Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.28 Published:27 October 2015

  Carbon Storage Allocation Pattern of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations at Different Stages in Jiangxi Province Zeng Wei,Jiang Bin,Xiong Caiyun,Xiao Fuming and Zhang Kaizhen 2015, 31 (28):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070038 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 1455KB )   ( 430 ) Carbon storage data at different stand ages were analyzed at the provincial scale, in order to master the dynamic carbon allocation pattern of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in Jiangxi Province. This study carried out field investigation on the ecosystem of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in Jiangxi Province, and comprehensive analysis of the present biomass data of Cunninghamia lanceolata. The results showed that, carbon storage of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in Jiangxi Province ranged from 27.82 to 82.61 t/hm2, and the tree layer carbon storage accounted for more than 94.2%. The carbon storage of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations and their tree layers increased with the age increasing at first, and then decreased. Carbon storage of the shrub layer, herb layer and litter had no significant difference among all age forests. The permutation order of carbon storage of each component in young, premature and mature plantations was: tree layer > litter layer > shrub layer > herb layer, however, the permutation order in middle-aged and overaged plantations was: tree layer > litter layer > herb layer > shrub layer. The permutation order of carbon storage of each organ in young plantation was: trunk > leaf > root > branch, but the permutation order in other four plantations was: trunk > root > branch> leaf.

  Effect of Salt Stress on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis of Nitraria tangutorum and Tamarix chinensis 2015, 31 (28):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030212 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 1517KB )   ( 456 ) In order to select salt-tolerant plants for planting in saline soil, 2-year-old Nitraria tangutorum and Tamarix chinensis are used as experimental material. At the same time, NaCl concentration gradient is setted 0 (CK), 100 (Y1), 200 (Y2), 400 (Y3), 600 (Y4) mmol﹒L-1 in order to study photosynthetic diurnal variation of them under salt stress. The results showed that: (1) The trend of the average photosynthetic rate (Pn) of them under salt stress was basically the same with non-salt stress conditions; (2) The photosynthetic ability of Nitraria tangutorum was stronger than tamarisk; (3) With salt concentration increasing, the decline rate of Nitraria tangutorum was greater than Tamarix chinensis in average daily net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE);The water use efficiency (WUE) of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress was higher than non-salt stress, but the WUE of Nitraria tangutorum was higher than the comparison only in Y1 and Y2 processing, and the WUE of Tamarix chinensis was always greater than Nitraria tangutorum. (4) Tamarix chinensis began to appear non-stomatal limitation caused by salt-stress from Y3 treatment, white Nitraria tangutorum appeared from Y1 treatment. In summary, the salt tolerance of Tamarix chinensis is stronger than Nitraria tangutorum and Tamarix chinensis is more suitable for planting under the conditions of the study area.

  Antioxidant Activity in vitro of the Ethylacetate Fraction from Aegiceras corniculatum Fruit Cai Jianxiu,Gu Yaqing,Huang Xiaodong,Huang Jianxin,Li Yuanyue and Zhu Xiao 2015, 31 (28):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060054 Abstract + ( 740 )   PDF ( 1538KB )   ( 533 ) To study the antioxidation of the ethylacetate fraction from Aegiceras corniculatum fruit, the scavenging effects of ethylacetate fraction on DPPH and hydroxyl radical were investigated in vitro, total reducing power was determined. The inhibiting effects of ethylacetate fraction on mice RBC (the red blood cell) hemolysis induced by H2O2 and on MDA (malondialdehyde) formation of mice liver homogenate were also examined. The results were as follows: the clearance rate of DPPH and hydroxyl radical of the ethylacetate fraction from Aegiceras corniculatum fruit increased with its mass concentration increasing. Under the concentration of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/mL, the inhibitory rate of ethylacetate fraction on mice RBC hemolysis by H2O2 inducement was 47.64%, 67.09%, 81.99%, respectively, and under the concentration from 0.5 mg/mL to 2.0 mg/mL, the ethylacetate fraction inhibited MDA production of mice liver homogenate very significantly (P< 0.01) compared with negative control group. Thus, it was clear that the ethylacetate fraction from Aegiceras corniculatum fruit had obvious antioxidant activity.

  Seedling Preliminary Selection of Introduced Provenances of Chifeng Xanthoceras sorbifolia Zhang Weisheng,Zhao Shanshan,Zhang Tianxiang,Lin Shijie,Bao Guangdao and Yang Yuchun 2015, 31 (28):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040007 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 1445KB )   ( 470 ) The study aims to perform fast and superior seedling selection of X. sorbifolia in western Jilin Province. On the basis of evaluation of seed and fruit traits of different provenances of X. sorbifolia, the emergence rate, seedling height and its ground diameter growth from first, second to third-year old of 8 provenances of X. sorbifolia introduced from Chifeng in Inner Mongolia were investigated and analyzed. Result showed that there were significant differences in the emergence rate of different provenances, the emergence rate of 4#, 7# and 8# was better than that of other provenances, and emergence rate of 7# provenance was the best, which was 95.33%. Different provenances had height growth from 23.9 cm to 44.4 cm, 42.6 cm to 69.5 cm, and 51.2 cm to 63.1 cm from the first to the third year, and the corresponding ground diameter were from 0.398 cm to 0.610 cm, 0.556 cm to 0.774 cm, and 0.676 cm to 0.836 cm from the first to third year. Hence, the height and ground diameter growth of different provenances was in a significant increasing trend. In addition, height and ground diameter growth had significant differences among different provenances, height and ground diameter growth of 4#, 6#, 7# and 8# provenances were superior to that of other provenances. Cluster analysis of emergence rate, seedling height growth and ground diameter from first to third year, total height and diameter growth showed that, 8 provenances of X. sorbifolia could be divided into 4 categories, while performance of 7# provenance was the best, whose height and ground diameter growth value in total 3 years were 177.1 and 2.224 cm, respectively. Therefore, this article can promote X. sorbifolia genetic improvement and the application of high quality seedlings in environmental restoration and further utilization in Jilin.

  Heat Resistance of Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana Hybrid Hazels Under Heat Stress Shi Yanjiang,Song Fenghui,Yu Tao,Luo Qinghong and Zhou Li 2015, 31 (28):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040018 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 454 ) In order to investigate the heat resistance of Corylus heterophylla× Corylus avellana hybrid hazels, the relative electric conductivity (REC) of 13 varieties were measured under heat stress with 5 different levels: 30℃(CK), 35℃, 40℃, 45℃ and 50℃. The logistic equation was constructed based on the relationship between cell injured rate and temperature. The heat tolerance of the 13 varieties was evaluated by LT50 and clustering analysis. The results showed that: (1) with the increasing of temperature, the rates of injured cell of the 13 varieties all rise to varying degrees, the extent of injure was: 12#＜7#＜26#＜8#＜3#＜24#＜6#＜2#＜1#＜27#＜30#＜29#＜28#; (2) the inflection point of logistic equation suggested that the limit high temperature of the 13 varieties was from 39.29℃ to 47.02℃, the LT50 was the highest in 12# and the lowest in 28#; (3) the 13 varieties were clustered into 3 branches: 1#, 27#, 28#, 29#, 30# belonged to the first branch, 2#, 3#, 6#, 8#, 7#, 24#, 26# belonged to the second branch and 12# belonged to last branch. These results suggested that the heat threshold of the 13 varieties were from 39.29℃ to 47.02 ℃, 12# had the highest heat tolerance, 1#, 27#, 28# ,29#, 30# had a poor heat resistance and 2#, 3#, 6#, 8#, 7#, 24#, 26# performed general in heat resistance.

