,Du Xiaohua,Jie Yucheng and Xing Hucheng 2015, 31 (30):  181-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030225 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 366 ) In order to study the effects of different fertilizer levels and different fertilization methods on forage yield and forage quality of forage ramie, two ways of fertilizing compound fertilizer and two ways of topdressing urea were used. Through combination of different fertilizer levels of urea and compound fertilizer, eight fertilization treatments were set up. The results showed that when the application of compound fertilizer was conducted once as basal fertilizer at 0.054 kg/m2, and topdressing urea once every harvest at 0.006 kg/m2, agronomic traits were the best with the ramet number being 42.00 strains each stump, the ratio of leaf and stem being 2.04 and the ratio of dry and fresh weight being 0.15. When the application of compound fertilizer was conducted once as basal fertilizer at 0.108 kg/m2, and topdressing urea once every harvest at 0.0135 kg/m2, forage yield was 17.07 kg/m2, which was significantly better than that of other treatments. In terms of forage quality, content of crude protein in three treatments (compound fertilizer applied once as basal fertilizer at 0.108 kg/m2, and topdressing urea applied once every harvest at 0.0135 kg/m2; compound fertilizer applied twice as basal fertilizer at 0.054 kg/m2, and topdressing urea applied once every harvest at 0.0135 kg/m2; compound fertilizer applied once as basal fertilizer at 0.054 kg/m2, and topdressing urea applied once every harvest at 0.006 kg/m2) were significantly better than that in other treatments. This study provided a reference for improving forage ramie cultivation and management technologies.

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate under Red Date and Cotton Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang Arid Desert Oasis Tang Qiuxiang,Li Yu,Lin Tao,Shi Dawei,Tian Liwen,Jiang Ping’an,Guo Rensong,Ye Qiangtao,Lin Yi and Xu Haidong 2015, 31 (30):  185-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040124 Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 1357KB )   ( 460 ) A field experiment of six treatments was conducted to improve fertilizer management in red date and cotton intercropping system. The six fertilization treatments of N0, N10, N20, N30, N40, N50 were designed. The cotton agronomic traits and yield and spatial and temporal variation of soil nitrate-N were studied in different growth and development stages of cotton. The results showed that: the number of bolls per plant and cotton production could be increased by using nitrogen. The yield would be increased with increasing amount of nitrogen, but there was a downward trend when the amount of nitrogen was more than a certain range. The content of nitrate nitrogen could be significantly improved by using nitrogen fertilizer in soil. The application amount of nitrogen of 450 kg/hm2 could not only reduce the residual nitrate-N in soil but also stabilize the yield. But the excess application of nitrogen would cause the accumulation of nutrients and their leaching downward. There was nutrient competition of the roots in red date and cotton intercropping system. There was strong nitrogen competition in the region that was 50 to 100cm from the red date trees, the nitrogen competition increased after flowering stage, and achieved the maximum in the boll period, but the nitrogen competition would be weakened with the distance increase between the red date trees.

  Effects of Relay Intercropping on the Biomass and Yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Zhou Jiangju,Zhang Shuiqing,Zhang Guohui and Ren Yongquan 2015, 31 (30):  193-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050046 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 1398KB )   ( 472 ) The effects of relay intercropping on the biomass and yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla were studied to provide some reference for the proper cultivation of this important Chinese medicinal herb. With P. heterophylla monoculture as the control, two relay intercropped treatments of soybean and maize were set up to test the effects of relay intercropping on the biomass and yield of P. heterophylla by pot culture experiments that carried out in two consecutive growth seasons. Compared with monoculture, relay intercropping reduced the shoot biomass, improved the total biomass, and significantly increased both root-shoot ratio and yield of P. heterophylla. Relay intercropping enhanced the distribution of photosynthetic product to root, contributed to the increment of yield, and relay intercropped soybean and maize had similar effect on increasing the yield of P. heterophylla. The yield increment of P. heterophylla was mainly due to the increase of the root quantity, although the single root biomass of P. heterophylla was improved to some extent in relay intercropping system. In order to obtain better yield and enhance comprehensive income, P. heterophylla is recommended to be relay-intercropped with suitable crops in actual production.

