Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.25 Published:23 September 2015

  A Research into Developing and Constructing a System of Forest Health Tourism Products 陈文武,田晔林,蒋玮,秦岭,刘松 and 胡俊 2015, 31 (25):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030120 Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 567KB )   ( 772 ) Based on the consulting of literature and the practice of tourism planning for years, health preserving in forest was found with obvious advantages. Analysis of health tourism market was also conducted and three features of ecological health tourism were revealed, which were universality, higher rate of re- traveling and greater integrated consumption. In addition, the connotation of China’ s traditional health culture was developed, and thus combined with sustainable development, market orientation, experiencing and individuation. A new system of forest health tourism products was then constructed and divided into 3 categories: the first category was productive tourism products such as breeding bases and planting bases in forests; the second was about living tourism products, including health restaurants and tree houses; and the third was recreational tourism products, like oxygen square, camp sites, etc. This research aims to provide a reference for the current development of forest tourism and economy, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the systematic planning of forest health tourism project.

  Study on Cold Resistance of 13 Kinds of Ornamental Bamboos Grown in Changsha, Hunan Province 黄滔,黄程前,刘玮,唐红,蒋利媛 and 黄文韬 2015, 31 (25):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030148 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 800KB )   ( 507 ) In order to study the cold resistance of ornamental bamboo species which have been introduced in Hunan, we choose 13 kinds of ornamental bamboo as the experimental materials and measured chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, relative electric conductivity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity and proline content under natural winter to study their cold resistance. The results indicated that with the decrease of air temperature in winter, the chlorophyll content among the 13 species and among different months had significant differences. Except Pleiloblastus kongosanensis f. aureostriaus, SOD and CAT activities and free proline content in leaves of the rest 12 bamboo species increased, while MDA content and the relative electric conductivity increased slightly. The 6 physiological parameters in the 13 dwarf ornamental bamboo species had significant correlation (P＜0.01). Through factor analysis, cold resistance of the 13 bamboo species was in the order from strong to weak as Indocalamus decorus (92.64), I. hunanensis (89.08), Sasaella glabra f. albo- striata(86.66), I. longiauritus (86.56), P. gramineus (85.87), Hibanobambusa tranguillans f. shiroshima (85.04), Sasa phymaea(85.03), Pseudoasa japonica var. tsutsumiana(83.88), I. latifolius(82.73), S. auricoma (82.53), S. fortunei(81.60), Shibataea chinensis (80.18), and P. kongosanensis f. aureo-striatus(62.67), and the result was consistent with the morphological observations. Continuous low temperature had strong influence on the growth of P. kongosanensis f. aureostriatus. The results showed that all bamboo species except P. kongosanensis f. aureostriatus could be planted in Hunan Province.

  Daily Variation of Negative Air Ions Concentration in the Coniferous Forest in Mohe County 2015, 31 (25):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050146 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 736KB )   ( 522 ) Relationships between the negative air ions concentrations in the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelini and environmental factors, such as different seasons, locations, humidity or temperature, etc, in each day were analyzed, in order to investigate the daily variation of negative air ions concentrations in Mohe County. The samplings were measured in the sampling areas of 100 m2 in summer and autumn in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The results showed that the daily negative air ions concentration in coniferous forest was 1155 ions/cm3 at 12:00 AM which was the highest, and was 254 ions/cm3 at 2:00 AM which was the lowest. The coniferous forest negative air ions concentration in summer was higher than that in autumn. The average level of the negative air ions concentration in Larix gmelini was higher than that in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. The density of negative air ions concentration in the forest edge was slightly higher than that in the forest center. The correlation analysis showed that negative air ions concentration in coniferous forest was positively correlated with air temperature, but was negatively correlated with air humidity. Therefore, the negative air ions concentration can not only be an evaluated index of air cleaning level, but also an important parameter to measure the quality of the environment.

  Meteorological Prediction of Formation and Development of Larch Caducous Disease in the North-East of Inner Mongolia 2015, 31 (25):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060069 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 575KB )   ( 364 ) Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis lto et al increasingly occurs across global forest in recent years with the climate change. To effectively prevent large outbreak of the disease, two models were constructed by the authors to monitor and forecast the occurrence of the disease via meteorology data analysis. The results showed that Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis lto et al could easily survive in the climate condition of low temperature with high humidity, but was venerable to high temperature with low humidity. Results from the two models of stepwise regression and neural network showed that the average error of stepwise regression model and neural network model was estimated to 18.8% and 8.6% , respectively. In addition, average errors generated from stepwise regression model that tested by meteorology data of 2012 and 2013 were estimated to 7.2% and 11.4% while average errors generated from neural network model were estimated to 5.3% and 2.4% , respectively. Errors obtained from neural network model were 1.9% and 9.0% lowered than that from stepwise model, respectively. The results suggested that the neural network model exhibited better performance in monitoring the disease compared with the stepwise regression model, and could be employed in scientific forecasting of Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis lto et al in forest of northeast China.