  Effects of Different Proportions of Sludge Medium on the Growth of Two Herbs Wang Boyu and Guo Jianbin 2015, 31 (28):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030234 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 1579KB )   ( 408 ) In order to provide a scientific theory for the rational use of municipal sewage sludge in Beijing, sewage sludge of Xiaohongmen sludge transfer station was used as study material, the effects of different proportions of sludge treatment on the growth of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium were analyzed, soil conventional analytical methods were used to analyze the sludge medium, the growth and physiological indices of the two herbs were compared through the comparative test. The results showed that the application of sludge significantly altered the soil biochemistry index, then affected the growth and development of plant. The growth indicators of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium showed an “increase-decline” trend with the increase of the application of raw sludge. For the mixed sludge type, 50% raw sludge and 50% raw dewatered sludge cake were more conducive to the germination and growth of grass seed. When its proportion exceeded 60%, the sludge would inhibit the germination and growth of plant. In addition, the chlorophyll content was significantly higher under sewage sludge treatment, and the content of MDA also had significant change. The results could provide theoretical guidance for the use of sludge technology in mining rehabilitation.

  Numerical Simulation on Windbreak Effect of Coastal Shelterbelts Nets Zhang Lei,Dong Yi,Yu Mukui and Wu Tonggui 2015, 31 (28):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070014 Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 406 ) In order to study the windbreak effect of the coastal shelterbelts, the author simulated the airflow field of the Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest shelterbelts in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software-FLUENT. The result showed that the wind speed started to decrease gradually at the 5 H location windward of shelterbelts, and the back flow appeared behind the shelterbelt. Then the wind gradually recovered to the initial speed with the decreasing influence of the shelterbelt. Meanwhile, the effective sheltering distance of each shelterbelt was almost 10 H in this simulation. Therefore, it was better to set the distance between two shelterbelts to 15 H.

  Effect of Protection Forests Construction on Soil Nutrient Dynamics in Taihu Lake Basin Sun Hui,Zhang Jianfeng,Shan Qihua,Chen Guangcai and Wu Hao 2015, 31 (28):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030163 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 1589KB )   ( 327 ) In order to study the effect of protection forests construction on soil nutrient dynamics in Taihu Lake Basin, the experiment was implemented in Yixing City to study the changes of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium. The results showed that the protection forests construction could effectively reduce the content of soil nutrients, compared with farmland soil, the reduction rates of organic matter and available potassium content of forested soil were 29.06% and 26.33%, the reduction rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus were all over 30%. Hence the research implied that protection forests construction could achieve the effect of source reduction and sink increasing for none-source pollutants, and through source reduction and sink increasing in total, from October 2009 to May 2011, the ecological restoration area of pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus load reduction reached about 46.30-69.54 g/m2 and 3.78-7.30 g/m2.

  Study on Maximum LAI Based on Leaf-shape Paper Weighing Method in Tobacco Field Xu Xingyang,Xu Anchuan,Wang Xinlin,Ouyang Jin,Ye Jiawei and Fang Zhengfen 2015, 31 (28):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040013 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 1530KB )   ( 387 ) To provide scientific reference for correctly applying flue-cured tobacco LAI and its relevant technical parameters, 14 genotypes of flue-cured tobacco in their maximum LAI period were studied under the current quality tobacco leaves production in this paper. The results showed that it was completely feasible to use leaf-shape paper weighing method to quantify the leaf area correction coefficient of flue-cured tobacco. An average value of leaf area per plant in the field was 2.08 m2, and their ranges were from 1.84 m2 to 2.90 m2. An average value of the maximum leaf area index was 3.47, and their ranges were from 3.07 to 4.83. Leaf area correction coefficient and the maximum LAI had large differences among different genotypes of flue-cured tobacco. It is appropriate to select a parameter for practical application by a specific variety, not use a constant value.

  Application of Biodegradable Mulch in Flue-Cured Tobacco Mulching Cultivation Guo Shiping,Xiang Jinyou,Zeng Shuhua and Zhang Jiya 2015, 31 (28):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2444 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 1539KB )   ( 442 ) In order to reduce white pollution and the labor cost of clearing the mulch in flue-cured tobacco mulching cultivation, effect of biodegradable mulch on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco as well as the degradation process of biodegradable mulch in field were investigated in this study by utilizing the field randomized block experiment. As the results showed that film mulching, which could promote fast recovery of survival of tobacco seedlings, was conducive to enhance and improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Both biodegradable mulch and ordinary plastic could shorten the survival period of flue-cured tobacco seedling, while there was no significant difference in heat preservation and increasing temperature to the field ridges. Furthermore, the upper and middle class tobacco leave proportion of biodegradable mulch treatment was 5.82 percentage points higher than that of none mulching, with yield increase of 32.85 kg/hm2 and output value increase of 813.75 yuan/hm2. Compared with ordinary film mulch, the yield and the upper and middle class tobacco leave proportion of biodegradable mulch treatment were slightly lower but had no significant difference, with slightly insufficient leaf thickness and color. Finally, the biodegradable mulch film began to crack in the rosette stage, and completely degraded before the field was ploughed. So it is possible for the application of biodegradable mulch in flue-cured tobacco mulching cultivation, but the cracking time is not synchronous to flue-cured tobacco growth period, and the degradability should be improved.

  Summer Introduction Experiment of White Radish in Bijie City 2015, 31 (28):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050123 Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 1567KB )   ( 377 ) According to the status of white radish production in Bijie, different varieties were introduced in summer. The growth period, biological properties, marketability and quality of the nine introduced varieties were observed and compared. The results showed that ‘Tianqi’ owned the highest yield (89486.4 kg/hm2). The vitamin C content of ‘Tianqi’ was 140.27 mg/kg, soluble sugar was 12.77 mg/kg, and crude fiber was 6.33 mg/kg. The yield of ‘Hanchun’ was 88861.1 kg/hm2, and the vitamin C content was 119.90 mg/kg, soluble sugar was 11.83 mg/kg, and crude fiber was 6.20 mg/kg. ‘Baiyu’ owned the lowest yield (35259.3 kg/hm2). The vitamin C content of ‘Baiyu’ was 126.97 mg/kg, soluble sugar was 11.60 mg/kg, and crude fiber was 6.47 mg/kg. Both ‘Zhedachang’ and ’Deri’ had the whole growth period of 99 days, and the yield was 81148.9 and 80190.1 kg/hm2, respectively. ‘Tianqi’, ‘Hanchun’, ‘Zhedachang’ and ‘Deri’ were suitable for summer cultivation in Bijie City, and ‘Tianqi’ was the most suitable variety.

  SRAP Molecular Marker and Its Application to Space Mutation Breeding of Solanum Plants Li Yali,Yu Tiefeng,Luo Aiyu,Wang Jiedi and Zhang Chunyan 2015, 31 (28):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030179 Abstract + ( 694 )   In this paper, the authors briefly described the application of SRAP molecular marker technology to detected mutagenic effect and genetic stability of solanaceous fruit vegetables of space mutation breeding, and confirmed that the seeds of vegetables after mutation could cause variation at DNA level and had genetic stability. The authors also summarized the application of SRAP molecular marker technology in the purity detection of the hybrids of the aerospace solanaceous fruit vegetables, particularly the purification of the parents of the hybrids. The application achievements of SRAP markers technology in space mutation breeding of solanaceous fruit vegetables at home and abroad were reported in this paper, and taking into consideration of the reality of space breeding work of solanaceous fruit vegetable, the authors believed that SRAP molecular markers had a wide application prospect.