  Preliminary Test of Increasing Application of Sulfur Fertilizer on Anqiu Ginger Luo Zhenming,Xie Qingen,Wang Ruifang and Zhao Kai 2015, 31 (30):  197-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060016 Abstract + ( 1119 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 446 ) Reasonable application of sulfur fertilizer could increase crop yield and improve crop quality, but its effect on the yield of ginger was seldom reported. The botanic character and yield of ginger were analyzed by the application of different rates of sulfur fertilizer. The results showed that the application of sulfur fertilizer could improve reproductive traits of ginger in different degrees, which could keep green leaf, strong stem and resist premature senility in the later period, reduce the late of stem tip and increase plant height, stem diameter and branch number. At the same time, the application of sulfur fertilizer could improve the production and output value of ginger, which could increase the yield by 0.9%-6.6%, the input-output ratio was 1:28.6-1:59.7. The growth rate in middle yield block was 0.4%-4.6%, and the input-output ratio was 1:9.3-1:26.6. The application of sulfur fertilizer could promote the reproductive traits of ginger in different degrees, and improve its production and output value.

  Development Prospect and Research Progress of Chenopodium quinoa Gu Xian,Huang Jie,Wei Yuming,Jin Qian and Yang Farong 2015, 31 (30):  201-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060023 Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 1780 ) Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), which belongs to Chenopodium, Amaranthaceae, is native to the Andes in South America. It has been planted for 5000-7000 years, and is highly praised as the main grain crop by local residents. Recently, quinoa has attracted extensive research attention because of its overall nutrient value, balanced amino acid ratio, food and medical value. In order to provide useful reference for researchers, based on reading literatures at home and abroad, this study summarized the research progress of cultivation test, nutritional components, the product exploitation, the genetic genealogy, stress resistance, resistance to pests and diseases and so on. Some unresolved problems were proposed, such as low altitude resulting in lower yields, health function of quinoa, the uses of the by-products and so on. These would be the emphasis in this area in the future. In the end, this study analyzed its potential in North-Western China as a miscellaneous grain crop.

  Response of Endogenous Hormones of Tobacco to Drought Stress He Junlong,Zhao Shiqin,Wang Yannan,Li Bingze,Yang Zonglin and Jiang Zili 2015, 31 (30):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040130 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 589 ) Drought stress was an important factor that influenced the quality of tobacco. The variation tendencies of tobacco endogenous hormone abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid and ethylene under drought stress were analyzed to study the response mechanism of tobacco endogenous hormone to drought dress. All of tobacco hormones could be divided into two types: inhibition and promotion, which improved tobacco drought-resistant ability to adapt to drought stress through coordination with each other. But the study of tobacco endogenous hormone in drought stress was less, and the cooperation and resistance among all kinds of endogenous hormones in tobacco needed further investigation. The research could provide theoretical foundation for studying interactions between biochemical regulation of tobacco drought and endogenous hormones.

  Research Progress of Dicer-like in Plants Li Rui,Wang Tian,Wen Liwei and Zhu Hongliang 2015, 31 (30):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040070 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 606 ) Dicer was an endonuclease, which was a member of the RNaseⅢ family. Its homologous protein was called Dicer-like (DCL) in plants. Generally, Dicer was composed of six domains, DEAD box, helicase-C, DUF283, PAZ, RNase III, and dsRBD. The six domains contacted closely to each other and worked together. In order to improve the understanding of the functions of DCL in plants, this article summarized the protein domains of DCL, their crucial roles in small RNA synthesis and the biochemical function in several model plants, demonstrated that different types of DCL proteins showed relatively independent and closely linked relationships in small RNA production. DCL could discern the kind of RNA substrates and the exact cut sites, and would be the focus of biochemical function study of Dicers.

