Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.31 Published:16 November 2015

  Research progress of poplar plantation degradation and recovery 2015, 31 (31):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040164 Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 892 ) This paper studies researches on poplar plantation and restoration at home and abroad in recent years, summarizes the main performance of ecological degradation poplar plantations: ecological degradation of poplar plantation is mainly manifested in three aspects: declining soil degradation, drop in productivity and biodiversity. The main reasons leading to ecological degradation are the outbreak of diseases and insect pests, unreasonable human activities and allelopathy of poplar. The authors proposed specific measures to restore ecological poplar plantation and scientific technical countermeasures to realize the ecological restoration of poplar plantation. It is very important to strengthen the management of poplar ecological system, protect biodiversity and regulate forest land productivity to recover ecological benign cycle from degradation of poplar plantation and realize a sustainable management of plantation. This paper can provide the theoretic basis for continuing operations of poplar plantation and scientific evaluation of the ecological environment problems.

  Fractal study on soil fertilize in different silvicultural density of Cyclpbalanopsis elevaticostata plantation in east Fujian Mountain 2015, 31 (31):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030131 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 513KB )   ( 733 ) The selecting-density experiment of Cyclpbalanopsis elevaticostata plantation was carried out to solve the production decrease and soil degradation due to conifer problem and continuous planting in east Fujian mountainous area. The fractal theory was used to study the soil structure and physicochemical properties of different densities including 2400, 3000, 3600 and 4500 tree/hm2 of Cyclpbalanopsis elevaticostata plantation and barren mountainous area. The results showed that the soil fractal dimension had significant regression relationships with soil water stable aggregate, soil aggregate contents, ratio of structure damage and physicochemical properties. The soil fractal dimension showed a positive linear correlation with the content of soil particle ＞0.25 mm and a negative correlation with the ratio of structure damage. The fractal dimension of soil aggregate structure in different densities showed an order as: barren mountainous area＞4050 tree/hm2＞3600 tree/hm2＞2400 tree/hm2＞3000 tree/hm2. The above results indicated that the fractal dimension was able to characterizing soil fertility. The density of 3000 tree/hm2 of Cyclpbalanopsis elevaticostata plantation was the best in structural stability and fertility status. Application of the fractal theory to the research of forest soil fertility provided a new idea for forest assessment.

  Study on Extraction, Physicochemical Properties and Anti-tyrosinase Activity of Polysaccharides 2015, 31 (31):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070067 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 472 ) To study the physicochemical properties and anti-tyrosinase activity of polysaccharide in Aegiceras corniculatum root, the crude polysaccharides were extracted from Aegiceras corniculatum roots by the sequential extraction methods of water extraction, acid extraction and alkaline extraction. The crude polysaccharides were depurated by degreasing, decoloration, deproteinization and dialysis, its physicochemical properties were examined by UV analysis and various chromogenic reactions, the effects on tyrosinase activity were also researched. The results were as follows: the polysaccharide (neutral polysaccharide) content of aqueous extract from Aegiceras corniculatum roots was 34.02%, acidic polysaccharose content of acid extract was 27.18% , and alkaline polysaccharide content of alkali extract was 51.21% . At the polysaccharose concentration of 0.2-1.0 mg/mL, it was found that the neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharose had dual-directional regulation effects on tyrosinase activity, which showed the inhibition effect under 0.4 mg/mL and activation effect above 0.6 mg/mL, but acidic polysaccharose only showed activation effect.

  The Study of Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology Dendrobium tissue 2015, 31 (31):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070111 Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 678 ) In order to establish Dendrobium candidum micropropagation system, for the production of provide a reference of the Dendrobium candidum tissue culture in the process of sterilization methods, axillary bud induction, protocorm like body induction, proliferation and differentiation of the best culture medium formula. In Dendrobium mature stem segments as explants explore, 1 / 2MS medium or MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of hormone axillary bud induction of Dendrobium protocorm induce, proliferation, differentiation and rooting of seedlings, initially built Dendrobium tissue culture propagation technology system. Studies have shown that the most suitable medium axillary bud induction recipe is MS 6-BA 2.0 mg / L NAA 0.5 mg / L, The induction rate reached 91.28%, the average bud number was 2.34；the original bulb induce the most appropriate medium for 1 / 2MS 6-BA 0.5 mg / L NAA 0.5 mg / L 2,4-D 1.0 mg / L, Induction rate of 66.67%;PLB Multiplication most suitable medium for 1 / 2MS 6-BA 3.0mg / L NAA0.3mg / L, PLB optimum differentiation medium for 1 / 2MS NAA1 .0 mg / L 6-BA3.0 mg / L KT1.0mg / L, the most suitable rooting medium was 1 / 2MS 6-BA0mg / L NAA2.0mg / L AC0.5g / L .

  Effect of Different Substrates and Cutting Facilities on Tender Branch Cutting Propagation of Acer negundo‘Auratum’ 2015, 31 (31):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040214 Abstract + ( 981 )   PDF ( 579KB )   ( 602 ) In order to make an optimal selection of substrate and cutting facilities, the tender branch cutting experiments of Acer negundo ‘Auratum’ were carried out with three kinds of culture substrates of sand, perlite, mixed substrates (perlite : turf=1:1), and two kinds of cutting facilities of the plastic awning facilities and the double layer greenhouse culture seedling facilities. The results showed that perlite and mixed substrates treatments were both better than sand treatment. Among the three treatments, perlite was the highest in rooting rate of 95.6% and root number with characters of crude and short, and the higher in root activity. Mixed substrates treatment was the higher in root activity with thin and long root, but was low as 78.4% in the rooting rate. Under the plastic awning facilities with the mixed substrates, compared with the low temperature and low humidity environment, the rooting rate, root activity, and root number were decreased significantly in higher temperature and humidity. However, the rooting indexes and the seedling growth indexes showed no difference between the two different cutting times under the double layer greenhouse culture seedling facilities. Pure perlite was the optimal culture substrate with long range of cuttings time in plastic awning facilities. Under the low temperature and humidity condition, the mixed substrates were suitable for tender branch cuttings under the plastic awning facilities. However, tender branch cuttings with the double layer greenhouse culture seedling facilities still could maintain a high rooting rate under the high temperature and humidity condition.

  Effects of Plant Hormones on Maturation of Secondary Somatic Embryos of Hevea brasiliensis 2015, 31 (31):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060136 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 490 ) In order to improve the regenerate rate of cyclic secondary somatic embryos in Hevea brasiliensis, establish high frequency regenerate system, the effects of NAA, GA3, 6-BA, KT and ABA on the maturation of long-term stored immature secondary somatic embryos were studied. The results showed that the effect of 0.05 mg/L NAA on the maturation of secondary somatic embryos was significant, 27.33 mature embryos were obtained on average. The optimal concentration of ABA was 1.0 mg/L, 24.33 mature embryos were obtained on average. Concentration changes of ABA could affect the number of mature embryos and root embryos. No secondary somatic embryos matured, and more radicle sprouted when the concentration of GA3 was low (0.2-0.4 mg/L). The best concentration of GA3 was 1.0 mg/L. High concentration of 6-BA and KT was disadvantage for the maturation of secondary somatic embryos, and the best combined concentration was 0.5 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L KT.