  Nutrient Release Characteristics of Different Controlled-release Fertilizers and Their Effects on Root Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato Sun Zhe,Zheng Jianli,Zhu Guoliang,Liu Zhongliang,Tian Changgeng and Gao Junjie 2015, 31 (28):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030248 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1588KB )   ( 485 ) In order to explore the effect of different controlled-release fertilizers on vegetable in greenhouse, the author carried out an experiment of nylon net bag to study nutrient release characteristics of controlled-release fertilizers with different release durations, and their effects on tomato’ root growth, nutrient use efficiency and economic returns in field trials. The results showed that controlled-release fertilizers CRU and CRF could maintain root activity level for a relatively long time, which could promote tomato yield and quality. Under the same N, P, K application rates, compared with common compound fertilizers, CRU and CRF increased tomato yield by 7.8%-15.7%, and net earning by 2287.5-10677.0 yuan/hm2. The effects of different controlled-release fertilizers with different release durations on tomato quality were different. Compared with common compound fertilizers, Vc content of tomato applied with CRU and CRF-B,CRF-C all increased, and sugar acid ratios of the treatments were lower than CK. Controlled-release fertilizers could promote root growth and activity level during the picking time of tomato, as well as the yield and quality.

  Mechanism Exploration of the Coordinated Regulation Effects of 2015, 31 (28):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040138 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 1569KB )   ( 474 ) Soil bio-obstacle is one of the main bottlenecks that restrict the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production in China, and soil-born pathogen is a major factor that induces soil bio-obstacle. Since soil bio-obstacle is common in cucumber production, the author investigated the effects of compost and Bacillus subtilis on the pathogen caused Fusarium wilt and plant growth. The results showed that both microorganisms in compost and Bacillus subtilis could significantly reduce the inhibition of pathogen to cucumber growth, and had synergistic effect. Microorganisms in compost mainly influenced the absolute length of the first lateral roots (0.3-0.9 mm diameter) and the relative amount of the second lateral roots (0-0.3 mm diameter), while Bacillus subtilis mainly influenced the absolute length of the first lateral roots. Based on these results, microorganisms in compost could cooperate with B. subtilis to inhibit cucumber pathogen and enhance cucumber root growth.

  Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis of Okra Germplasm Resources Hong Jianji,Zeng Riqiu,Yao Yunfa,Li Heping and Lian Dongmei 2015, 31 (28):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040026 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 1501KB )   ( 486 ) In order to efficiently use okra germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for breeding new varieties, genetic diversity and correlation of 31 botanical and biological characteristics were investigated and evaluated with 60 accessions of okra germplasm resources. The results were as follows: (1) some of botanical characteristics, including stem color, stem epidermis, leaf color and fruit color, exhibited significant correlation with each other, the seed shapes of different taxa were distinguishable dependent on the phenotypic traits, the seeds collected from plants with erect, lobed or parted leaves and smaller corolla displayed round shape, whereas the seeds of plants with opposite phenotypic traits showed predominantly oblate shape; (2) the biological characteristics were highly diverse among okra germplasm resources, the variation coefficients from high to low were seed yield (72.51%), fruit number (43.84%), petiole length (40.84%), fruit length (36.95%), days to blossom (28.22%), leaf length (22.69%), leaf width (21.28%), branch number (21.05%), plant height (20.99%), flowering period (18.14%), germination days (16.96%), life cycle (8.97%) and petal number (2.57%); (3) there was a significant correlation of biological characteristics in okra germplasm resources, the seed yield showed extremely and significantly positive correlation with petiole length, fruit number, leaf length, leaf width, and flowering period, and their correlation coefficients were 0.53, 0.49, 0.46, 0.39 and 0.37, respectively. Study on genetic diversity of okra germplasm resources is of great significance in identification, evaluation and utilization of okra germplasm resources.

  Study on Zinc-rich Ability of Hyphae of Pleurotus nebrodensis in Submerged Culture Wang Hui,Zhang Qilin,,Zuo Jingjing,,Yan Guiyun,,Hou Liguang, and 安晓宁 2015, 31 (28):  85-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060085 Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 349 ) The effect of Zn2 concentration in submerged culture medium on growth of hyphae of Pleurotus. nebridensis and content of Zn2 in hyphae was studied in this paper, in order to discuss zinc-rich ability of hyphae of P. nebrodensis and put forward a reference for zinc-rich submerged culture. The hyphae were incubated for two weeks, with different Zn2 concentrations from 0 mg/L to 500 mg/L, on a 25 mg/L increase from each level in submerged medium. Then weighing method was used for measuring the biomass of hyphae, and the content of Zn2 in dry hyphae was tested by dithizone colorimetry. The results showed that the biomass of hyphae increased with the concentration augment of Zn2 in medium. The maximum of the biomass, 1.146 g, emerged at 325 mg/L Zn2 concentration, weighed 5.63 times as much as that of the control, and then decreased little by little with the rise of the Zn2 concentration. The content of Zn2 in hyphae increased with the increase of the Zn2 concentration in medium, its maximum was 26.5056 mg/kg, 6.32 times as high as that of the control. There were extremely significant differences between the treatments and the controls. All these showed that there were important effects of the Zn2 concentration in medium on the growth of hyphae and the content of Zn2 in hyphae. Therefore, the appropriate Zn2 concentration was 325 mg/L in medium for zinc-rich culture to hyphae of P. nebridensis. The content of Zn2 in hyphae was 24.79 mg/kg at 325 mg/L Zn2 concentration in medium, not the maximum, but the hyphae growth would be inhibited if the Zn2 concentration in medium was higher than 325 mg/L.

  Study on High-yield Culture of New Watermelon Cultivar ‘Huangjing’ Zhang Zhaohui,Yang Hongjuan,Gu Weihong,Jiang Yuping and Cheng Chunhong 2015, 31 (28):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010046 Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 1507KB )   ( 552 ) The study aims to improve fruit quality and yield of a new small-fruited watermelon cultivar ‘Huangjing’, and accelerate the application of the new watermelon cultivar. The supporting culture techniques of the new watermelon cultivar ‘Huangjing’ were studied. The results showed that the nutritional bowl seedling was the most suitable seedling-nursing method, and the plastic mulching and a single-vine pruning method were the most suitable to cultivation the cultivar, its appropriate planting density was 11000-13200 plants/hm2 with plant spacing of 25 cm, and the suitable base fertilizer rate was 975-1200 kg/hm2 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (Shi-ma Brand) and 30 t/hm2 refined organic fertilizer. Under plastic mulching, single-vine pruning, reasonable planting density and fertilizer amount, the cultivar will achieve high yield and high quality in protected cultivation conditions of the spring seedling and application.

  Analysis of Genetic Relationship of Vitis Germplasm Resources by SSR Markers Guo Chunmiao,Li Ning,Yang Bo,Zhang Fuchun,Pan Mingqi and Chen Chunsheng 2015, 31 (28):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040076 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 1737KB )   ( 374 ) The aims were to analyze the genetic relationship among 44 Vitis germplasm resources, and provide important basis for cultivar classification, germplasm identification and breeding. SSR markers were employed to clarify the genetic diversity of 44 grape (Vitis L.) genotypes which were suitable for processing of raisins. 8 pairs of polymorphic primers selected from 52 pairs were used for SSR amplification. 190 DNA fragments were generated and all of them were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic band was 100%. The ranges of PIC were 0.6868-0.9640, with an average of 0.9084. Jaccard similarity coefficients of the SSR amplification results were analyzed and the genetic similarity coefficient was from 0.63 to 0.92 with the average genetic similarity coefficient of 0.775. The clustering dendrogram constructed by UPGMA method indicated that 44 Vitis materials could be divided into 5 major groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.654. The first group consisted of 22 varieties, including ‘Otilia’ and ‘Heshen Seedless’. The second group consisted of 7 varieties, including ‘Centennial Seedless’ and ‘Queen of Vineyard’. The third group consisted of 5 varieties, including ‘Beauty Seedless’ and ‘Emerala Seedless’. The fourth group consisted of 6 varieties, including ‘Dawn Seedless’ and ‘Blush Seedless’. The fifth group consisted of 4 varieties, including ‘Triumph’ and ‘Perlette’. SSR markers could more accurately detect the genetic background and genetic relationship between the genotypes, of which the materials with distant genetic relationship between major groups or sub-major groups might be used as elite germplasms for further genetic improvement.