  Progress and Suggestion on Molecular Biology of Flax in China Hao Dongmei,Qiu Caisheng,Long Songhua,Guo Yuan,Deng Xin and Wang Yufu 2015, 31 (30):  215-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050014 Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 394 ) To promote the progress of flax molecular biology study in China, the developments of flax were summarized, including DNA extraction, gene clone and transformation, molecular markers, molecular ID card, genetic diversity analysis, construction of genetic linkage map etc. A series of problems from the above aspects were pointed out, including less molecular markers development, lack of target genes and practicable markers of character, genetic linkage map that covering less genome, less research on molecular biology in cultivation, and the molecular biology study could not meet the requirement of breeding, cultivation and germplasm classification and so on. 5 constructive suggestions were proposed so as to provide reference for flax molecular biology study and development.

  Vector Construction of Cis-acting Regulatory DNA Elements of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi63 Liang Huabing,Wang Xiaowan,Hu Xiaolan,Zhao Feng,Zhang Chengguo,Han Shuhui,Yao Fucheng and Xu Xin 2015, 31 (30):  220-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060135 Abstract + ( 2344 )   PDF ( 1502KB )   ( 1382 ) Rice blast resistance gene Pi63 has fine field resistance to the rice blast disease and its resistance levels are closely correlated with its gene expression levels. However, the mechanism of the expression of Pi63 has not been investigated. In this study, cis-acting regulatory DNA elements in promoter region of Pi63 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. 4 constructs containing different elements were obtained using plant binary vector pCAMBIA1391Z. The positive clones were verified by colony PCR and restriction enzyme digestion and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the 4 deletant vectors were successfully constructed, which laid the foundation for further research on the effect of different cis-acting regulatory DNA element on the resistance of Pi63 and the expression pattern of Pi63.

  Variance Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Potato with SRAP and SSR Markers Gan Xiaoyan,Cheng Yongfang,Gong Lei and Song Yuxia 2015, 31 (30):  225-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040054 Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 1746KB )   ( 707 ) This study was to understand the genetic diversity and genetic background of the main potato varieties in Ningxia, clarify the relationship among varieties, and provide the theoretical basis for potato breeding. The genetic diversity of 47 potato germplasm materials was studied with SSR and SRAP markers, and the results of these two maker systems were compared. The results showed that 180 polymorphic fragments were detected using 12 SRAP primer pairs, with an average number of polymorphic fragments per primer pair of 15. The PIC for SRAPs was from 0.2 to 0.43 with an average of 0.34. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 47 germplasm materials varied from 0.57 to 0.83 by SRAP markers. Whereas, 80 polymorphic fragments were detected using 15 SSR primer pairs, with an average number of polymorphic fragments per primer pair of 5.3. The PIC for SSRs was from 0.37 to 0.72 with an average of 0.51. The genetic similarity coefficient of the 47 germplasm materials varied from 0.60 to 0.97 by SSR markers. According to the pedigree information, the SRAP markers were more effective for genetic analysis of closely related lines. Potato varieties in Ningxia had low genetic similarity and distant genetic relationship.

  PCR Detection of Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) in Sugarcane Field of Guizhou Zhou Yufei,Fu Yuhua,Lei Shifu and Lu Jiaju 2015, 31 (30):  231-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110083 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 1755KB )   ( 538 ) The study aims to find out mosaic disease epidemic situation in main sugarcane field in Guizhou. In this research, 52 sugarcane leaf samples with disease symptom from the main sugarcane field in Guizhou were detected by PCR. The results showed that 39 sugarcane samples were positive (75% samples were infected with SrMV). By sequencing the PCR amplified products of positive samples, the sequence homology of the PCR amplified product with SrMV isolates genes in GenBank was 96%-99%, thus confirmed the widespread infection of SrMV in main sugarcane field in Guizhou.

  Core Primer Screening on Cultivar Identification of Beet with SRAP Molecular Marker Wu Zedong,Wang Fenghua,Yu Dandan,Zhou Lili,Ni Hongtao and Ma Longbiao 2015, 31 (30):  234-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040121 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 1422KB )   ( 603 ) Using 12 foreign beet varieties as materials, 546 pairs of SRAP primer combinations were amplified and then separated with gel electrophoresis of 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide. The SRAP core primer combination which was the best for the purity identification of beet varieties was selected. As a result, 23 pairs of SRAP primer combinations with clear amplified bands, rich polymorphism and good repeatability were screened out from the 546 pairs. And the 23 pairs were amplified into 177 polymorphic bands. The PIC values of the primers were all greater than 0.6. The number of polymorphic fragments was 7.7 per primer pair. In theory, these core primers can satisfy the need of the identification of the existing beet varieties.