  Research progress of Fertilization techniques for Camellia oleifera 2015, 31 (31):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040095 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 508KB )   ( 486 ) In order to study the effect of fertilization on high yield and efficient management of Camellia oleifera, this paper summarized the research progress of fertilization techniques—fertilizer type, fertilization pattern, fertilization stage, formula fertilization and nutrition diagnosis, and analyzed the effect of fertilization on vegetative growth, physiological characteristics, yield and quality. In order to further promote efficient, low carbon and sustainable management of Camellia oleifera, this paper proposed that the emphasis of fertilizer study on Camellia oleifera was to improve the research on the specially used fertilizer and slow controlled release fertilizer. Furthermore, developing the water-fertilizer coupling techniques, establishing the systems of nutrition diagnosis and scientific fertilizing were the crucial measurements and research orientations for guiding the scientific and reasonable fertilizing for Camellia oleifera.

  δ13C Values and Physical Characters of Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves in Response to Different Nitrogen Levels 2015, 31 (31):  41-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030210 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 857KB )   ( 417 ) The purpose of this study is to find the optimum amount of nitrogen of ‘Yunyan 87’ in natural conditions, which provides a certain reference for the field planting of ‘Yunyan 87’. Selected grown under natural conditions of ‘Yunyan 87’ tobacco for the test material, set 3 different nitrogen levels, 60 kg/ hm2, 82 kg/ hm2 and 105 kg/ hm2 （4 kilograms per mu, 5.5 kilograms per mu and 7kilograms per mu） to contrast, as treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3. Taking four sampled three fresh leave on 7th, 10th, 13th and 15th in same leaf position before and after topping, determining stable carbon isotope (δ13C value), specific leaf weight, , total nitrogen, C/N ratio and so on. The results show that: the same climatic conditions of different nitrogen treatment environment, photosynthetic pigments and total nitrogen of treatment 3 are the highest, C/N ratio and specific leaf weigh are the lowest; specific leaf weight, δ13C value and total carbon of treatment 2 are the highest, total nitrogen and C/N ratio are slightly lower than treatment 3; δ13C value, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and other aspects of performance are poor. This study think the performance of ‘Yunyan 87’ tobacco in 82 kg/ hm2 (5.5 kilograms per mu) of nitrogen is the best, 105 kg/ hm2 (7 kilograms per mu) of nitrogen comes second, while the performance of ‘Yunyan 87’ tobacco under 60 kg/ hm2 (4 kilograms per mu) of nitrogen is poor. Accordingly, it can be determined that ‘Yunyan87’ is more suitable for planting under 82 kg/ hm2 (5.5 kilograms per mu) of nitrogen.

  The Effect of Different NPK Fertilizations on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato in Semi-arid Areas of Southern Ningxia 2015, 31 (31):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050185 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 833KB )   ( 440 ) The water use efficiency of dryland was low in southern Ningxia. The experiments were implemented with nutrients abundance and deficiency index method (different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) to study the soil water dynamic distribution of potato‘( Zhuang No.3’), potato yield components, yield and variation characteristics of water use efficiency. The effect of different fertilization treatments such as CK, NP, NP, PK and NPK on soil cross-section dynamic water storage, potato yield and water use efficiency was discussed. The results showed that in 2011 and 2013, soil profile moisture contents of fertilization treatments were all lower than that of the control in the late growth period, and NK and NPK treatment improved 1 m soil water content in the tuber growth period (by 1.1% and 3.2% respectively), and increased the potato water consumption (by 1.8% and 4.4% respectively). Compared with the control, NK and NPK treatment raised potato yield by increasing the number of tubers and grain yield per plant (NPK treatment had the highest yield, the increase rate of the number of tubers was 11.7% and that of the grain yield per plant was 15.9%, and the yield of NK treatment was the second). Compared with the control, water use efficiency of NPK treatment increased by 2.9% to 13.2%, while that of NK treatment increased by 2.8% to 8.0%. Potato yield and water use efficiency in dryland of southern Ningxia were significantly affected by the lack of nitrogen and potassium. Nitrogen cooperated with potassium fertilizer and the reasonable application of NPK fertilizer could improve the ability of soil water utilization in potato, therefore, to increase the potato yield and water use efficiency.

  Impact of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Yield, Economic Returns and Soil Nmin of Cabbage 曹兵,,, and 2015, 31 (31):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2462 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 426 ) In order to study the reasonable application method of controlled release fertilizer, field demonstration experiment was conducted to study effects of controlled release fertilizers blended with soluble fertilizers on yield, quality and economic returns of cabbage. The results showed that, in comparison with conventional N fertilization with basal application and 2 topdressings, the cabbage yield with controlled release fertilizer with 20% N rate reduction and single basal application increased by 6.1% and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 11.5 percentage point. Nitrate content of cabbage with controlled release fertilizer decreased by 8.8% compared with that under conventional fertilization. Net economic returns of cabbage with controlled release fertilizers increased by 2802 yuan/hm2 compared with that under conventional fertilization, though N input of the former was increased by 75 yuan/hm2. Nitrate leaching and accumulation under 40 cm soil layer with controlled release fertilizers was dramatically reduced compared with that under conventional fertilization.

  Study on the allelopathic autotoxicity of pepper root exudate by different collection methods 2015, 31 (31):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080055 Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 499KB )   ( 688 ) In order to provide theoretical basis to solve continuous cropping obstacles of pepper, the allelopathic autotoxicity of pepper root exudates collected by different methods was studied. The root exudate of pepper was collected through nutrient solution culture and sand culture, and the allelopathic autotoxicity was studied by the method of bioassay. The results showed that the pepper root exudates collected by nutrient solution culture could significantly inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth, and the highest inhibition effect could be achieved at the concentration of 30 g/L, the allelopathy autotoxicity of‘Rela No.2’root exudates on seed germination was higher than that of‘Retian No.5’, but the allelopathy autotoxicity of‘Retian No.5’root exudates on seedling growth was higher than that of‘Rela No.2’. The pepper root exudates collected by sand culture could significantly inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth, and the inhibiting effect increased with the increase of root exudates concentrations and also reached the highest at the concentration of 30 g/L, the comprehensive allelopathy autotoxicity of‘Rela No.2’root exudates was higher than that of‘Retian No.5’. The root exudates of pepper had allelopathic autotoxicity effect on seed germination and seedling growth. Therefore, root exudates of continuous cropping pepper accumulated year by year had autotoxicity, and it might be the important reason leading to continuous cropping obstacles of pepper.