  Cluster and Comparative Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Flue-cured Tobacco Middle Leaves in Hunan Liu Zhixuan,Zhou Qingming,Li Juan,Chen Jialiang and Liu Hui 2015, 31 (25):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020010 Abstract + ( 1733 )   PDF ( 474KB )   ( 580 ) In order to study chemical constituents, a cluster and comparative analysis was conducted on 73 flue-cured tobacco middle leave samples from 42 counties in Hunan tobacco-growing areas. The results showed that the total sugar, reducing sugar and sugar-nicotine ratio of Hunan flue-cured tobacco were high, chlorine had a large coefficient of variation and a low content. The difference of chemical constituents was highly significant in different areas, the chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco samples in Jiahe and Zhijiang were in line with high-quality tobacco production requirements. Hunan tobacco-growing areas fell into 3 categories according to clustering results. Multiple comparisons showed that all chemical indicators, except total nitrogen and chlorine, were significantly different. Differences among categories can supply different materials for cigarette companies.

  Effect of the Legumes Soil Leaching Liquor on Soil Enzyme Activity and Conductivity of Continuous Cropping Potato Soil 秦舒浩 and 张俊莲 2015, 31 (25):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060032 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 576KB )   ( 401 ) In order to study the effects of legumes soil leaching liquor on soil enzyme activity and conductivity in continuous cropping potato field, the potato cultivar‘Xindaping’was used as test material, the effects of soil leaching liquor of three years potato continuous cropping field and four years leguminous plants soil under five planting patterns on soil enzyme activity and conductivity in continuous cropping potato field were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, soil conductivity of half-film trench sowing 1:1 treatment decreased 16.70%, soil conductivity of other treatments all showed an increasing trend. The activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and urease significantly increased in all treatments, the 1:1 treatment significantly increased those enzyme activities of flat- trench filming and half- film trench sowing, the 1:1 treatment also significantly affected the activities of catalase and urease of whole-film bed planting and whole-film trench sowing; 1:2 treatment could significantly improve the activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and urease of half-film bed planting, and it significantly affected alkaline phosphatase activity of whole-film bed planting and wholefilm trench sowing.

  Application Effect of“Agricultural Residues Degradation and Increase Production Agent”on Garlic 闫凌云,王应君 and 李庆伟 2015, 31 (25):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040105 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 481 ) In order to understand the effect of“agricultural residues degradation and increase production agent”on garlic, five treatments were designed with water as control. The results showed that the yield of garlic head obviously increased after the application of this agent with the increase rate of 6.4%-15.4%, treatment 3 had the highest yield of 1870 g/m2, which was 250 g/m2 higher than that of CK. The yield of garlic sprouts also showed the same rule, the increase was 34- 57 g/m2, and the income increased 0.07- 0.12 yuan/m2. The economic benefit increase was obvious, compared with that of CK, the income increase of treatments applied “agricultural residues degradation and increase production agent”was 1.73, 2.25, 0.84, 1.97 and 0.95 yuan/m2, respectively. The highest income was treatment 3 of 14.50 yuan/m2. Special grade rate and first- grade rate increased after the application of this agent, yellow leaf number decreased, while green leaf number increased, the ability to resist disease in the late period was enhanced. Treatment 3 was the optimal in this experiment, under conventional fertilization, 0.75 mL/m2“agricultural residues degradation and increase production agent” mixed with 90 g/m2 water for soil treatment and 0.3 mL/m2“agricultural residues degradation and increase production agent”mixed with 90 g/m2 water after the green period and bolting was the most economical and effective way.

  Main Fertilizer Application Dose Research Based on Reduction of Carbon Footprint——A Case Study of Cooperatives of Vegetable Production in Liuyang 2015, 31 (25):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030075 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 1087KB )   ( 445 ) Fertilizer is one of the main factors that affect crop yield and agricultural carbon emission. This research explored the reasonable dosage of main fertilizers based on reducing the per unit yield of carbon footprint. The author statistically analyzed data of point-survey from four cooperatives of Liuyang through 3 years on 8 kinds of vegetables, which were bitter gourd, cucumber, beans, lettuce, amaranth, eggplant, etc. The specific results were as follows: the optimal amount of N fertilizer, P2O5 fertilizer, K2O fertilizer and manure on seasonal vegetable production was 0, 327.2, 0 and 48936 kg/hm2, respectively. At this fertilization level, the per unit yield of carbon footprint reduced by 85.85% meanwhile the yield of vegetables increased by 24.11%. Therefore, the key for developing high efficient and low carbon vegetable planting industry in Liuyang should be reducing the use of N fertilizer and K2O fertilizer, controlling the use of P2O5 fertilizer and increasing the application of manure.

  Research on the Original Plants of‘Shepherd’ s Purse’ and Its Related Plants 2015, 31 (25):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030230 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 961KB )   ( 455 ) There were several records of the‘shepherd’s purse’in the Chinese ancient documents, such as in the‘Book of Odes’and‘Records of the Rites of the Chou (Dynasty)’. In order to determine the original plants of the names, the taxonomic method was applied in the study. According to the ancient documents, the description and record of the morphological characteristics were illuminated. With the comparative morphology, it concluded that the present‘shepherd’s purse’was the same name of the ancient‘shepherd’s purse’. The scientific name was‘shepherd’s purse’belonged to Cruciferae of modern taxa, and the Latin name was Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. At the same time, the original plants of five other plants related to the‘Shepherd’s purse’in the Chinese ancient documents were made clear. The research on the original plants of the‘Shepherd’s Purse’and the related plants in the Chinese ancient documents disclosed that the unity of the medical value and the dietary property of the‘Shepherd’s Purse’resulted from the cognition and utilization of the medical and edible values of the plants. The process of deeply learning‘Shepherd’s Purse’was the process of learning and utilizing botany knowledge.