  Nutrition Quality Variation and Correlation Analysis of Purple Fruit Type of Actinidia melanandra Mao Zhuxin,Cui Yanpu,Zhao Ning and Zhang Ying 2015, 31 (28):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060013 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 1429KB )   ( 462 ) The objective of the present research was to investigate the nutrition component variation of purple fruit type of Actinidia melanandra, which was collected from Qinling Mountain, with purple pulp and excellent taste. This study analyzed the soluble solid, soluble carbohydrate, titratable acid, Vc and anthocyanin content of kiwi fruit among different fruit color stages (green, light purple, purple and dark purple). The result showed that fruit color changed from green to dark purple with fruit maturity. The content of soluble solid, soluble carbohydrate and anthocyanin increased gradually, and the contents were significant different among different fruit color stages, and positive correlations were found among the contents. The level of titratable acid and Vc decreased gradually, and negative correlation was found between the levels. But the levels were both negatively correlated with the content of soluble solid, soluble carbohydrate and anthocyanin. In conclusion, with the maturing of the fruit, purple characteristics were more obvious, the content of soluble solid and soluble carbohydrate increased, while the level of titratable acid and Vc decreased.

  Growth and Development Law of Jujube Fruiting Sections and Jujube’s Fruit Bearing Shoot Chen Zongli,Liu Shipeng,Liu Changhai,Zhang Xiangqian,Qi Xiangying and Sheng Ziling 2015, 31 (28):  104-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040036 Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 1661KB )   ( 354 ) The research aims to study the growth and development law of jujube fruiting sections and jujube's fruit bearing shoot, and take corresponding technical measures to strengthen the management of jujube orchard in order to improve the yield of jujube. The authors used random sampling method to survey statistics thickness and length of jujube fruiting sections and germinated jujube’s fruit bearing shoot number, length, leaf number and fruiting number in the jujube fruiting sections of 24 jujube varieties (lines) cultivated in Yanchuan jujube producing areas, and combined with laboratory analysis, studied the growth and development law of jujube fruiting sections and jujube’s fruit bearing shoot. The results clarified that thickness, length and shape of jujube fruiting sections and length and leaf number and fruiting number of jujube’s fruit bearing shoot had certain relationship with jujube fruiting section age and revealed their law of growth and development. Intervarietal variation of jujube fruiting sections and jujube’s fruit bearing shoot growth was greater than that between ages of jujube fruiting sections. The authors proposed that the growth and development curve based on jujube fruiting sections could be used to divide the growth and development into 5 phases, and established for the first time the comprehensive index for selecting high yielding varieties of Chinese jujube on the basis of the correlation between some biological character and the effective fruiting. The study provided a scientific basis and practical measures of jujube fruiting sections management for high yield jujube orchard.

  Analysis of Genetic Variation in Autotetraploid and Diploid Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni 2015, 31 (28):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030034 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 1594KB )   ( 380 ) In order to research the changes of genomic sequence after Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni diploid chromosome doubling, ISSR molecular marker technique was used to analyze the genetic variation between 1 diploids and 5 autotetraploids of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. 5 primers with good polymorphic and steady bands were selected from 60 ISSR primers, and 34 bands were amplified totally. 19 of 34 bands were polymorphic, the polymorphic rate was 55.88%. The genetic diversity index were 0.0059-0.2778 in 6 Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni lines. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that CK and 5 tetraploids separated firstly, which explaining that Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni diploids and autotetraploids were separated well by cluster analysis. 1 and 2 lines, 4 and 5 lines clustered together firstly, which indicating that the genetic similarity coefficient of the two groups were high. There was significant genetic variation between autotetraploid and diploid of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, and different lines with the same ploidy also had genetic variation.

  Determination on the Contents of the Mineral Elements from Branches and Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Chen Huaiyu,Cai Yingqing,Jiang Luanluan,Zhang Miaoxia,Chen Hongbin and Dai Chongjie 2015, 31 (28):  117-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050017 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 1551KB )   ( 449 ) In order to provide the basic data for production and cultivation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus and its comprehensive development and utilization, the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni were measured by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in branches and leaves and flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. The results showed that 10 elements existed in all the organs of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. The order of the average content was: Ca>K>Na>Mg, Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni. The content of the element was different among 17 parts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. The average content of Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus belonged to the normal content level of the elements in plants. The contents of Mg and K in the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. var. rubro-plenus. were relatively lower than that in the general plants, but the content of the Cr was relatively higher than that in the general plants. In addition, some parts of the plant did not include Ni element.

  Changes of Several Osmotica in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Under Soil Water Stress Guo Chunfang,Luo Lingna,He Shuiping and Sun Yun 2015, 31 (28):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030206 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 1467KB )   ( 443 ) In order to understand the adaptability of different varieties of tea plants to drought environment, the contents of several osmotica in tea plants under soil water stress were studied. Two-year-old seedlings of tea plants (Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin and C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha) were cultivated in a pot experiment to investigate the changes of several osmotica under four water stress treatments: 75% (normal water supply), 55% (slight water stress), 35% (mild water stress) and 20% (severe water stress) of soil field capacity. The results showed that the relative water contents (RWC) and free proline contents of Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin were lower than that of Camellia sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha, while the soluble protein and soluble sugar content were higher than that of Camellia sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha under normal water supply conditions. Under water stress conditions, the RWC of Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin and C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha decreased, and the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline increased along with the higher of the stress degree. But under the severe water stress, soluble protein and proline contents of C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha decreased. In the same water stress conditions, the decreasing RWC amplitude of Camellia sinensis cv. Tieguanyin was less than that of C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha, and the increasing amplitude of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents were higher than that of C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha. Compared with C.sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha, C.sinensis cv. Tieguanyin had higher capacity to acclimate soil water stress.

  Status and Rational Utilization of Soil Fertility in Anxi Tea Garden Su Huogui 2015, 31 (28):  132-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040049 Abstract + ( 601 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 314 ) In order to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land of tea garden and guide the farmer to conduct the fertilization scientifically and reasonably, the author collected representative tea garden soil for laboratory testing, the results of the test were summarized and analyzed, fertility status of tea garden soil in Anxi County were evaluated according to the test results of 186 soil samples. The results showed that tea garden soil had a serious acidification tendency in Anxi; soil nutrient was imbalanced and potassium, magnesium and boron were serious deficient. Therefore, the popularization of soil testing formula fertilization technology should be strengthened to balance soil nutrient; the protection of cultivated land quality of tea garden should be highlighted, ecological tea garden should be developed and organic fertilizer should be applied to improve soil fertility.

  Effect of Selenium Fertilizer on Quality and Selenium Content of Three Staple Herb-medicines in Gansu Province Xi Xudong,Ji Lijun and Li Haidong 2015, 31 (28):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030165 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 1558KB )   ( 488 ) The study aims to investigate the effect of selenium fertilizer on main quality index and selenium content of three medicinal herbs: Angelica, Dangshen and Astragalus in Dingxi, Gansu Province. Single factor randomized block design was used, selenium fertilizer was applied as basal fertilizer, and five selenium fertilizer treatments (0 (control group), 75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm2) were set up. Main quality index and selenium content of the three medicinal herbs were measured under different treatments. The results showed that selenium fertilizer had significant influence on volatile oil and ferulaic acid of Angelica and astragaloside of Astragalus. The maximum astragaloside content was 0.138%, which was 42.3% higher than that of the control; the maximum ferulaic acid and volatile oil content of Angelica were 0.198% and 1.0%, and increased by 94.1% and 42.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Selenium content of the three kinds of traditional Chinese herbals was higher than that of the control under selenium fertilization. The maximum selenium content of Angelica, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus reached up to 1.26, 0.98 and 0.37 mg/kg, respectively. Comprehensively, selenium fertilizer could improve the quality and selenium content of the three studied medicinal herbs when fertilizer amount was 75-150 kg/hm2.