  Effects of 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid on Physiological-biochemical Characteristics of Tomato Under Low Temperature Stress 2015, 31 (31):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040090 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 780KB )   ( 440 ) In order to study the effects of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato under low temperature stress, exogenous 5-sulfasolicylic acid was applied by presoaking and spraying on seedling leaves. Then, the seedlings were submitted to low temperature treatment. Samples were measured for physiological and biochemical indexes. The results indicated that the activities of SOD, CAT and POD were improved by 5-sulfosalicylic acid, but MDA content and relative electro conductivity were decreased. The levels of free amino acid and soluble proteins were increased. There was no consistent variation among different treatments. 5- sulfosalicylic acid could improve the adaptability of tomato seedlings to low temperature stress to a certain extent by protecting biomembrane from cold damage. Treatment 2 had the best effect, different varieties had different response to the same 5-sulfasolicylic acid treatment.

  Research Progress of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Vicia Genus 2015, 31 (31):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050050 Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 583 ) In order to better develop and utilize the Vicia plant resources, the research advances of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Vicia genus were systematically summarized by consulting the related literatures both at home and abroad. The chemical constituents reported from the recent references were mainly terpenoids, flavonoids and amino acids, and the pharmacological activities consisted of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson’s disease. Finally, the research interests and prospect of Vicia genus were proposed in this article.

  Effect of Microbial Agents in Mushroom Casing on Yield Characteristics and Microbial Diversity of Agaricus bisporus 2015, 31 (31):  81-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040136 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 702KB )   ( 497 ) To study the effect of microbial agents in mushroom casing on yield characteristics and microbial diversity, microbial agents were used to deal with Agaricus bisporus casing, and the continuous effects on fruiting bodies and microbial diversity of mushroom casing were observed. The results indicated that spraying both substrate activator A and plant growth regulator B could increase mushroom yield. Using substrate activator A alone, plant growth regulator B alone and the two together increased mushroom yield by 2.89%, 7.27% , 9.22% respectively compared with the control group. Each treatment had little effect on single mushroom weight of 1st flush, but significantly increased the single mushroom weight of 2nd and 3rd flush.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that using microbial agents made microbial community of mushroom casing more rich.

  Analysis of Fruit Quality and Nutrient Components of Apple Species Introduced in Yili River Valley 唐 金,卢磊,刘 君,陈淑英 and 丛桂芝 2015, 31 (31):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020099 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 647 ) In order to learn fruit characteristics of Malus domestica‘Honeycrisp’, Malus domestica‘Gale Gala’and Malus domestica‘Huashuo’in Yili River Valley, the fruit quality and nutrient components of the 3 apple species were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the average fruit mass was 190-280 g and fruit shape index was 0.81-0.89. The three species had fruit shape correctly and belonged to the big fruit apple species. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica‘Gale Gala’was as high as 11.7 kg/cm2, and the fruit had hard texture. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica‘Huashuo’was 8.8 kg/cm2. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica‘Honeycrisp’fruit firmness was 8.1 kg/cm2, and the fruit was tasted sour and crispy. The soluble solids content of the three species was 13.6%-16.4%, higher than that of the‘Fuji’and‘Gala’generally. Malus domestica‘Huashuo’had the highest ratio of soluble solids content to acid (6.07/1), the second was Malus domestica‘Honeycrisp’(4.08/1), and the lowest was Malus domestica‘Gale Gala’(2.80/1). Malus domestica‘Huashuo’tasted sweeter and Malus domestica‘Gale Gala’tasted sourer. Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp’tasted sour, crispy and delicious by comparison. The hydrolysis of reducing sugar content was 10.8%-13.2%, reducing sugar content was 7.0%-8.4%. The content of Vc was 2.53-2.90 mg/100 g. The distribution trend for 8 mineral elements in three apple species was consistent. The order of mineral element

  The Role of Cell Wall Degradation Enzymes in the Pathogenic Processes of Apple Mouldy Core Caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum 2015, 31 (31):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040159 Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 932KB )   ( 789 ) The study aims to estimate the role of cell wall degradation enzymes in the pathogenic processes of apple mouldy core caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum. The authors used the‘Starking’ apple as the material. Cell wall degradation enzymes produced by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum both in vitro and in vivo were studied. The commercial cellulase and glucanase preparation were placed on the‘Starking’apple to observe the disease incidence. The results showed that different levels of enzyme activities were obtained with A. alternate and T. roseum grown on different carbon sources. The induced activity of T. roseum filter paper enzyme was the highest in apple cell walls powder. The induced activity of A. alternate filter paper enzyme was higher in apple cell walls powder and cellulose than that of other treatments (P＜0.05). The induced activity of A. alternate and T. roseum carboxymethyl cellulose both were the highest in apple cell walls powder (P＜0.05). The induced activity of A. alternateβ -glucanase was the highest in apple pulp. And the induced activity of T. roseumβ - glucanase was the highest in apple pulp and cellulose. The commercial cellulase and glucanase preparation placed on pricked fruit led to the formation of symptoms similar to those developing on A. alternate and T. roseum inoculated fruits, and the incidence area were 2.46 and 0.75 cm2 after inoculation 3 d, respectively. These results demonstrated that the cellulase and glucanase played an important role in the pathogenic processes of apple mouldy core caused by Alternaria alternate and Trichothecium roseum, especially the cellulose.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Physiological-biochemical Characteristics in Nectarine 2015, 31 (31):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040153 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 904KB )   ( 543 ) In order to analyze salt resistant levels of different nectarine varieties, provide foundation for salt tolerance breeding research, the potted nectarine seedlings of‘Huaguang’(H) were used as materials for the study on the changing tendency of physiological index in the stem under different salt stress levels. The results showed that the index of nectarine stem had no significant change under the stress of 0.4% NaCl, the relevant indicators were affected with 0.8% NaCl in the late period. With 1.2% level of NaCl, the index had significant difference in prophase, indicating that salt environment was the limit to the plants. Based on this, the potted seedlings of‘Huaguang’(H),‘Zhongyoutao 4’(Z),‘Yanguang’(Y),‘Qiannianhong’(Q),‘Meiguihong’(M) were used as materials, the physiological index changes were analyzed under stress of 1.2% NaCl solution to research salt resistant levels of different varieties of nectarine. The results indicated that the performance also varied considerably among different cultivars under salt stress, the sequence of the salt tolerance of yellow flesh cultivars was Z＞Q; the sequence of the salt resistance of white flesh cultivars were H＞Y, M＞H; and the sequence of the salt resistance of white flesh cultivars was stronger than that of yellow flesh cultivars.