  Effect of Different Film Mulching Methods on Microclimate and Growth and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse in Autumn 2015, 31 (25):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020111 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 949KB )   ( 546 ) In order to discuss the effect of film mulching on greenhouse environment and cucumber growth, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of different film mulching methods (only ridges mulched method, ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk method and ridges and gullies fully mulched method) on air temperature, air moisture, soil temperature and CO2 concentration and cucumber growth, quality in plastic covered tunnel greenhouse in autumn with the experiment material of European short cucumber. The results showed that the method of ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk decreased soil temperature about 1℃ on high temperature day in September, and increased air moisture a little, which could induce cucumber downy mildew. The greenhouse of ridges and gullies fully mulched method had higher air temperature and soil temperature. Air moisture of the cultivation method decreased by 4.9% and CO2 concentration increased about 34% comparing with that of the control, which were beneficial to cucumber growth and the decrease of downy mildew. These favorable factors increased the yield of cucumber and the contents of vitamin C, soluble protein and free amino acids of cucumber fruit. Therefore, using the method of ridges mulched and gullies paved rice husk could decrease the soil temperature in hot season, which was beneficial to seedling recovering. In late autumn season, using the method of ridges and gullies fully mulched was the simple and effective cultivation measure to increase yield and income.

  Effects of Nitric Oxide on Wounding Induction of Pea Seedling Leaves Antioxidant System 2015, 31 (25):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030188 Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 742KB )   ( 483 ) In order to definite in the wounding pea seedling leaves the produced way of NO, and NO on the antioxidant system induced by injury. In this experiment pea seedlings were used to study its endogenous NO contention under wounding stress, the activity changed of NR and NOS activity, as well as the activity influenced to antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT and APX and the contention changed of H2O2 and O2-· in the leaves of pea seedlings after 24 hours by spraying processed with SNP (donor of NO), PTIO (scavenger of NO), L- NAME (inhibitors of NOS) and NaN3 (inhibitors of NR) respectively. Results showed that NO contention in the pea seedling leaves presented a bimodal curve between 0 hour and 60 hours after the wounding treatment. The main source of NO was NOS enzymatic way when the earlier period of wounding processes (the first peak value). But the main source of NO was NR enzymatic way when the later period of wounding processes (the second peak value); during the first 24 hours, pea seedling leaf NO contention reached a highest, and the contention of H2O2 and O2-· closed to the control level, while the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and APX was higher than control significantly. When treated with SNP, it had a similar result. After the treatment with PTIO, the contention of H2O2 and O2-· increased, and the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and APX decreased. Conclusion of the research results showed that NO might reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation induced by wounding degree through enhancing the activity of protective enzyme.

  Mycelium Culture Medium Screen of Auricularia polytricha with Microbial Fermentation Bed Pig Litter as Substitute Material 2015, 31 (25):  66-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030015 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 467 ) In order to explore the recycle technology of microbial fermentation bed pig litter as the cultivation material of Auricularia polytricha, the author took Auricularia polytricha 781 as the strain in the experiment and used the method of tube culture, to discuss the influences of microbial fermentation bed pig litter on mycelia growth in replacement of wheat bran and sawdust in different proportions. The results showed that when the microbial fermentation bed pig litter replaced 50% sawdust as the culture medium, the mycelia growth rate was the fastest and the continuous growth power in the later stage of cultivation was also the strongest. The experiment certified that the microbial fermentation bed pig litter which was rich in fiber was suitable as a substitution for sawdust in the mycelia cultivation of Auricularia polytricha, and the maximum substitute rate was 50%, which could effectively promote the mycelia growth rate and the continuous growth vigor. While, when microbial fermentation bed pig litter was used to replace part of wheat bran, the later growth rate of mycelia could be weakened obviously.

  Study on Identification and Mycelial Culture Condition of a Wild Agrocybe aegerita Strain 2015, 31 (25):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030091 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 445 ) In order to development the utilization of Agrocybe aegerita and enrich the germplasm resources of Agrocybe aegerita in China, a wild Agrocybe strain NC1 isolated from Guizhou was used as materials. Strain identification by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular biological techniques and culture condition of mother mycelial were studied. The biological characteristics of mycelial growth on different carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, temperature, pH value were studied. The results showed that the wild strain was identified as Agrocybe aegerita NC1. The most suitable carbon source was the corn starch, followed by glucose or fructose. And the optimal nitrogen source was yeast powder, followed by peptone. The optimum C/N ratio was 30/1-40/1, the optimum temperature was 29℃, and the optimal pH was 5.0-6.0. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the domesticated cultivation and development and utilization of wild Agrocybe aegerita strain NC1.