  The Design of the Emergency Control System of Artificial Precipitation for Forest Fire Based on Web GIS Yang Yang 2015, 31 (30):  239-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060155 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 611 ) The study aims to establish a comprehensive platform of artificial rainfall enhancement, combine information technology in artificial rainfall operations, get the real-time data and geographic information easily and quickly which are detected by automatic stations, satellites, radar, fire forecast and other exploration, and understand the situation from the browser instantly, and command artificial rainfall operations all over the country. The author studied the artificial precipitation emergency command system to prevent fire in Linfen tree farm, combined information technology in artificial rainfall operations with Web GIS, which was a new scientific and technological achievement of network information technology and geographic information system development, and designed and implemented by general framework of Web GIS, PHP, Open Layers, Eloquent ORM. The whole system can realize 5 sub-systems; monitoring information, forest fire forecasting, emergency command, job management and information, combined with the actual needs of the local, and changed the backward traditional way of emergency command. This system aims at artificial rainfall fire emergency command system in small-scale forest which lacks research. The author combined the command system with woodland fire warning, and realized the goal based on Web GIS, which could directly reflect design requirements and guide subsequent development.

  Study on the Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Ligustrum lucidum in An Antimony Mine Tong Fangping,Li Gui,Yang Wuxiang,Shi Wenfeng,Liu Zhenghua,Chen Rui and Wu Min 2015, 31 (30):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050130 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 713 ) In order to select ecological restoration plants for heavy metal contaminated soil ecological restoration, sampling test analysis was conducted on Ligustrum lucidum growing in Sb, As, Cd, Hg seriously contaminated soil in Lengshuijiang. It turned out that Ligustrum lucidum had strong resistance to serious heavy metal stress, and the growth and biomass had not been seriously affected, and the DBH, tree height and biomass decreased 2.58%, 6.07% and 7.58%, respectively. Each heavy metal enrichment coefficient of Ligustrum lucidum was more than 2, in which, enrichment coefficients of Hg and Cd were the maximum, while that of Cu and As were the minimum. The heavy metal transfer coefficient was more than 60, in which, that of Sb was the maximum, while that of Zn was the minimum. The enrichment of heavy metals was significantly different in roots, stems and leaves of Ligustrum lucidum. The order of heavy metals enrichment in the leaves was Zn > Sb > As > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg, in the stem was Zn > Sb > Pb > Cd > As > Cu > Hg, while in the root was Zn > Sb > Pb > As > Cu > Cd > Hg, the order of heavy metals enrichment in the leaves, stems and roots was leaves > stems > roots, and at least 93% of the heavy metals were enriched in the upper organs, and at least 60% of the heavy metals were enriched in the leaves. Ligustrum lucidum was verified to be an excellent species of heavy metal contaminated soil ecosystem restoration.

  Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Cloud Cover in Recent 54 Years in the Area of Southern Qinghai Lake Gong Jianping and Guo Lianyun 2015, 31 (30):  249-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060012 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 1505KB )   ( 578 ) In order to study the change trend of cloud cover and its relationship with meteorological factors in the area of southern Qinghai Lake, based on the data of cloud amount from 1961 to 2014 of Gonghe Weather Stations in the area of southern Qinghai Lake, the authors analyzed the change trends of total and low cloud cover and its relationship with climatic factors. The results showed that the average total cloud cover had a slow increasing trend since 1961, but the average low cloud cover significantly increased. Mutation analysis showed that the spring total cloud cover had a mutation in 1963, and the spring low cloud cover had a mutation in 2003, the winter low cloud cover had a mutation in 1999, and the annual, summer and autumn low cloud cover had a mutation in 2002. The greatest impact on total cloud amount is the evaporation, followed by relative humidity and precipitation. The total cloud cover was significantly and negatively correlated with the average wind speed, the low cloud cover had a significantly positive correlation with the average temperature.