  Research Advances of Ripening and Softening in Prunus Fruit 2015, 31 (31):  104-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060014 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 858KB )   ( 541 ) The fruit of Prunus is rich in minerals, antioxidants, flavonoides and glutathione, which contribute significantly to human nutrition and are considered to be one series of the most important commodities consumed worldwide. The fruit firmness declined rapidly after post-harvest, resulting in the decrease of the fruit quality, bad fruit storability and short of shelf life. Aiming to understand the survey of Prunus fruit ripening and softening, and provide a reference to further research the mechanism of fruit ripening and softening of Prunus plant, this paper summarized the proceeding of the physiological changes including respiration, ethylene production, quality related materials, cell wall changes such as structure, composition and enzymes involved in cell wall degradation, progress of gene related to fruit ripening and softening and proteomics research in fruit ripening and softening. It also pointed out the existing problems and proposed the research directions. The paper believed that the current research of fruit ripening and softening of Prunus were concentrated in the changes of cell wall material composition and structure, enzyme activity changes of cell wall degradation related enzyme such as polygalacturonase and β -galactosidase, and the gene cloning and function analysis of cell wall degradation enzyme. The combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and genomics studies will be the development direction of the Prunus plant fruit ripening and softening research.

  Primary Assessment of Vitis quinquangularis Germplasm Resources in Northern Guangxi Karst District 2015, 31 (31):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020018 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 724KB )   ( 393 ) To evaluate and select excellent germplasm resources of Vitis quinquangularis, the biological and agronomic characters (such as leaf, branch, clusters and berries, etc.) were investigated in the 38 Vitis quinquangularis germplasm resources which are native to northern Guangxi karst district. The results showed that, there were widely differences in biological and agronomic characters and high polymorphism among germplasm resources. After comparing and selecting, 4 resources with excellent traits (such as large clusters, high soluble solid content, etc.) were gained. The study could provide the basis for breeding new Vitis quinquangularis variety with high yield and fine quality.

  Effects of Different Organic Fertilizer Application Levels on the Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Xiahei’Grapes 2015, 31 (31):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050135 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 462 ) In order to use organic fertilizer efficiently and reasonably in grape cultivation, five- year old ‘Xiahei’grape under protected cultivation was used as the experimental material and fertilized with different amount of organic fertilizer (22.5, 45, 90 t/hm2), to compare the plant growth and fruit quality among the treatments. The results showed that the organic fertilizer could promote plant growth, increase the photosynthesis rate and improve fruit quality. But when the organic fertilizer amount was increased to 90 t/hm2, the branches became longer and thinner with lower degree of maturity. Excessive increase in organic fertilizer to some extent, not only had a negative impact on the growth of‘Xiahei’grape, but also was a waste of production cost. It was concluded that the optimal amount of organic fertilizer for‘Xiahei’grape under protected cultivation was 45 t/hm2.

  Effects of Different Drought Resisting Measures on Fruit Quality and Yield of Citrus maxima‘Dongshizao’ Huang Jing,Gao Shide,Yue Hai,Chen Guoyun,Yuan Huifang and Tian Yaohua 2015, 31 (31):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030181 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 604KB )   ( 569 ) The study aims to solve the problem that seasonal drought affecting blossoming and fruit setting of Citrus maxima in Xishuangbanna. Citrus maxima ‘Dongshizao’ was selected as the study material to evaluate the effects of different drought-resistant measures on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and Citrus maxima ‘Dongshizao’ production during the key phenological phases. Comparative study of four drought-resistant measures (black plastic, white plastic, weeds and water retention agent) with a control treatment was carried out in field. In result, for all different soil layers, the soil bulk density under straw mulch was the minimum and its soil porosity was the maximum. While under black or membrane mulch, the soil bulk density was the maximum and its soil porosity was the minimum. The contents of different soil nutrients varied with time differences. Membrane mulching could increase iron and zinc content, straw mulching could increase the contents of plentiful elements as well as calcium, boron and other elements in surface soil, and water retention agent could slow down the decline of micronutrients. Various drought-resistant measures could increase fruit set and yield, with most significant increase (respectively 91.7% and 56.9%) under black membrane mulching compared with that of control treatment. Mulching measure could obviously affect fruit weight and edible rate, and thereby affect soluble solids, total acidity, total sugar and reducing sugar; while the fruit shape index and the number of seeds per bag flap were not significantly affected; and particularly, straw mulching could significantly increase the total sugar and Vc content. Compared with that of the control, the contents of total sugar, vitamin C and soluble solid under mulching treatment were greatly increased by 18.7%, 18.2% and 11%, respectively.

  Fruit Target Characters Performance of Progenies in Longan Reciprocal Cross Breeding Xu Ling,Wei Xiuqing,Zhang Xijuan,Yu Dong,Chen Zhifeng,Huang Jinsong and Xu Jiahui 2015, 31 (31):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010045 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 423 ) The target characters of longan cross breeding include big-fruit, high sugar content, high edible rate and crisp and dry-on-surface flesh. In our paper, progenies of reciprocal cross between longan cultivars ‘Lidongben’ and ‘Biew kiew’ were used as materials to study the target character performance and distribution in progenies of Longan cross breeding. The results showed that among all the progenies, 25.93% had the average fruit weight of more than 12 g, 37.04% had fruit soluble solid content of more than 22%, 28.57% had edible rate of more than 68%, 30.36% had dry-on-surface flesh and 44.64% had crisp flesh. Taking all the 5 characters into consideration, there were 30 plants with 2 target characters, 14 plants with 3 target characters, 3 plants with 4 target characters and no plants with 5 target characters among all the progeny plants.

  Effect of fertilizer on biomass and nutrient accumulation of banana 2015, 31 (31):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010203 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 364 ) To explore the biomass and nutrient accumulation and accumulation law of fertilizer on banana, taking Brazil banana for example, get all body and divide them out, then get the biomass and nutrient of banana plant. The results showed that, the order of nutrient contents was K> Si> N> Ca> Mn> Mg> P> Fe> Zn> B> Cu. Compared with convention, fertilization could increase banana biomass, nearly 69.47%; could respectively increase accumulate nitrogen fertilizer 63.68%, phosphorus 64.12%g, potassium 5.07%, calcium 49.39%, magnesium 82.85%, manganese 26.60%, iron 76.24%, copper 44.49%, zinc 152.50%, boron 162.22%, silicon 81.18% per plant. The result showed fertilization can promote plant growth, increase nutrient accumulation of fruit and leaf, making suggestion for nutrient management scientifically of banana.