  Effects of Different Concentrations of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Production of Grifola frondosa Extracellular Polysaccharides 2015, 31 (25):  75-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030170 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 656 ) In the present study, Grifola frondosa strain BUAGF-02 was used for evaluation of glucose and peptone concentrations on extracellular polysaccharides production. Soluble starch, glucose, yeast extract, peptone, etc were used as basic fermentation medium. 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/L of glucose and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 g/L of peptone were used in glucose and peptone assay respectively. The media were shaken and cultured at 25℃ and 170 r/min for 10 d followed by a centrifugation. Mycelia and supernatant were collected. Polysaccharides were collected using the ethanol precipitation method. Both mycelia and polysaccharides were dried and weighted. The results showed that yield of polysaccharides reached the highest level of 0.3 g/100 mL at glucose concentration of 20 g/L, while the highest mycelial weight of 1.82 g/100 mL was achieved at glucose concentration of 25 g/L. The yield of polysaccharides reached the highest level of 0.2 g/100 mL at peptone concentration of 3 g/L, while the highest mycelial weight of 1.26 g/100 mL was obtained at peptone concentration of 2.5 g/L. The study is of certain values to further fermentation researches and applications of G. frondosa polysaccharides.

  Research on Suitable Drip Irrigation Frequency Under Deficit Irrigation at Watermelon Vegetative Period 2015, 31 (25):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030089 Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 694KB )   ( 426 ) In order to obtain an optimal irrigation frequency for watermelon at vegetative period under mulched drip irrigation and deficit irrigation condition in plastic greenhouse, and provide theoretical guidance for the reasonable irrigation of watermelon in arid and semi- arid area in northwest of China, the author adopted‘Nongkeda NO.11’as test material and 0.4 times of pan evaporation (0.4 Ep) as deficit irrigation amount, 3 irrigation frequency treatments were designed, which were T1 (high frequency) of once every 2 days, T2 (intermediate frequency) of once every 4 days and T3 (low frequency) of once every 6 days, respectively. Effects of different frequency treatments under mulched drip irrigation on root zone soil water content, plant growth and related physiological indexes of watermelon were studied. The results showed that the root zone soil moisture of 0-20 cm soil layer under T2 treatment condition was the optimum condition for vegetative period growth, and the level of chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of T2 were superior to that of other treatments, assimilation capacity of photosynthetic was strong, meanwhile, the watermelon leaves of T2 could maintain an appropriate level of leaf cell sap concentration and intracellular water metabolism. As a whole, under T2 intermediate frequency irrigation treatment, the watermelon plant grew well and the plant was robust at watermelon vegetative period, which had more advantages against adversity stress in early spring. Comprehensively considering soil moisture distribution, physiological and growth index, T2 irrigation frequency of once every 4 days under deficit irrigation condition was the optimum irrigation frequency for watermelon growth at vegetative period in plastic greenhouse at early spring in northwest of China. This research could provide reference for the improvement of deficit irrigation water use efficiency at watermelon vegetative period.

  Study on Botany Characteristics and Biology Characteristics of Five Special Pollination Apple Varieties 2015, 31 (25):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030201 Abstract + ( 872 )   The study aims to realize single apple variety breeding of apple orchard early, improve apple production efficiency and breeding a good pollination variety, thus to provide suitable and efficient pollination tree for China’s apple planting. 5 apple special pollination trees including Malus‘Dolgo’, M.‘Red splender’, M.‘Radiant’, M.‘Manchurica’and M.‘Snowdrift’which were 10 years old were used as the test materials, and the botanical, biological and pollen characteristics, as well as fruit characters and qualities were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the flowering of the tested crabapple (Malus sp.) varieties met with that of the major cultivars like‘Gala’,‘Golden marshal’and‘Fuji’apple and so on. Pollen grain quantity per anther of these special pollination cultivars were all large, and the pollen grain quantity per anther of M.‘Dolgo’, M.‘Manchurica’, M.‘Red splender’, M.‘Snowdrift’and M.‘Radiant’were 13384, 13162, 7426, 6074 and 6003 grain/anther, respectively. Fruit weight was different among the tested varieties, the fruit weight of M.‘Dolgo’was the largest which was 12.98 g, followed by that of M.‘Snowdrift’and M.‘Radiant’which were 10.66 g and 2.59 g respectively, and the fruit weight of M.‘Red splender’and M.‘Manchurica’were smaller which were both 2.00 g. The trend of fruit shape index was in consistent with that of the fruit weight. The number of seeds of M.‘Red splender’and M.‘Snowdrift’were 7 per fruit, and that of M.‘Manchurica’ was 6 per fruit, while M.‘Dolgo’and M.‘Radiant’both had 4 seeds per fruit. M.‘Dolgo’had the highest soluble sugar content which was 18.49%, followed by M.‘Manchurica’(16.33%), M.‘Snowdrift’(16.11%) and M.‘Radiant’(15.98%), and M.‘Red splender’had the lowest soluble sugar content which was 14.20%. M.‘Red splender’had the highest titratable acid content which was 1.16%, followed by M.‘Radiant’(0.99%) and M.‘Manchurica’(0.90%), titratable acid content was the lowest in M.‘Dolgo’which was 0.80%. In conclusion, the 5 tested varieties are suitable to be China’s apple special pollinizers.