  Primary Research on Township-level Disaster Risk Zoning Based on the Automatic Weather Station: Zhang Xueyi,Han Yingjuan,Ma Liwen,Niu Xudong,Yang Jing,Zhao Weizhong and Yang Yun 2015, 31 (30):  256-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060022 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1886KB )   ( 563 ) To study the drought risk zoning of the Haiyuan County in Ningxia, the authors first used meteorological observation data from 12 regional stations and one large monitoring station, and took into consideration of the disaster inducing environment, hazard factor, bearing body and anti-disaster ability, and then adopted AHP analysis method to assign weight, and ArcGIS to resample, interpolate and grid compute the data after they were rasterized. Finally, the Haiyuan County drought disaster risk zoning based on the 250 m grid resolution was obtained. The results showed that three towns, including Haicheng, Guanqiao and Gancheng, were the highest incidence areas of drought disaster risk, while Qiying, Zhengqi and Liwang which had higher probability of irrigation and Guanzhuang which had more annual rainfall were the lowest incidence areas of the drought disaster. This study provided more evidence for the migration of Haiyuan County, and also provided the technical support for the future agricultural structure adjustment and long-term planning.

  Research on Meteorological Grade Forecast of Rape Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in Anhui Province Yue Wei,Cao Wen,Liu Yuanyuan,Wang Zhen and Zheng Zhaoyang 2015, 31 (30):  262-267.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050097 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 1398KB )   ( 479 ) In order to meet the demand of meteorological grade forecast of crop disease and insect and pest in modern agriculture meteorological services, comprehensive index of meteorological conditions which had effects on rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurrence and development was developed, using rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum observation data and meteorological data of 1991-2010 from representative stations in Jianghuai, regions along the Yangtze River and regions in southern Anhui. Through the correlation analysis, the main influencing period and meteorological factors which had effects on rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurrence and development was found. Through the method of normalization, weighting and etc., comprehensive index of meteorological conditions was developed. Using comprehensive index as independent variable and rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease plant as dependent variable, meteorological grade forecast models for rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurrence and development in different regions were established by curve regression method. The fitting results showed that: the fitting accuracy of the model of Jianghuai, regions along the Yangtze River and regions in southern Anhui was 80%, 70% and 75%, respectively. Using the model to forecast the occurrence of rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in 2011, 2012 and 2013, the results showed that the forecast grade of representative stations in the Jianghuai area were all correct, while that of representative stations in the regions along the Yangtze River and the regions in southern Anhui for two years were correct, but for one year there was an error of one level. The model could basically meet the demand of meteorological grade forecast service for rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

  Meteorological Condition Analysis of Peanut-Winter Wheat Double-cropping in Liaocheng City Yang Zhongxu,Li Qiuzhi,Shang Na,Yin Huihui,Li Haitao,Li Tong,Zhang Han and Wang Shihong 2015, 31 (30):  268-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040089 Abstract + ( 1249 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 482 ) Under the background of climate change in recent years, in order to study the feasibility of planting summer peanut after winter wheat in Luxi area, data of summer sowing groundnut growth and winter wheat growth and meteorological observation data of Liaocheng from 1981 to 2014 were used to analyze the effects of the accumulated temperature variation on pod-setting stage, pod-filling stage and valid flower termination stage of summer peanut, and the anastomosis of accumulated temperature needed by winter wheat growth with the accumulated temperature of the corresponding periods. Results showed that: (1) the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during the growth period of summer peanut (June 15th-October 5th, the same below) had an increase tendency from 1981 to 2014. The accumulative temperature (≥15℃) during the growth period of summer peanut was 2678.7℃ during 1981-2014 and 2681.4℃ during 2011-2014, both higher than 2600℃, which was the lowest limit of accumulative temperature required by the complete mature of summer peanut. There was an increase tendency with the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during the late pod-filling stage (September 20th- September 30th, the same below) of summer peanut during 1981-2014, especially the average value of the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during 2001-2014 war 3.3℃ higher than that of 1981-2014, and the average11-day daily temperature was 0.3℃higher, which was good for the formation of plump pods. According to the accumulated temperature (≥10℃), July 30th could be calculated as the valid flower termination date, which could provide the basis for timely chemical control, deducing the number of invalid flowers and pods, reducing the plant height to prevent the lodging and increasing the plump pod rate. (2)According to the standards of winter wheat strong seedlings, October 5th was calculated as the suitable sowing date of winter wheat. During the growth period of winter wheat (October 5th- June 15th, the same below), the average year accumulative temperature (≥0℃) of Liaocheng City (1981-2014) was 2335.71℃, which fully met the need of accumulative temperature of the normal growth and development of wheat. In conclusion, the accumulated temperature of Liaocheng City can completely meet the temperature requirements of peanut-winter wheat double-cropping and it is feasible to developing the summer peanut planting after winter wheat.