  Comparison of Extraction Methods of Total RNA from Strawberry Fruits 2015, 31 (31):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050048 Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 627 ) It is difficult to extract total RNA from strawberry fruits since the fruits are rich in phenols, polysaccharide and other secondary metabolism substances. In order to establish a method for extracting total RNA from strawberry fruits, modified CTAB method and modified EASYspin plant RNA extraction kits methodwere compared. The concentration, integrity and purity of total RNA were detected by the agarose gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid/protein assay (NanoDrop 2000). The results showed that both methods were fit for extracting high-quality RNA from strawberry fruits with two distinct electrophoresis bands of 28S and 18S. Both the OD260/OD230 values and the OD260/OD280 values were 2.0 above. Modified CTAB method was cheap and of high-quality, but modified EASYspin plant RNA extraction kits method was simple, safe and rapid. RTPCR analysis showed that extracted total RNA could be applied to gene cloning and other molecular biology experiments.

  PSII Activity Changes and Heat-tolerance Comparison of Different Rhododendron Cultivars under High Temperature Stress 2015, 31 (31):  150-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030005 Abstract + ( 1343 )   PDF ( 996KB )   ( 392 ) In order to understand the response mechanism of Rhododendron to high temperature stress and select cultivars with high heat-tolerance, appearance and chlorophyll fluorescence were investigated in R. obtusum‘Yanzhimi’, R. obtusum‘Turuimeigui’, R. obtusum‘Xiaoqinglian’, R. pulchrum‘Xiajinpao’, R. hybridum‘Jinpao’, R. hybridum‘Yanchun’and R. Championiae‘Zihe’under three high- temperature stresses (30℃/28℃ , 35℃/30℃ and 38℃/35℃ ). The chlorophyll fluorescence indexes included Fo (initial fluorescence), Fv/Fo (potential activity of PSII), Fv’/Fm’(efficiency of excitation capture of open PSII center) and NPQ (non-photochemical quenching). The results indicated that with the increase of treated days, Fo increased, Fv/Fo and Fv’/Fm’decreased. The fluorescence change was proportional to the stress strength and treated days. Moreover, NPQ reduced in the early stage and then increased. The change range of chlorophyll fluorescence was small in cultivars with high heat-tolerance while that was large in those with low heattolerance. The heat- tolerance of tested Rhododendrons was comprehensively evaluated with subordinate function. The cultivars with higher heat-tolerance were‘Yanzhimi’,‘Turuimeigui’and‘Xiaoqinglian’, and which could be applied to city landscape and partly substitute conventional cultivar‘Zihe’.

  Effect of low temperature stratification of test tube Lily bulblet activity 2015, 31 (31):  160-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040166 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 638KB )   ( 412 ) In order to improve the applicability of test tube lily bulblet, the effect of low temperature stratification on the expression of small bulblet‘Siberia’was studied. The results showed that: -2℃ and 2℃ temperature treatments could effectively improve the germination rate, vigor index, breaking capacity and bolting rate of test tube bulblet. The study indicated that low temperature stratification of 135-165 d was the best vigor expression period, and through the promotion of bolting, could be highly related (correlation coefficient 1.00**) to improving lily (6-9 cm circumference) harvest rate. Low temperature stratification is an indispensable measure in achieving activity of the test tube lily bulblet cultivated in the field.

  Effects of Temperature and Light on Flower Bud Differentiation in Ardisia crenata 宋小民 and 周超华 2015, 31 (31):  166-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040081 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1721KB )   ( 416 ) In order to study the factors effected Ardisia crenata’s flowering and ascertain the relationship between flower bud differentiation and two main environmental factors, temperature and light, the experiment was carried out which used 1.5-2 year old potted Ardisia crenata as material and set different treatments by temperature, photoperiod and light density. The results showed that temperature was a main factor affecting flower bud differentiation of Ardisia crenata. Under treatment with 20-25℃ Ardisia crenata could undergo the whole process of flower bud differentiation, while under the treatments with temperatures 10℃ it could not undergo flower bud differentiation but just maintained the vegetative growth process. When vegetative growth was strong, flower bud differentiation of Ardisia crenata occurred as long as temperature was appropriate regardless long-day or short-day light treatment. It showed photoperiod had no effect on flower bud differentiation and floral induction, but suitable light density was beneficial to the growth and development of Ardisia crenata.

  Selection of DUS testing characteristics of Okra leaf 2015, 31 (31):  171-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070147 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 829KB )   ( 538 ) In order to scan and define the characteristics for DUS testing of okra new varieties, this study inspected and collected the related data of morphological characteristics of 180 okra materials’leaf, and compared the differences among the materials. The results showed that in the observation of the 15 characteristics, 4 qualitative characteristics, 5 pseudo- qualitative characteristics, and 4 quantitative characteristics were obviously different among all the varieties. Therefore, 13 characteristics could be considered as the basic characteristics of DUS testing guidelines of okra.

  Study on Seed Germination Characters of Gentiana algida 2015, 31 (31):  177-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010201 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 567KB )   ( 377 ) In order to explore the optimal conditions of seed germination of Gentiana algida, the influence of seed germination by the different temperatures, the different light conditions and the different concentrations of GA3 treatments were studied. The results showed the seed germination rates were significantly influenced by different temperatures, as both low (5℃) and high (35℃) temperatures severely inhibited the seed germination. 25℃ was the most suitable temperature, the germination rate was 68.9%. Light condition was significant effect on the seed germination, because the dark condition was inconducive to the germination. The GA3 treatment improved the germination potential and the germination rate, but higher GA3 concentration treatment inhibited the seed germination. The 300-400 mg/L concentration of GA3 was the best treatment, and the germination rate reached above 85%. Therefore, the optimum temperature of the seed germination of G. algida was 25℃, light was also required in the process, and the 300-400 mg/L concentration of GA3 treatment increased the seed germination rate significantly.

  Preliminary exploration of light vegetated mats for Roof-Greening with multi-vegetation mode in Beijing area 2015, 31 (31):  181-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040157 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 2256KB )   ( 416 ) Green roof is one of the important measures for the construction of the sponge city. Light vegetated mats for roof-greening have advantages of rapid construction, good greening effect, fast promotion and so on. But roof-greening mats also have many problems such as single species and poor landscape. A comparative experiment was designed to produce multi-vegetation mats for light roof-greening with Thymus mongolicus, Sedum sarmentorsum, Sedum spurium‘Coccineum’, Sedum reflexum and Androsace incana which were selected as suitable plants for roof-greening, with coconut shred mat as base material, with the peat, loam, perlite and vermiculite as the substrate. Through contrast test between 2 and 4 cm substrate, we found that 5 plants combination with 4 cm substrate took 47 days to form the turf after the construction, and 57 days to form the mat.