  Study on Photosynthetic Ability of Different Shoot Types of White Crabapple 2015, 31 (25):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030186 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 1742KB )   ( 728 ) The study aims to explore and compare the photosynthetic ability of different shoot types of white crabapple. The ability of photosynthesis of shoot type of white crabapple was studied by measurement and mathematical simulation. The maximal photosynthetic rate of long shoot, middle shoot and short shoot was 16.3, 14.5 and 9.68 μmol/(m2 ·s), respectively; and the quanta efficiency of photosynthesis of the three shoot types was 0.053, 0.047 and 0.042 μmol/μmol, respectively. The results showed that the photosynthesis ability of long shoot was higher than that of middle and short shoot. The total photosynthesis per unit grand area was 18.82, 5.19 and 1.73 μmol/(m2·s) of long shoot, middle shoot and short shoot, respectively, with PAR equal to 1500 μmol/(m2·s) on the top canopy. The results indicated that long shoot was conducive to improve fruit tree photosynthesis (about 73.15%) with high photosynthetic rate and leaf area.

  Physiological Indicators of Cold Resistance of High Acid Begonia Planting Stock 孙雅丽,张东亚,虎海防 and 赵蕾 2015, 31 (25):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030102 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 532 ) The aim was to judge appropriate plant area of high acid Begonia. The cold resistance of high acid Begonia new varieties‘bingxin-1’,‘hongxun-1’and that of the existing variety‘xinping-1’were compared. The branches were used as test materials with low-temperature processing. According to electrical leakage, the change of proline and MDA content, the cold resistance of various samples was studied. The results showed that the relative conductivity of the three varieties was‘xinping-1’＞‘hongxun-1’＞‘bingxin-1’. Proline content from high to low was as follows:‘bingxin-1’＞‘hongxun-1’＞‘xinping-1’. MDA content from high to low was as follows:‘hongxun-1’＞‘xinping-1’＞‘bingxin-1’. In conclusion,‘bingxin-1’had the highest cold resistance, the cold resistance of the three varieties was as follows:‘bingxin- 1’＞‘hongxun- 1’>‘xinping-1’.‘bingxin-1’and‘hongxun-1’had higher cold resistance ability, and were suitable for planting on north of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and other cold regions.

  Changes in IAA and ABA Levels and PpPINs Genes Expression During the Bud Dormancy Induction in Peach 2015, 31 (25):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030080 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 505 ) This study focused on the changes of physiology and relative gene expression during the bud dormancy induction in peach. The contents of IAA and ABA were measured by HPLC and the relative genes expression of auxin polar transport carrier genes PpPIN1, PpPIN3, PpPIN5 and PpPIN8 was detected by RTqPCR in leaves and vegetative buds. Three peach varieties,‘Zhongnonghongjiubao’,‘Zhongnongsanhao’, 03- 30-035, were chosen as the test materials. Results showed that during the bud dormancy induction in peach, the content of IAA did not show a significant change, but the content of ABA rose since October 6 and then reached the peak on October 16. Nevertheless, the content of IAA surged in leaf buds while the content of ABA decreased gradually. Among the four genes mentioned above, PpPIN5, followed by PpPIN3, was in active expression in leaves and had a strong expression in the early to mid-October. However, the relative expression of PpPIN1 and PpPIN3 dropped suddenly in October 26 in vegetative buds. In general, the changes of endogenous hormones and PpPINs genes relative expression were significantly different in leaves and vegetative buds during the bud dormancy induction in peach.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Self-incompatibility Gene SSK1 of Wild Almond in Xinjiang 2015, 31 (25):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030187 Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 529 ) The research aims to obtain the full- length SSK1 gene with specific expressions in the selfincompatible pollens from wild almond clusters of Xinjiang area. In this research, the leaves and pollen of wild almonds of Xinjiang area were chosen as the materials. Through the rt-PCR and bioinformatics sequencing, the author got a new full-length SSK1 gene, named as PetSSK1. The results showed that the full-length of PetSSK1 was 602 bp and the open reading frame was 534 bp, encoding 177 amino acids. Through the bioinformatics analysis, the molecular formula of PetSSK1 protein was C910H1421N233O295S6 and the relative molecular mass of it was 20538.0, and its estimated half-life was 30 h in theory. Moreover, the result showed that the hydrophobic index and the grand average of hydropathicity of PetSSK1 protein were 41.48 and - 0.567, respectively, indicating that PetSSK1 protein belonged to the unstable water-soluble protein. It is the first report that a novel SSK1 gene has been cloned from wild almonds of Xinjiang area. Through the gene cloning and sequence analysis, expression analysis laid the foundation for the future and the effective use of the gene to obtain selfcompatible plants.

  Effects of Drip Fertigation on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefit of Rambutan Zang Xiaoping,Lin Xing’e,Ding Zheli,Dai Minjie,Tan Lin,Ge Yu,Wei Changbin and Ma Weihong 2015, 31 (25):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010212 Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 526KB )   ( 424 ) In order to find out the best combination of water and fertilizer in the production of rambutan and to achieve the goal of saving fertilizer and maintaining high yield and good quality, a field plot experiment was carried out in Baoting county to investigate the effects of drip fertigation and farmer’s practice on rambutan yield, fruit quality and economic benefit. The experiment included three treatments: no fertilizer (CK), farmer’s practice (FP) and drip fertigation (DF)．The results showed that the yield of DF was 5570.4 kg/hm2, fruit total soluble solid was 21.7%, vitamin C was 44.66 mg/100 g and the TSS-acid ratio was 68.49, increased by 24.84%, 9.60%, 25.20% and 31.21% respectively than those of FP. The total titration acid of DF was 0.36%, 13.19% lower than that of FP. Applying drip fertigation could increase the net income by 14362 yuan/hm2, reduce the use of N, P2O5 and K2O by 44.57%, 21.89% and 9.63% respectively, and promote the vario-cost ratio from 1.91 to 2.81 compared with FP. The treatment of DF was most conductive to the yield, quality and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of rambutan. Drip fertigation is a suitable model for rambutan cultivation in hilly districts since it can enhance the growth of crops, increase the yield, improve the quality of crops, lower production costs as well as increase the economic benefits.