  An Examination of the Bioactivities of Seven Wood-rotting Fungi Han Xiao,Sun Xumei,Wang Luwen,Jiang Jurui and Meng Wei 2015, 31 (28):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040084 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1497KB )   ( 593 ) To investigate and utilize the resource of wood associated fungi and its bioactive compounds, the biological activities of seven wood-rotting fungi were screened. These wood-rotting fungi were grown on the rice solid medium. The ethyl acetate extracts were prepared and thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography-MTT assay, serial dilution method in 96 well plate and TLC-DPPH assay were adopted to evaluate the antibacterial activities and antioxidant activities, respectively. Results showed that, the ethyl acetate extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus specifically inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4.1 mg/mL, Rf value of 0.85. Meanwhile, the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli was inhibited only by the ethyl acetate extracts of Fomitopsis pinicola with MIC value of 1.03 mg/mL, Rf value of 0.65. Besides the antibacterial properties, three components of the extracts of F. pinicola also displayed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity. Weaker antioxidant potentials were observed in the single component of the extracts of Piptoporus betulinus, Fomes fomentarius, Trametes suaveolens. Other fungi had negative responses to the DPPH assay. The results will facilitate the utilization and development of the wood-rotting fungi resource.

  Control Effect and Benefit of Bio-Guide Wasp Missile on Ostrinia furnacalis in Nanchong City Peng Changjia,Bai Tikun,Ding Pan,Feng Libin,Yin Huaizhong,Long Weiguo,Yang Yuheng,Yang Jianhua,He Haiyan,Gou Jianhua and Luo Huaihai 2015, 31 (28):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030100 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 1543KB )   ( 454 ) In order to promote “green plant protection”, reduce the dosage and residue of pesticides and control cost of environment pollution, as well as ensure corn production, quality and agricultural ecological environment safety, research of control effect and benefit on Ostrinia furnacalis in Nanchong City was conducted using Bio-Guide Wasp Missile (BGWM). Compared with the blank control areas, control cost was 139.50-172.50 CNY in area which was put into 30-37 pairs of BGWM per hectare, and that was 142.50-168.00 CNY less than the cost in areas using chemical control. And the average control effect could reach 78.0%. Average corn yield per hectare reached 817.8 kg and was increased by 11.0%. Output value increased 1799.16 CNY, so farmers could earn extra 1941.66-1967.16 CNY per hectare. Cumulative demonstration areas in Nanchong City were up to 24507.33 hm2, total corn yield, output value and saved cost increased 20.0421 million kg, 44.0926 million CNY, 47.58-48.21 million CNY from 2003 to 2014, respectively. Control cost reduced 3.4923-4.1172 million CNY. Using BGWM decreased 5% dosage Thiosultapdisodium Macrogranule by 551.41 t, or 90% Monosultap by 12.87 t. Moreover, BGWM was simple to use, suitable for all ages, safe to human and environment, had low labor intensity, and could save spraying equipment and water. Therefore, BGWM is the ideal substitute for chemical pesticide for controlling Ostrinia furnacalis in organic agriculture, modern agriculture, the production of green and pollution-free agricultural products, and IBM prevention and control demonstration gardens.

  Control Effects of Several Fungicides Against Apple Alternaria Leaf Spot Hou Hui,Zhou Zengqiang and Wang Li 2015, 31 (28):  151-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040215 Abstract + ( 892 )   PDF ( 1539KB )   ( 443 ) Based on the field experiments of 2013-2014, the ‘Red Chief’ apple was used for studying the control efficiency of fourteen fungicides against apple alternaria leaf spot. The results showed that the effect of 10% difenoconazole WG, 430 g/L tebuconazole SC and 70% propineb WP against apple alternaria leaf spot were the best. In 2013 and 2014, the control effects of the three treatments were 81.65%, 81.24%, 79.97% and 82.36%, 86.14%, 83.42% respectively in spring-growth and were 76.22%, 77.83%, 73.84% and 81.80%, 82.18%, 75.58% respectively in autumn-growth. The control efficiency of 50% captan WP, 50% cyprodinil WP and 10% polyoxin WP against apple alternaria leaf spot were also satisfying. In 2013 and 2014, the control effects of the three treatments were 78.35%, 78.17%, 77.34% and 81.89%, 82.03%, 81.88% respectively in spring-growth and were 73.47%, 72.58%, 74.45% and 78.73%, 74.69%, 77.44% respectively in autumn-growth. But the effect of 80% mancozeb WP against apple alternaria leaf spot was poor and lower than other fungicides. By analysis of variance, significant difference was found between triazole fungicide 10% difenoconazole WG and protective fungicide 80% mancozeb WP in two years.

  Studies on Encountering Behavior and Mating Behavior of the Flea Beetle, Agasicles hygrophila in the Laboratory Conditions Fu Jianwei,Shi Mengzhu,Li Jianyu and Chen Xinsong 2015, 31 (28):  156-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050175 Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 1892KB )   ( 425 ) In order to understand the behavior response of the flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila, under different sex ratios, and to clarify the mechanism of adults encountering and mating behavior response, the observation and analysis of adults behavior under three sex ratio conditions, which were one female and one male, one female and one female, one male and one male, were carried out by laboratory observation in combination with automatic record and analysis through animal behavior observing analysis system (CASO-L Behavior Analysis) within a 9 cm arena. The results showed that the encountering behavior was composed of avoidance and fight between two female adults or two male adults, and avoidance was highly significant than fight. In the process of a couple of flea beetles encountering, the frequency of copulation was relatively small while the avoidance was the major behavior, and they might mate after several meetings. A. hygrophila had a distinct mating circadian rhythm. Newly emerged adults do not mate at the first to the second day, and began to mate at the third day. The probability of mating activity was low between 00:00 and 10:00, and the distinct mating peaks occurred at 13:00-15:00. Overall, A. hygrophila adult male and female individuals existing at the same time is appropriate to the preservation, and could reduce the fighting behavior between individuals. Indoor adult paired spawning could be selected within 3 days after the emergence, and 13:00-15:00 was the appropriate time frame.

  Current Research Status of Pesticide Residues in Cotton Fibers Xu Mingman,Sun Wuyong,Wei Dongwei and Guo Huiqing 2015, 31 (28):  162-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040042 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 576 ) Large-scale use of pesticides during the cotton planting and harvest has caused a great risk to the safety of textiles. This article stated the status quo and the hazards of pesticide residues in cotton fibers, and analyzed the pre-treatment techniques and the detection techniques. Besides, this article made the recommendations that we should accelerate the establishment of the detection methods and standards of pesticide residues in cotton fiber, in order to provide a theoretical basis to improve the quality and safety of cotton fiber.