  Bioinformatics Analysis of AfUGPase in Amorpha fruticosa L. 2015, 31 (31):  187-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040205 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 446 ) The aims were to investigate the structure and function of AfUGPase gene in Amorpha fruticosa L., and find out the difference of inoculated plants and non-inoculated plants under the stress of AMF. AfUGPase gene was predicted by the tools of bioinformatics (nucleic acid sequence alignment, ORF analysis, multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis) in the following aspects: the composition of amino acid sequence, structure of protein, molecular phylogenetic evolution and so on. The AfUGPase gene was 1831 bp, containing a 1416 bp open reading frame, which encoded 471 amino acid, while the estimated molecular weight and isoelectric point of the putative protein were 51584.2 Da and 6.07. It was a stable protein without memebrane- spanning domain, alpha helix and random coil were major structural elements of polypeptide chain, subcellular localization result indicated that it was located in cytoplasm, phylogenetic analysis showed that it had the secondary differentiation group with soybean UGPase. The results showed that AfUGPase gene contained a conservative Lys residue, participated in catalysis of enzyme, and was a typical UGPase protein, and also played an important role in plant metabolism and lipid synthesis.

  Research on Plant Expression Vector Construction and Transformation to Nicotiana tabacum of Cotton HSP70 Gene 2015, 31 (31):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070103 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 1086KB )   ( 561 ) In order to study the response of cotton HSP70 gene to drought stress in transgenic plants, the pCAMBIA1304-HSP70, plant expression vector, was constructed by using the cloned GhHSP70 gene and the pCAMBIA1304 vector. The pCAMBIA1304- HSP70 was transformed into EHA105 strain by freeze- thaw method. Then, the genetic transformation of tobacco was studied through leaf dish transformation method. Results showed that the tobacco adventitious buds and complete plants were obtained under Hygromycin (50 mg/L) selective pressure, the transgenic tobaccos were detected by GUS gene histochemical method and PCR method, and five of them were positive plants. We preliminarily confirmed that the GhHSP70 gene had transferred into tobacco genome. This study provided a fundamental experiment condition for further research on the GhHSP70 gene, and it might lay the foundation for genetic transformation in order to improve the drought resistance of cotton.

  Resistance of Main Cultivars Against Fusarium oxysporum Causing Soybean Root Rot in Sanjiang Plain 2015, 31 (31):  199-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060084 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 481KB )   ( 367 ) The objective of this study is to confirm the resistance of main cultivars against Fusarium oxysporum causing soybean root rot in Sanjiang Plain Area. 13 main cultivars were collected from Sanjiang Plain. The identification of those cultivars against F. oxysporum with pot and field test by artificial inoculation was done at the same time. Control check without artificial inoculation was done. The resistances of‘Kenfeng 16’and ‘Hefeng 55’were the best. The average disease indexes of‘Kenfeng 16’and‘Hefeng 55’were 15.33% and 20.67%, respectively. The resistances of‘Kenfeng16’and‘Hefeng 55’were shown in field test, too. The average disease indexes of‘Kenfeng16’and‘Hefeng 55’in field test were 25.55% and 22.89%, respectively. The yield decreasing rates of‘Kengfeng 16’and‘Hefeng 55’were the lowest for 3.55% and 3.77% , respectively, compared with the control, and the difference was significant.‘Kenfeng 16’and‘Hefeng 55’ were the resistant cultivars and suitable to be planted to control the soybean root rot causing by F. oxysporum in Sanjiang Plain Area.

  A Discussion on the National Standards of Disease Grades of Fusarium Wilt, Verticillium Wilt and Seedling Root Rots of Cotton 2015, 31 (31):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060131 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 508KB )   ( 642 ) In order to make the national rating standards on cotton Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and root rots of cotton seedling being rigorous, scientific and feasible, and meet the demand of the scientific research and production, this article reviewed the birth and development of the national rating standard on cotton Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and root rots of cotton seedling, and approved the roles of some rating standards on the research and control of the three diseases. It also pointed out the defects of GB/T 17980.92—2004 and GB/T 17980.93—2004. In addition, it compared the effects of different rating standards on the statistical results of disease index. According to the theories of setting plant disease rating standards and various examples of plant disease rating home and abroad, the article provided some suggestions on how to revise the disease rating standards of cotton Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and root rots of cotton seedling.

  The Occurrence and Damage of Sugarcane Ratoon Stunting Disease and Its Pathogen Detection in Yunnan 张荣跃,单红丽,罗志明 and 尹炯 2015, 31 (31):  208-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060111 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 574KB )   ( 401 ) The paper aims to ascertain the occurrence and damage of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in Yunnan, and provide the guidance for the application and extension of healthy, bacteria-free seedlings treated with hot water and control this disease scientifically and effectively. In 2012-2014, the occurrence and damage of RSD were investigated in the 18 cane-growing regions of Yunnan, and 1091 samples were collected for RSD detection by using a PCR technique. The results showed that 825 samples (75.6% out of 1091) were positive for the presence of RSD. In Yunnan, RSD was detected in all 18 cane-growing areas at the rates of 56.4%-88% and the infection rates of the 28 main cultivars were 51.2%-100%. Ten main cultivars including Yuetang 93-159, Yuetang 00-236, Guitang 11 and Ganzhe 18 were infected seriously, their RSD incidence rates were more than 90%. Moreover, the plant crop and ratoons from both irrigated and rainfed fields were infected with RSD. Thus, RSD had become a major disease that seriously restricts the development of the canesugar industry in Yunnan due to cane yield loss and a shortened ratoon period.

  Research on Chromatography Detection Method of 20% Chlorantraniliprole Suspension Liquid 2015, 31 (31):  213-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050065 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 1052 ) This paper aims to find the best way to detect 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension liquid by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Firstly, the standard curve was built through detecting different dosages of the standard sample method by HPLC. Secondly, the research showed that HPLC result of dichloromethane was the best among 5 different extracting materials (solvent methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone and dichloromethane) and the best dosage for extracting was 55%. It was found that the best HPLC way for detecting 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension liquid was using 55% dichloromethane to extract the chlorantraniliprole (detectable concentration of 20% chlorantraniliprole SC-CORAGEN was 931.4 μg/mL). The research established the best HPLC way to detect chlorantraniliprole and could provide references for further study on the residue and elimination of chlorantraniliprole.