  Study on Leaf Phenotype, Soluble Sugar and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics Response to Heat Stress in‘Jumeigui’Grapes 2015, 31 (25):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030218 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 2048KB )   ( 510 ) The response to heat stress in‘Jumeigui’grapes (Vitis vinifera L.×V. labrusca L.) has been studied, to provide the warning and measures in management of facility cultivation. Annual giant‘Jumeigui’grapes were selected and the changes of indexes, including leaf phenotype and organization structure, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll fluorescence, were measured under different treatments (27, 32, 37, 42℃). The results showed that under treatment of 37℃ , the leaf veins of‘Jumeigui’grapes appeared water loss phenomenon. At 42℃, the leaf started to dry up, the young leaves did not unfolding and the plants eventually died. At 27, 37℃ there were no changes of leaf mesophyll tissue, and the palisade tissue was orderly arranged. But under the condition of 42℃, mesophyll tissue showed water loss to shrink. And at 42℃, the content of soluble sugar increased obviously, the O-I phase value of photosynthesis OJIP curve in original reactions and ABS/RC, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, DTo/RC maintained a relative high level. The conclusion provides the idea that the leaf phenotype, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll fluorescence indicators of‘Jumeigui’grapes are related to the processing degree and processing time of high temperature conditions. Under the treatment of 42℃,‘Jumeigui’grapes show the irreversible damage at 22 d.

  Effect of Summer Short-cutting on Budding Number and Branching Ability of Carya illinoensis‘Pawnee’ 2015, 31 (25):  124-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040048 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 475KB )   ( 360 ) In order to determine the optimal pruning time and pruning measures of Carya illinoensis in summer, taking 5-year-old grafted seedlings of Carya illinoensis‘Pawnee’as experimental materials, effect of different pruning time, different pruning measures on budding number and branching ability of Carya illinoensis‘Pawnee’were studied. The results showed that the uncut branches had no budding, but pruning branches had a certain number of budding. On June 14, 1/5 short-cutting had the best effect for the 20-50 cm annual branch, the average budding number was 1.67, branching ability (10-30 cm) reached 73.3%, and had ＞ 30 long branches; 1/3 short-cutting had the best effect for the ＞ 50 cm annual branch, the average budding number was 2.75, branching ability of 10-30 cm and ＞ 30 cm reached 68.18% and 18.18%. On June 28, 1/5 short-cutting and 1/3 short-cutting had the best effect for the 20-50 cm and ＞ 50 cm annual branch. Therefore, 1/5 short-cutting for the 20-50 cm annual branch and 1/3 short-cutting for the ＞ 50 cm annual branch of pecan‘Pawnee’young tree on June 14 were conducive to the formation of pecan branches.

  Effects Analysis of Pitaya and Soybean Intercropping System 2015, 31 (25):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030138 Abstract + ( 3244 )   PDF ( 483KB )   ( 390 ) To provide a theoretical basis for pitaya ecological cultivation, the effects of pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern on the ecological factors and economic benefit were evaluated by red skin red meat Hylocereus undatus intercropping with‘edamame No.5’or‘Huaxia No.3’. Results indicated that pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern could improve the soil physical characteristics, the soil volume weight reduced by 5.07%-7.97%, total porosity and moisture content increased by 5.51%-8.66% and 56.40%-59.66%, respectively. Also the soil organic matter, total N, available nitrogen and rapidly available potassium respectively increased by 36.61%-42.62%, 75.67%-77.03%, 48.57%-61.92%, and 81.64%-103.12%, but the available phosphorus decreased by 31.89%-35.99%. The intercropping pattern also improved the microecological environment in pitaya orchard, the air temperature and soil temperature reduced by 2℃ and 3℃, respectively, and the relative humidity increased by 4%-6%. The pitaya and soybean intercropping pattern has certain advantages and could significantly improve the economic benefit of pitaya orchard with a benefit raise of 17.86%-24.93%.

  Effect of Electron Beam on Fresh-keeping Quality of Kiwifruit 2015, 31 (25):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020106 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 747KB )   ( 889 ) To investigate the effect of high energy electron beam on storage quality, physiology and phychemistry, kiwifruits of‘Hongyang’, which was the main variety of Shanghai, were stored at lowtemperature of (1±1)℃, RH 85%-90% after irradiation of 250, 500, 1000, 1500 Gy, the effects of different dosages on storage quality were studied. The results showed that appropriate dosage of high energy electron beam (500-1000 Gy) could restrain respiration intensity and the declining of firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and Vc content significantly; slow down the degree of browning, alleviate deterioration of chlorophyll with pulp and peel during low-temperature storage. It could delay the senescence and reduce the rot of‘Hongyang’kiwifruit obviously. According to the results above, 500 Gy is the best dosage of high energy electron beam on‘Hongyang’kiwifruit. It can prolong the fresh-time from 30 d to 80 d. To the 80 d, the good fruit rate is kept at 100%, and the Vc content is maintained at 129.62 mg/100 g. The dosage of 1500 Gy which can damage‘Hongyang’kiwifruit is the critical point of electron beam irradiation.