  Influence of Different Interference on Physical Properties of Urban Green Space Soil Cong Xiaofeng,Liu Licheng,Wang Yuchao,Li Weimin,Yan Huiling and Chen Hao 2015, 31 (28):  166-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030159 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 1556KB )   ( 466 ) This paper studied the effects of compaction to soil physical property of new city green space. Taking the new park of Xi’an Botanical Garden to be the object of research, the authors divided the garden into districts according to differences soil compaction degree and surface vegetation. Soil samples were collected from different layers in different districts to determine the soil bulk density, pore status and moisture constant. The results showed that the occurrence rules of soil of various layers changed and soil degradation appeared with the increase of compaction degree. The soil bulk density was on the high side in the study districts and the average value was 1.52 g/cm3. The soil total porosity (44.71%), aeration porosity (12.81%), soil water content (15.46%), field capacity (20.77%) and soil saturated water conductivity (20.7 mm/h) were obviously low. Soil bulk density was significantly and negatively correlated with total porosity, air porosity and field capacity, natural moisture content, saturated hydraulic conductivity. Aeration porosity was significantly and positively correlated with saturated hydraulic conductivity, natural water content, and field capacity. Compaction effects on soil physical property of each layer were surface soil> shallow soil> deep soil. The compaction of people trample only affected the surface soil.

  Effect of Slope on Phosphorus Concentration in Yunnan Red Soil Runoffs Chu Suzhen and Zhang Naiming 2015, 31 (28):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060081 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 1603KB )   ( 581 ) There is an important relationship between the occurrence of water eutrophication and phosphorus leaching in farmland soil. The authors studied the effect of soil slope on phosphorus concentration by simulated rainfall experiments. The results showed that the total phosphorus concentration, water-soluble phosphorus concentration and particulate phosphorus concentration in surface runoff, and water-soluble phosphorus concentration in subsurface runoff increased with the increase of soil slope in the range of 0° to 10°. Total phosphorus and particle phosphorus concentration in subsurface runoff declined to a certain degree when the slope was 15°. The decline mechanism will be analyzed and researched further.

  Research Summary on Meteorological Influence Indicators of Oil Tea Camellia Jiang Yuanhua and Liao Yufang 2015, 31 (28):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040156 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 1652KB )   ( 502 ) Based on nearly one hundred oil tea Camellia research literatures and published books related to meteorological conditions, influence of the meteorological conditions on oil tea Camellia has been statistical classified. The results can be divided into 3 categories, namely climatic suitability index of oil tea Camellia planting, meteorological conditions’ impact indicators of oil tea Camellia production, weather disasters indicators of oil tea Camellia. The climatic suitability index and requirement of oil tea Camellia planting are as follows: (1) the annual average temperature is between 14 to 21℃, the optimum temperature is between 16 to 21℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -10℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40℃, the coldest month average temperature is above 0℃, the hottest month average temperature is below 31℃, the annual frost-free period is more than 200 days, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 4000 to 7000℃·d, the optimum ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is between 5000 to 7000℃·d; (2) annual precipitation is between 1000 to 2200 mm, the most suitable annual precipitation is between 1200 to 1800 mm, relative humidity is between 74% to 85%; (3) times of annual sunshine is between 1500 to 2200 h, the percentage of annual sunshine is more than 35%. Meteorological conditions’ impact indicators of oil tea camellia production are as follows: (1) suitable growing average temperature of spring shoots is between 10 to 20℃; (2) the suitable average temperature is between 24 to 33℃ of period of flower bud differentiation, the optimum average temperature is between 27 to 33℃, the average times of days of sunshine is more than 10 h, the suitable average temperature of flowering is between 10 to 20℃, the optimum average temperature is 14 to 18℃, rain date is less than 13 days and sunshine is more than 100 hours during full flowering stage; (3) suitable average temperature of fruit growth is between 25 to 30℃, rainfall is more than 200 mm, the most suitable precipitation is between 450 to 550 mm; (4) suitable average temperature of lipid accumulation stage is between 16 to 23℃, rainfall is more than 100mm, the optimum precipitation is between 150 to 200 mm, high temperature days is less than 20 days. The cold and frost damage, continuous rain, high temperature and drought, hail and strong wind are the main meteorological disasters of oil tea camellia.

  Basic Climate Characteristics and Variation Trends of Frost in Ningxia Sand Melon-Growing Regions Guo Xiaolei,Zhang Lei,Hou Xiaohui,Cheng Jing and Ding Jie 2015, 31 (28):  184-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040075 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 1554KB )   ( 303 ) The yields of selenium sand melon is the major income source of the farmers in the Huanxiang Mountain region. The frost has caused huge damages to the selenium sand melon in the region. In order to develop effective technologies to prevent such losses, this paper presents a detailed analysis based on a half century climate records of frost of the Huangxiang Mountain region. Combining with the frost climate index, we analyzed the lowest temperature data collected from five meteorological stations including Zhongwei, Zhongning, Haiyuan, Tongxin and Xingren in the selenium sand melon growing regions in nearly 50 years. The basic climate characteristics and variation trends of frost in the Ningxia sand melon growing regions were obtained. The results showed that the date of the last frost gradually occurred early over the years. The variation trend of frost with temperature ≤2℃ was most significant, and followed by that of the frost with temperature ≤0℃. The frost with temperature ≤-2℃ had the slowest variation. The occurrences of mild, moderate and severe spring frost were gradually decreasing over the years. The mild spring frost had the least occurrence rate. The occurrence frequencies of the moderate and severe spring frost were very close and they both slowly reduced. The variation trend of the frost occurrence in recent 50 years was not obvious in the selenium sand melon growing regions. Though the study shows that the occurrence of the moderate and severe frost is gradually decreasing since 2006, it is still important to prevent the frost damage.

  Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Shijiangzhuang in Recent 49 Years Wu Yunlong,Li Shan,Fan Fengcui,Wang Shubing,Zhang Li,Jia Jianming and Liu Shengyao 2015, 31 (28):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070005 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 502 ) Based on the meteorological data of 9 stations of Shijiazhuang in 1964-2012, using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, EOF and the formula of Penman-Monteith, the monthly and annual temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration of Shijiazhuang were studied. The results showed that: the trends of reference crop evapotranspiration were on the rise in both February and March, but the trends were not significant. The trends of reference crop evapotranspiration in the other months declined, the maximum rate of decline was in June, the minimum rate of decline was in April. In mutation test, May, June, August, October, November and the annual reference crop evapotranspiration change mutated and declined significantly, the times of mutation all appeared after 1983. The reference crop evapotranspiration decreased with the increase of latitude, the trend of spatial variation showed the consistency, and in the late of 1980s, the trend of reference crop evapotranspiration decreased faster in the southwest of the area of Shijiazhuang to Zhaoxian. The study can offer reference for water-saving agriculture development and countermeasures to the contradiction between supply and demand of groundwater.

  Land Surface Temperature Retrieval in Shandong Province Based on FY-3/VIRR Data and Its Application Li Feng,Cao Zhangchi,Zhao Hong,Zhao Yujin and Shang Lin 2015, 31 (28):  195-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050022 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 5565KB )   ( 320 ) The paper aims to test the accuracy of land surface temperature retrieval based on FY-3/VIRR data. The land surface temperature and vegetation coverage of Shandong in spring, summer, autumn and winter (April, July, October and January) were retrieved by means of the improved Becker and Li split window algorithm and pixel dichotomy, using FY-3/VIRR data. The authors analyzed the correlations between land surface temperatures (TLS) retrieved from FY-3/VIRR data and synchronized air temperature (Ta) and 0 cm soil temperature (TS) at 120 weather stations of Shandong Meteorological Bureau. The results showed that: the land surface temperature of Shandong Province retrieved from FY-3/VIRR data was consistent with the actual ground condition and could reflect the land surface temperature distribution intuitively. Meanwhile the TLS had a significantly negative correlation with vegetation coverage. But for inhomogeneous land surface, the correlation coefficients between TLS and Ta and TS were unstable, and the correlation coefficient of different seasons had a great difference. But there was a stable linear positive correlation between (TS-Ta) and (TS-TLS), and the determination coefficients R2 of different seasons were greater than 0.52.