  Effects of Fertilization on Spatial-temporal Variation of Black Soil Nitrogen at Different Sugar Beet Growth Stages 2015, 31 (31):  217-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040066 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 484 ) An experiment of four fertilization treatments in sugar beet field was conducted to study the spatialtemporal variability characteristics (0- 90 cm surface soil, from May to September) of black soil inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) and organic nitrogen content (hydrolizable nitrogen, ammoniac nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, unknown nitrogen and unhydrolysable nitrogen) in the whole sugar beet growth season. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization treatment had impact on the spatial and temporal variation of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil was mainly distributed in 0-50 cm layer and higher than that of ammonium nitrogen in soil. Compared with controls, contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-30 cm surface soil were increased by nitrogen fertilizer treatment at sugar beet seedling stage, and consumption of nitrate nitrogen in 0- 70 cm surface soil was increased at the root sugar accumulation stage (July). Compared with no nitrogen fertilizer treatments, the contents of hydrolizable nitrogen, ammoniac nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen in soil were increased in 0- 30 cm layer by applying nitrogen fertilizer. The contents of hydrolizable nitrogen, ammoniac nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen in the soil space of 0-90 cm were obviously decreasing in a gradient, and the content of soil amino acid nitrogen could be balanced in 0-50 cm layer by nitrogen treatment. The content of soil ammoniac nitrogen in soil presented a first increase and then decrease rule along with the sugar beet growing and that of amino sugar nitrogen in soil had no significant spatial and temporal change. The content of unknown nitrogen had opposite change tendency to that of ammoniac nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen in soil as the time went on. Soil unhydrolysable nitrogen appeared deep layer residues in nitrogen fertilizer treatments and leisure treatments soils at later growth stage of sugar beet. Except amino sugar nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen, the contents of organic nitrogen components in soil followed the curve equation of the distribution of three times with time variation law of sugar beet growing stage. Hydrolizable nitrogen, ammoniac nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen of organic nitrogen components in soil were major contributors for inorganic nitrogen in growth period of sugar beet.

  Degradation Characteristics of Veterinary Antibiotics in Soils and Its Relationship with Soil Properties 2015, 31 (31):  228-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040096 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 687KB )   ( 441 ) In order to understand the effects of soil properties on degradation characteristics and bioavailability of veterinary antibiotics in soils, 10 kinds of typical vegetable soils with different physical and chemical properties were selected for the experiment. After adding 4 kinds of antibiotics (oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine and tylosin) at different concentrations (1, 5, 20 mg/kg) and adjusting moisture content of water holding capacity to 65%, soils treated with antibiotics were incubated at 25℃. Dynamic changes of residue and bioavailability of 4 kinds of antibiotics in soils were monitored. The results showed that the degradation rates of antibiotics in soils were significantly higher at the early stage of the experiment (＜20 days) than those of the later (50-100 days). Accumulated degradation amount of antibiotics in soils increased with the increasing concentration of antibiotics. But the degradation proportion decreased with the increasing amount of antibiotics. The degradation rate of 4 kinds of antibiotics in soils decreased in the order of sulfamethazine＞ enrofloxacin＞oxytetracycline＞tylosin. Decline of available antibiotics in soils was more obvious than residue of the corresponding antibiotics in the earlier stage. The degradation rates of all antibiotics were mainly and negatively correlated with the contents of clay and iron oxides, and slightly and positively correlated with the content of organic matter. No correlation was found between the degradation rate of antibiotics and pH, CEC. At the beginning of incubation (5 days), content of available antibiotics was negatively correlated with the contents of clay and iron oxides, and positively correlated with the content of organic matter. However, these correlations decreased with the incubation time.

  Distribution and Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles in Agricultural Fields Around Zhongbao Silver Polymetallic Mining in Western Fujian 2015, 31 (31):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080032 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 476 ) The paper aims to study the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles around silver polymetallic mining area, the contents and vertical distribution of Cu, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, Ni, As, Cr in 10 profiles of the agricultural fields near a silver polymetallic mining area in Zhongbao, the west of Fujian Province, were investigated. The origin of the heavy metals in the profiles was also discussed. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Cd, Hg, Zn and Pb in the soil declined with profile depth. Cu, Cd and Hg were apparently accumulated in surface layers while Pb and Zn were only slightly accumulated in the surface. On the contrary, As and Cr tended to increase with the increase of depth. Ni was evenly distributed in the profiles. The average contents of Cu, Cd and Hg in the surface layer were above the limits for acidic agricultural soils stipulated in China Environmental Quality Standards of Soil (GB 15618-1995) whereas those of the other heavy metals were below the limits. The comprehensive pollution index of the heavy metals in the surface soils was higher than 1,indicating that the surface soils suffered slight compound pollution. Cu and Cd were mainly originated from the mining activities of silver polymetallic mine while Hg was related to the folk metallurgy

  Analysis of Fiber Main Ingredients in No-till Planting Ramie 袁有美 2015, 31 (31):  242-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050009 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 792KB )   ( 478 ) In order to investigate agriculture characters of no-till planting ramie, the no-tillage planting ramie was used as the material. We took the xylogen, phloem and leaf of ramie in young period, growth spurt period, mature period and late mature period to measure plant height, stem diameter and moisture content. At the same time, we also measured the contents of pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin by minusing in these 4 periods. The results showed that in the late mature period of ramie, its height and stem diameter was 135 cm and 12 mm respectively, and the moisture content was 70%-90%, which were much better than that of wild species. There were dynamic changes in the component content of different ramie parts along with the growth of ramie. Comprehensive analysis showed that the cultivation of ramie in no-till way could not only conserve water and soil at the same time but also harvest wood fiber, which could be used in further processing, and thus to get the corresponding returns.

  Low Temperature Risk Evaluation for Facility Agriculture in Eastern Hexi Corridor of Gansu 郭小芹,谢万银,周文霞 and 刘绪珍 2015, 31 (31):  247-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070169 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 526 ) Based on the monitoring data of typical greenhouse and the observation data of 6 weather stations from 1980 to 2014 in eastern Hexi corridor, the authors used information diffusion theory and risk assessment method to analyze the freezing damage caused by low temperature on facility agriculture. The results showed that the low temperature had great influence on greenhouse crops. When the outside temperature of the greenhouse was minus 17.5℃ and minus 14.5℃, the cucumber and tomato would suffer freezing damage. The characteristics of extreme minimum temperature were high intensity, high frequency, wide covering range, great amplitude of variation, and easily inducing freezing damage. At the same level, the frequency of the lowest temperature appeared in an order from small to large as: Liangzhou, Gulang, Minqin, Yongchang, Wushoaling, Tianzhu. For different levels, the strength of the lowest temperature from small to large was in an order as: Liangzhou, Gulang, Minqin, Yongchang, Tianzhu, Wushaoling. There was a certain risk in the study area from minus 15℃ to minus 33℃, the lowest temperature risk value of the Wushaoling mountain was higher than that in the central part of the oasis and the northern desert, and the lowest temperature risk value of the northern desert area was higher than that in the central part of the oasis. As for the risk index distribution, risk indexes of Liangzhou and Gulang were mild, the risk indexes of Minqin and Yongchang were moderate, while the risk indexes of Tianzhu and Wushaoling were high. The conclusion can provide scientific basis for the production layout of the local facility agriculture and the utilization of climatic resources.