  Variation Characteristics of Water Requirement of Corn and Wheat in Shanxi Province and Their Response to Climate Warming Guo Wei,Yang Aiqing,He Jieying,Zhao Liping,Wang Xiaolan and Hao Zhiwen 2015, 31 (30):  273-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060034 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 1534KB )   ( 748 ) Crop water requirement in north China is critical in farm water cycle. The paper aims to investigate the variation tendency of water requirement of main crops in Shanxi Province and their response to climate warming. Based on daily meteorological data of 39 weather stations in Shanxi Province during 1961—2010, the water requirement of two crops was calculated using Penman-Monteith equation modified. For both corn or wheat, water requirement had two clear changes with a dividing point in 1982, the water requirement of corn first showed a weak upward trend (1961—1982; 4.8 mm/10 a) and then showed a slight downward trend (1983—2010; -1.0 mm/10 a); meanwhile, wheat water requirement in both the two stages showed a significant upward trend (20.6 mm/10 a and 17.1 mm/10 a), but the increase was not continuous. The average water requirement value of the two crops in 1983-2010 was less than that in 1961—1982. The decrease of water requirement of corn exceeded that of wheat. Regional differences were noted for the impact of warming climate on crop water requirement. Climate warming had more impact on crop water requirements in the frigid zones than warm regions. On the other hand, the impact of warming climate on corn water requirement was the highest in arid regions, followed by semi-humid regions, and then semi-arid regions. Variation of crop water requirement was closely related with the local crop yield, the result showed that corn water requirement and corn yield were significantly and negatively correlated, therefore, variation of corn water requirement could effectively reflect or predict the changes of crop yield.

  Research Progress of Determination Methods of Solanesol in Tobacco Fan Zhong,Chen Feng,Zhou Yun,Chen Zhiyan and Li Xiaolan 2015, 31 (30):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060028 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 1403KB )   ( 757 ) In order to provide useful references for the further research, development and application of solanesol in tobacco, the main methods for the determination of solanesol in tobacco were reviewed. Those methods included high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography, near-infrared diffuse reflectance technology, magic angle spinning NMR, coulometric titration and indirect iodometry. The shortcomings of those detection methods were analyzed and future research directions were also discussed.

  Research on the Impact of Structure Adjustment on Poor Farmers' Income in the Three Regions of Southern Xingjiang Wu Jiongli,Song Jianhua and Yang Junxiao 2015, 31 (30):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070056 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 749 ) The per capita income of farmers and Engel coefficient of the countryside can directly reflect the rural poverty status. In this study, the authors chose the three regions of southern Xinjiang as the research area, conducted the grey correlation analysis based on the per capita income of farmers and rural Engel coefficient reference sequence, thus found out the internal correlation between the farmers' income structure and the poverty level. Results showed that the relevance degree of the family business income and poverty was the largest, followed by the impact of wage income and property income, the influence degree of transitivity income on the poverty was relatively small. Therefore, from the perspectives of further optimizing the planting structure, enhancing rural surplus labor transfer and etc., the authors put forward relevant policy recommendations in order to provide reference for the development of rural economy in the three regions of southern Xinjiang.