  Response of Deep-seated Earth Temperature to Climate Change in Weifang from 1980 to 2014 Gao Xueqin and Yuan Jing 2015, 31 (28):  201-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040219 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 1646KB )   ( 419 ) Weifang 0.8-3.2 m earth temperature data from 1980 to 2014 was utilized, linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall and sliding t test statistical methods were used for analyzing the change features of deep-seated earth temperature in Weifang in recent 35 years in order to study the response of deep-seated earth temperature to the climate change in Weifang. The result showed that the change trend of 0.8-3.2 m deep-seated earth temperature was not obvious and had no mutation. All deep-seated earth temperatures showed an increase trend only in summer throughout the year. Average earth temperatures at all levels in 1980s and 2010s were higher than that in 1990s and 2000s in the aspect of interdecadal change. Deep-seated earth temperature increased with depth in winter and had better stability, which was contrary to that in summer. The best and worst stability occurred respectively in 0.8 m earth temperature layer in summer and winter. Temperature had prominent influence on deep-seated earth temperature. Quarterly average temperature and annual average temperature were positively correlated to all deep-seated earth temperatures over the same period. The correlation between temperature and all deep-seated earth temperatures was slightly decreased with depth increase because changes of deep-seated earth temperature were lagged. Precipitation had slight influence on all deep-seated earth temperatures.

  Analysis of Visibility Variations in Shanxi from 1981 to 2010 Yan Shiming,Sun Hongping,Wang Yan,Zhang Fengsheng and Li Ying 2015, 31 (28):  207-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100117 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 3157KB )   ( 337 ) Visibility data from 11 cities’ meteorological stations in Shanxi Province were examined. The trends of visibility from 1981 to 2010 were analyzed by using three different statistical methods: cumulative percentiles, Ridit analysis and frequency of very good visibility. The results showed that from north to south of Shanxi Province, the distribution character of visibility was from high to low. The visibility of the 11 cities declined notably over the past 30 years, and the largest range of visibility declining was in summer. The turning period of visibility change took place during 1981-2002, and both the visibility and very good visibility frequency of the 11 cities decreased rapidly at that time. This was consistent with the economic development. During 2006-2009, the visibility had a rising trend. During 1981-2010, we found that visibility had obviously monthly and seasonal variation characteristics. Three peaks appeared in February, June and September, respectively, the maximum appeared in June. Seasonal change was a unimodal distribution.

  Climatic Feathers of Heavy Fog in Shenshan Highway and Its Impact to Traffic and Preventing Strategy Hou Yahong,Hang Yunlong,Wang Qiwei,Zhao Fan and Zhang Rui 2015, 31 (28):  224-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120187 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 1615KB )   ( 365 ) Using heavy fog data from 8 meteorological observation stations (Shenyang, Liaozhong, Tai’an, Panjin, Jinzhou, Huludao, Xingcheng, Suizhong) in 1981-2012 along Shenshan highway, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of heavy fog along Shenshan highway. Results showed that the heavy fog times increased in the past 10 years with 16.4 days per year on average, 1.8 days more compared with that of 1980s. Data of Liaozhong, Tai’an, Panjin and Shenyang stations indicated that the heavy fog weather appeared mainly at fall and winter, while in Jinzhou, Huludao, Xingcheng and Suizhong, the fog weather happened mainly in summer and fall. There were two peak times for heavy fog occurrences: one in 03-06 am, the other in 21-24 pm. The fog dissipation time was mainly before 15 pm, with peak time at 9 am. 89% of heavy fog only lasted less than 10 hours, with most lasting for 2-4 hours. Southwestern section of the Shenshan highway along sea had more fog days, while inland section had few fog days, with distinctive regional differences. Based on the analysis of traffic accidents caused by heavy fog from 2008 to 2012, we discussed the impact of heavy fog on transportation, selected key hidden trouble spot, and proposed suggestions on the prevention of heavy fog.

  Background Analysis of Large Scale Circulation of Regional Rainstorm in the South Area of Huaihe River, Anhui Song Youzhi and Hu Shanshan 2015, 31 (28):  229-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050058 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 2635KB )   ( 387 ) The paper aims to master the background of general atmospheric circulation and features of physical quantity allocation of regional rainstorm in flood season in the south areas of Huai River, Anhui Province, and provide favorable reference for regional rainstorm forecast. The author analyzed 171 typical cases of regional rainstorm from May to September in the south areas of Huai River, Anhui Province in 1960-2013 based on composite analysis, EOF decomposition, significant difference tests and correlation analysis, and mainly analyzed spatial and temporal distribution, large-scale circulation type and distribution characteristics of physical quantity field. The results showed that: large scale circulation features of regional rainstorm in the south areas of Huai River, Anhui Province marked by a two ridges-one trough in the high latitude to the south of the Huai River regional rainstorm large-scale circulation feature mainly for the black mountain near the highly significant positive abnormal strengthening, prompting the cold air from the north along the ridge of the northerly flow south, mid high latitude showed two ridge one trough. Heavy rain was caused by the convergence of three flows in the vertical direction: the southerly jet in the boundary layer, southwest jet in the low level and westerly jet. The rainstorm area was often located in north to the south Asian high, to south of upper westerly jet, and the left front of the low-level jet, the left side of the boundary layer jet, and south to the warm shear in the 850 hPa level, positive and negative moist potential vorticity were overlapped in the vertical direction. Unstable stratification condition was thus favorable for heavy precipitation.

  Comparative Analysis of Two Rainstorm Processes in the Similar Circulation Background Quan Meilan,Lv Zhihong,Zhu Xinyu,Li Junyue,Sui Ming,Cai Bing,Liu Shuai and Shen Bin 2015, 31 (28):  237-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030118 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 2319KB )   ( 341 ) The paper aims to improve the short-term forecasting capability of rainstorm in Fushun. The author used automatic stations’ observation data, radiosonde data and NCEP reanalysis data, analyzed the rainstorm process on July 9, 2013 and August 16, 2013 in Fushun. The results showed that the two events occurred in the zonal westerly airflow circulation pattern, the cold air of Lake Baikal at 500 hPa which moved to the southeast was the main cause of rainstorm in Fushun Region. But the difference was the cold air delivery form, "07.9" rainstorm was caused by the southeastward ridge from Lake Baikal, "8.16" torrential rain process was mainly caused by horizontal trough from Lake Baikal. There was a very strong upper-level jet stream at 200 hPa in the two rainstorm processes, but their upper-level jet stream diversion district positions were different. The jet stream diversion of "8.16" torrential rain process began from the western boundary in Liaoning, thus contributing to the occurrence of torrential rain. Low-level jet, diversion district position of upper-level jet stream and ground system were the direct causes of the rainstorm intensity difference.

  Study on Spatial-temporal Variation of Public Perception of Climate Change in Southern Shaanxi Wang Changyan and Yu Yaochuang 2015, 31 (28):  244-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030174 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 1517KB )   ( 530 ) The paper aims to provide the basis for building climate change adaptation and management mode in the sensitive area of environmental changes. By comparing the questionnaire survey results with the measured climate data, based on public perception on temperature (precipitation) changes as a breakthrough point, the paper revealed spatial-temporal variations of general public perception of climate change from the man-land relationship in southern Shaanxi. Results showed that: (1) local residents’ perceptions of local temperature (precipitation) were basically consistent with scientific measurements, but was different among each time period, the average perception intensities of precipitation change were weaker than that of temperature change; (2) local residents’ perception intensities of temperature change became smaller in fluctuation with age decreasing, for perception of precipitation change, residents in Hanzhong Area showed an increasing trend in fluctuation with age decreasing, while the situation was the opposite in Ankang and Shangluo Area; (3) the deviations existed between the resident’s perception and scientific measurements, in contrast to scientific measurements, the consistent ratings of the residents’ perception of temperature changes in Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo Areas were 22.2%, 55.6% and 33.3%, respectively; The consistent ratings of the residents’ perception of precipitation change were 100%, 44.4%, and 66.7%, respectively.