  Variation Characteristics of Extreme Drought and Wet Events in Shihezi Region 2015, 31 (31):  255-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040063 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 2552KB )   ( 410 ) In order to investigate variation characteristics of extreme drought and wet events in Shihezi Region,annual and monthly surface humid indexes and the frequency of extreme drought and wet events were analyzed based on the daily data of the 4 meteorological stations in Shihezi Region from 1961 to 2012. The results showed that frequency of the overall trend of extreme drought events was decreasing from 1961 to 2012 with the rate of -0.45 times/10 a, while the frequency of the overall trend of extreme wet events was increasing in the same time range with the rate of 0.39 times/10 a. The frequency of extreme drought events in summer half year and winter half year presented a downward trend with the rate of -0.20 times/10 a, -0.25 times/10 a, respectively. Whereas, an increasing trend was obvious for the variation of the frequency of extreme wet events in summer half year and winter half year (0.11 times/10 a, 0.12 times/10 a). The abrupt change of the frequency of annual extreme drought and wet events happened in 1986 and 1967, respectively. The frequency of extreme drought events had a main cycle of 12-13 years and a second cycle of 2-3 years. However, the frequency of extreme wet events showed no obvious large scale time periods, but presented a small cycle of 6-8 years. The decreasing trend of extreme drought events and the increasing trend of extreme wet events indicated a significant humidification trend in Shihezi Region.

  Radiation Change Features at Alpine Wet Land in Source Region of the Yangtze River 2015, 31 (31):  262-267.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050094 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 702KB )   ( 767 ) In order to research the radiation change features in the source region of the Yangtze River, using observed data from Longbao and Yushu in the source region of the Yangtze River, change features of global radiation, upward shortwave radiation, downward long wave radiation, upward long wave radiation, net radiation and photo- synthetically active radiation (PAR) were analyzed. The results showed that annual cumulant of global radiation was 6488 MJ/(m2 · a). Annual average clearness index was 0.755. Upward shortwave radiation was the highest in winter and the lowest in autumn. Albedo was high in winter and low in summer and annual average albedo was 0.27. Downward long wave radiation was higher in summer than that in winter. Annual cumulant of downward long wave radiation was 8612 MJ/(m2 ·a). Annual cumulant of upward long wave radiation was 9420 MJ/(m2·a). Daily change range of net radiation was high in summer and low in winter. Annual cumulant of net radiation was 2647 MJ/(m2 ·a). Annual cumulant of PAR was 13281 mol/m2. Annual average ratio of PAR to global radiation was 1.92 mol/MJ.

  Precipitation Characteristic Analysis of Liaohe EstuaryS in 64 Years 胡伟,杨旭,翟晴飞,,,, and 2015, 31 (31):  268-273.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040027 Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 912KB )   ( 426 ) To understand the important influence on regional precipitation extreme events caused by the maximum continuous precipitation and the longest continuous rainy days, the maximum continuous precipitation and the longest continuous rainfall days in each month from May to September in 1951 to 2014 at Liaohe River Estuary were regarded as precipitation characteristics analysis object by using linear trend estimation and wavelet analysis. The results showed that the maximum consecutive precipitation from May to September was reducing and a time scale cycle of about 7-8 years existed. The total longest continuous rainfall days from May to September were reducing，and had a 11-year time scale cycle. The maximum continuous precipitation fluctuation at Yingkou from May to September and the longest continuous rainfall days reducing were parts of major causes of precipitation reduction at Liaohe River Estuary. The occurrence of‘extreme weather events’in precipitation was affected by the maximum consecutive precipitation from July to September.

  Analysis of Autumn Rains Features in Shaanxi in 2014 2015, 31 (31):  274-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050069 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 616 ) The paper aims to further study the formation mechanism of autumn rains in Shaanxi and provide references for forecast of autumn rains and decision making. Based on the daily precipitation data of automatic meteorological stations in Shaanxi and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the authors analyzed the atmospheric general circulation and physical features of autumn rains from September 7 to 17 in 2014 in Shaanxi. The results indicated that the 500 hPa polar vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high were strong during autumn rains in Shaanxi Province. The continuous southwest warm moist air of peripheral subtropical high transmission provided ample moisture conditions and westbound typhoon was a favorable climate background. The analysis of physical characters showed that the persistent high humidity and water vapor convergence provided favorable conditions for autumn rains. Large negative value area of the vertical velocity had some significance for precipitation area and precipitation forecast.

  Analysis of polysaccharides and triterpenes contents of ganoderma lucidum with different origins 2015, 31 (31):  280-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050171 Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 547KB )   ( 438 ) The aim was to compare the contents of polysaccharides and triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum from different regions, different growth environments and different growth periods in Hainan. With glucose as the reference substance, anthrone as colour-developing agent, polysaccharides content was measured by 625 nm. With oleanolic acid as the reference substance, vanillin as colour-developing agent, triterpenes content was measured by 550 nm. The results showed that there were some differences of polysaccharides contents and triterpenes contents in Ganoderma lucidum with different sources, artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum from Bawangling had the highest polysaccharides content, which was 1.59%, and wild Ganoderma lucidum from Jianfengling had the highest triterpenes content, which was 0.87%. For Ganoderma lucidum of the same origin, under different growth conditions, difference of polysaccharides content was very remarkable (P＜0.01), difference of triterpenes content was remarkable for Jianfengling and Wuzhishan (P＜0.05). For Ganoderma lucidum under the same growth conditions, with different origins, difference of polysaccharides content was very remarkable (P＜0.01), difference of triterpenes content of wild Ganoderma lucidum was remarkable for Jianfengling and Bawangling (P＜0.05). In different growth periods of Ganoderma lucidum, polysaccharides content and triterpenes content were higher in budding period and maturing period, and reduced obviouslly in effete period. Polysaccharides content of artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum was more than that of wild Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenes content of most wild Ganoderma lucidum was more than that of artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum. Polysaccharides contents and triterpenes contents of Ganoderma lucidum in budding, growing and maturing period were keeping at a higher level, and maturing period was the best harvest period .

  High Cell Density Culture of Lactobacillus plantarum Zhang-LL 白永强,,,,,, and 2015, 31 (31):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030242 Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 753 ) This experiment aimed to improve the concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum Zhang-LL in the fermentation broth by optimizing culture conditions, which could lay the foundation for obtaining high survival counts of probiotic products. The single factor experiments were carried out to determinate the optimal nitrogen sources of fermentation medium, and rapeseed peptone (501) was the alternative nitrogen source in the MRS culture medium. Then, the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiment L9(34) were employed to optimize fermentation conditions based on the optimized medium. The optimum fermentation conditions were determined as follows: the content of nitrogen source was 3.0%, temperature 34℃, pH 6.5, inoculation 7%, stirring speed 150 r/min, and the pH value controlled at 6.5 by chemical neutralization with 15% Na2CO3. The highest bacterial counts of Lactobacillus plantarum was 1.07×1010 CFU/mL on the optimal conditions.