  Comparative Study on Aroma Components of Four Syringa Varieties 2015, 31 (25):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030081 Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 613KB )   ( 672 ) Taking fresh flowers of‘James Macfarlane’,‘Miss Canada’,‘Miss Kim’and‘Donald Wyman’as test materials, the author studied their aromatic components. The chemical components and relative contents of fragrance released from fresh flowers of the 4 Syringa varieties were analyzed by means of Head Solid-phase Micro-extraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 32 compounds were identified in‘James Macfarlane’, 37 compounds were identified in‘Miss Canada’, 33 compounds were identified in‘Miss Kim’, and ene terpenoids were the main aromatic components. 23 compounds were identified in‘Donald Wyman’, its main aromatic components were ene terpenoids and aromatic hydrocarbons.

  Study on Screening of Stem Segments Proliferation Medium in Tissue Culture of Dianhong Edible Rose 李晓亮,张军云,张 钟,杨世先,王文智,张建康,段永华 and 张翠萍 2015, 31 (25):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040200 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 726KB )   ( 519 ) Seedling produced by plant tissue culture is an important technological approach that could solve the edible roses seedling market shortage. In this approach, the key is to realize the high efficiency and high quality stems proliferation. For this, a crossed experiment of L9(34) was conducted on Dianhong edible rose to study the effects of different factors on stem segments proliferation and screen the best proliferation medium. The results showed that there were great differences in stem segments differentiation and proliferation of Dianhong edible rose among the treatments, and there were 4 main plant morphology types. Basal medium had a significant effect on rose’s proliferation coefficient (P＜0.05), but effect differences of 6-BA, NAA and GA3 on proliferation coefficient were not significant (P＞0.05). The effects of 4 factors on proliferation coefficient according to their influencing differences were as follows: basal medium＞6-BA＞NAA＞GA3. The best stem segments proliferation medium of Dianhong edible rose was WPM + 6- BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.01 mg/L + GA3 0.5 mg/L+ sucrose 30 g/L, which had some excellent characteristics such as high formation plant rate, high plant, straight and neat, stout stem and large proliferation coefficient, etc. Therefore, the results of this study could be applied to industrial tissue culture seedling of Dianhong edible rose.

  Study on Grading Standard for Ardisia corymbifera var. tuberifera Seedlings 谢伟玲 and 柴胜丰 2015, 31 (25):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030176 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 527 ) In order to make a scientific and rational grading standard for Ardisia corymbifera var. tuberifera seedlings, the correlation analysis and stepwise cluster analysis method were applied to establish the grading standard for 1-year-old seedlings of Ardisia corymbifera var. tuberifera. The ground diameter and plant height were chosen as the quality indicators for grading. The grading standard for the seedlings of Ardisia corymbifera var. tuberifera worked out as follows: ground diameter≥0.59 cm and plant height≥23.82 cm for grade I seedlings; 0.55 cm≤ ground diameter＜ 0.59 cm and 14.94 cm≤ plant height＜23.82 cm for grade II seedlings; ground diameter＜0.55 cm and plant height＜14.94 cm for grade III seedlings. It is feasible and reliable to use stepwise cluster analysis method to establish the grading standard for Ardisia corymbifera var. tuberifera seedlings.

  Optimizing Fermentation Condition for SY286 Strain 2015, 31 (25):  157-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050007 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 878KB )   ( 453 ) In order to investigate best condition for liquid fermentation of strain SY286 and increase its antagonistic substance productivity against Plasmopara viticola, the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were adopted to optimize the liquid fermentation medium and fermentation condition. The result showed that the optimum medium was glucose 10 g/L, beef extract 7.5 g/L, NaCl 2.5 g/L, KNO3 5 g/L. The optimal fermentation conditions were culture temperature 27℃, fermentation time 72 h, initial pH 7.0, medium capacity 90 mL/250 mL, inoculation rate 6%, and rotate speed 150 r/min. The inhibitory activity of strain SY286 fermentation solution increased by 6.98% under the optimum fermentation medium and culture conditions, it was up to 99.19%.

  Research Advance on Transmission, Epidemic and Control of Phytoplasmal Disease 2015, 31 (25):  164-170.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050052 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 589KB )   ( 770 ) Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic bacteria which are transmitted through phloem-feeding insects of the order Hemiptera including leafhoppers, planthoppers, psyllids and stink bugs, and can cause more than 1000 plant species diseases around the world. Phytoplasmal diseases have been extensively studied due to their economic importance. This paper reviewed the latest advances on transmission and epidemic of phytoplasmal disease, summarized the approaches and strategies of controlling phytoplasmal disease, analyzed the transmission process and its influencing factors, the molecular mechanism of the three-way interaction between phytoplasmas, plant host and insect vector, epidemiological elements in phytoplasmal disease and its influencing factors. Furthermore, the study pointed out the problems in current researches and prospected future perspectives of phytoplasmal disease.