  Analysis of Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Capacity in Different Fruit Parts of Different Wine Grape Varieties Tan Wei,Tang Xiaoping,Dong Zhigang and Li Xiaomei 2015, 31 (28):  252-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030247 Abstract + ( 1530 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 463 ) In order to select grape germplasm resources with high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, four red and four white wine grape fruits were taken as materials, total polyphenol, tannin, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and flavanol in pericarp, flesh and seed were measure by using colorimetric method, and the total reducing power, DPPH and ABTS · free radical removing ability were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the phenolic contents of fruit peel, pulp, and seeds of different grape varieties had obvious differences, but the flesh of all varieties had the lowest phenolic content. The total polyphenolic, tannin, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and flavanol in pericarp and seed of red wine grape varieties were higher than those of white ones (except ‘Muscat blanc a Petit grain 455’). In red grape varieties, ‘Pinot Noir 667’ had the highest total phenolics, tannin and total flavonoids content in skins and seeds, while the proanthocyanidin and flavanol content in pericarp of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ was the highest, the proanthocyanidin content in seed of ‘French blue’ was the highest. In white grape varieties, ‘Petit Manseng’ had the lowest content of total phenolics in skin, while the highest in seed was ‘Muscat blanc a Petit grain 455’. There was significantly positive correlation between antioxidant capacity and the total phenolics, tannin, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, flavanol of pericarp and seed in eight grape varieties, the correlation coefficient was 0.8383-0.9983, while the correlation in flesh was weak. When the three selected methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of grape fruits, the results exhibited cooperativity and difference.

  Effect of Compound Coating Antistaling Agent of Polysaccharide Treatment on the Storage Quality of Different Chinese Bayberry Cultivars Under Low Temperature Li Feifei,Li Xianxin,Tan Zhenhua,Zhou Changfu and Yang Shuizhi 2015, 31 (28):  259-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050036 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 1586KB )   ( 476 ) The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of compound polysaccharide coating on the preservation of different Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) cultivars under low temperature and medium humidity, and to provide a theoretical basis for long distance transportation and commercial storage of Chinese bayberry. The compound polysaccharide coating was composed by konjac gum, sodium alginate and chitosan, in which glycerin performed as film-forming additives. With treatment by compound coating and storage at low temperature and medium humidity conditions (1-2℃ and 80%-85% relative humidity) for ‘Wumei’ and ‘Dongkui’, the effect of compound coating on the storage quality of Chinese bayberry, including good fruit rate, mildew rate, rotten rate, cracking rate, weight loss, organic acid, soluble solids, firmness, anthocyanin and MDA, was studied. The results showed that the compound polysaccharide coating significantly increased the good fruit rate in storage, retarded the loss of the organic acid and soluble solid, and suppressed fruit softening and MDA increase of the Chinese bayberry fruit. In addition, the effects of compound coating on fruit weight loss, mildew rate and anthocyanin of ‘Wumei’ and ‘Dongkui’ were different. The compound polysaccharide coating exhibited excellent preservation effect on ‘Wumei’ and ‘Dongkui’ fruits under low temperature and medium humidity conditions. However, the preservation effects among cultivars were different, and the differences should be used as references in production and application.

  Content Determination of 12 Microelements in Bee Pollens by ICP-MS Wang Gangjun,Sun Caixia,Zhang Yongzhi,Zhang Qi,Zhao Shouping and Ye Xuezhu 2015, 31 (28):  266-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040022 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 1306KB )   ( 345 ) To discuss the determination of microelement contents in pollens by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and understand the nutritional value of pollens, contents of 7 kinds of microelements including Ca, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Se, and 5 kinds of harmful elements including Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As were determined from 4 kinds of bee pollens in the markets of Zhejiang. Principal component analysis on contents of the 7 kinds of microelements was conducted using SPSS 18.0 software. The results showed that there were great differences among contents of Ca, Mn, Fe in bee pollens, and the 3 kinds of microelements were suggested to be the mark elements. Content of Pb was a little higher or lower than the limit set in national standard. Contents of Cd, Cr, Hg and As were very low, and their limits needed to be set in national standard.

  Research Advances in the Mechanism of Cigarette Harm-reducing Mediated by Filling Materials of Medicinal Plants Liu Huihui,Zhao Changling,Ding Can and Lu Hong 2015, 31 (28):  270-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030253 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 705 ) So far, lots of tests in the cigarette-manufacturing in China has proven that, different applying patterns of the filling materials of medicinal plants in cigarettes and different applying sites of the filling materials in cigarettes and their related products can cause the harm-reducing targets and the corresponding physicochemical and pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants to be different, and the main mechanisms mainly involve three aspects. First, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds that Chinese medicinal herbs and tobacco are homologous in terms of pharmaceutical activity. The application of medicinal plants in cigarettes agrees with the smoking therapy of TCM and reflects the compatibility theory of TCM. Medicinal plants recorded in classical TCM books contain the specific medicinal plant groups to prevent, relieve or treat the smoking-induced diseases. Second, the filling materials of medicinal plants can decrease the contents of the tar, nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, free radicals, volatile phenols, crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and some heavy metal elements which are produced or released by the burning cigarettes and are severelly harmful to the smokers. In addition, the specific melting points, boiling points or gasification points of the medicinal plant ingredients applied in cigarettes and the temperature conditions of the burning cigarettes jointly determine the smoke-oriented shifting feature of the ingredients, which can relieve or treat the smoking-induced respiratory tract diseases, injuries of blood vessels and cancerization, and holds the general functions to eliminate inflammation and enhance the immunity of the smokers. This paper could provide a reference for the practice of the cigarette harm-reducing mediated by medicinal plants and the research and development of the cigarettes with Chinese characteristics.

  Status Quo and Prospects of Research and Industrial Development on Greater Wax Worm at Home and Abroad 刘奇志 2015, 31 (28):  280-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030018 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 1573KB )   ( 431 ) With the increasing economic value of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) and the deepening researches on its application, the author summarized the status quo of research and industrial development on greater wax moth at home and abroad from the number of published papers in different regions and the focus of researches at different time stages. Then, the number and size of production enterprises at home and abroad, sales model, sales price of greater wax moth were analyzed. At present, the greater wax moth industry is in the stage of gradual development. There are a small number of related enterprises which are in small scale. The sales models are both online and offline, and foreign price of greater wax moth is higher than domestic price. All of these results show that the greater wax moth industry has great development potential.

  Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Information Demand Under the Integration of Urban and Rural Areas: An Empirical Study Based on Xigemu Town in Heilongjiang Province Zhang Yongqiang,Zhang Zehao,Wang Gangyi and Shan Yu 2015, 31 (28):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040183 Abstract + ( 703 )   In order to continually increase the impact of agricultural economy on the overall national economy, promote process of urban-rural integration and draw more attention to the influencing factors of agricultural information demand and information access, demand for agricultural information service was analyzed with Logistic bivariate regression model and linear regression model through a questionnaire survey on farmers in Ping’an Village, Xigemu Town, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that gender, age, education, multiple job-holding degree, planting area, family income, risk preference and labor force had significant impacts on farmers’ demand for agricultural information. Based on this result, the author put forward suggestions including encouraging male labor come home, strengthening basic education and the information service work in rural areas and implementing land circulation system.