  Study Advances in Occurrence and Control of the Polyphagous Pink Stem Borer Sesamia inferens 2015, 31 (25):  171-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030156 Abstract + ( 1079 )   PDF ( 553KB )   ( 701 ) With the change of cropping system and the promotion of light cultivation technique, the polyphagous pink stem borer Sesamia inferens has become the major rice pest in some areas. It is obvious that the heavy damage caused by S. inferens is increasing year by year. But the control technology system using striped rice borer as target is still applied in most rice areas at present, and sublethal dose of pesticides has promoted population growth of S. inferens. In order to strengthen the research and technique promotion in control of S. inferens, considering the biological characteristics such as multi-host selection and spawning close to the edge of the field, and the increasing occurrence and damage, prediction and forecasting method were discussed based on the analysis of control-related literatures of S. inferens in recent decades. Study advances in agricultural control methods, which were reducing insect source base, ecological regulation, scientific forecasting and precision spraying, were summarized. The future research was proposed to be concentrated on improving forecasting methods, resistance monitoring and resistance risk assessment of transgenic rice.

  Inhibition of Selenium on Rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 2015, 31 (25):  176-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050039 Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 793KB )   ( 367 ) To determine whether Se can inhibit the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum which was isolated from rape or not, experiments of plate culture and liquid medium culture were used here. In the present study, the germination, growth, inhibition, lethal effect, and the leakage of protein and nucleic acid material in cellular of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum which was treated with different concentrations of exogenous Se were determined. As the results showed, the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was inhibited significantly (P＜0.05), and the EC50 was 2.23 mg/L. Se only inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum but not led it to death. Low concentration of Se (＜5 mg/L) had no effect on inhibiting the germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. However, the germination of sclerotia was inhibited totally when the concentration of Se was higher than 50 mg/L. The leakage of protein (OD280) and nucleic acid material (OD260) in cellular of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum increased with the treatment of Se, which indicated that the permeability of cell membrane was enlarged significantly with the addition of Se in the media. In conclusion, exogenous Se can inhibit the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for the safe agricultural action and the use of the micro-element Se.

  Development Status of Herbicides in China and Its Application in Sorghum 景小兰,,,,,,,, and 白文斌＊ 2015, 31 (25):  182-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040128 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 475KB )   ( 492 ) From the development status of herbicide in China, the problems and development in herbicide industry were discussed in this paper. On this basis, the application, research and using status of herbicides were comprehensively analyzed. The author pointed out that on the basis of the introduction and exploitation of new herbicides, the short residual effect varieties and herbicide- resistant GM crops should be developed urgently, mixed preparation and improved technology should be adopted, synergist and security agents which were environment friendly should be developed and applied, and the form of herbicide should be improved to enhance the flexibility and selectivity of weeding in sorghum fields.

  Study on Phthalate Acid Esters Residue in Vegetables 2015, 31 (25):  186-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030211 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 545KB )   ( 670 ) A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of 18 PAEs in vegetables (Chinese cabbage, celery, tomato and cucumber), the residual monitor of PAEs of the vegetable in Anhui base was conducted in order to provide theoretical foundation for a safety diet to consumers and risk management suggestions to administrators. The results showed that the range of phthalate acid esters concentration of 0.05-5 mg/L had a good linear relationship with the correlation index of 0.9972-0.9998, the minimum detectable amount (S/N=3) was 0.05 ng; the average recovery range was 72.28%-112.57% under the level of 0.5-5.0 mg/kg, the relative standard deviation (n=5) was 0.94%-12.47%, this method could meet the demands of PAEs detection. The residual risk of 4 kinds of vegetables was monitored by this method, DIBP, DBEP, DEHP and DNP were found in the samples with the total contents of 0.20-0.72 mg/kg. DEHP was found in all of the 4 kinds of vegetables with the residual quantity of 0.02-0.22 mg/kg.

  A Study on the Eco-environment of Yunnan Province Based on GIS 2015, 31 (25):  192-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050028 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 604 ) In order to build a great chapter of Yunnan in beautiful China and build a well-off society in an allround way, the paper took Yunnan Province as a spatial hierarchy to overcome the traditional emphasis on single factor evaluation method. The author constructed a comprehensive evaluation method and used GIS to analyze the ecological environment and spatial characteristics of Yunnan Province. On this basis, the author put forward ideas and countermeasures for ecological civilization construction in Yunnan. The results showed that in Yunnan Province, environmental capacity was at medium level, eco-environment was more vulnerable and had great significance, natural disasters occurred frequently, and eco-environment spatial differentiation was more obvious. The province could be divided into three functional areas, which were the overall balance area, the efficiency dominant area and the environmental dominant area.

  Study on Single-phase Anaerobic Digestion and On-site Treatment of Rural Small Quantity Kitchen Waste and Its Benefit Analysis 邵佳婧 and 吴丽萍 2015, 31 (25):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040146 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 605KB )   ( 630 ) The study aims to explore technically feasible and relatively low-cost single-phase application of anaerobic digestion process conditions, realize the harmless and on-site treatment of small quantities of rural kitchen waste for better resources utilization. Using the common 8 m3 rural household biogas digesters, the author collected test materials from rural families in Sichuan Province, and adopted single- phase semicontinuous fermentation for anaerobic digestion. The feed organic load and inoculation were selected as variables of process condition, and the actual gas production and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were selected as evaluation indicators, terminal wastes and biogas slurry were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that the basic physical and chemical properties of rural kitchen waste were applicable and possible for anaerobic digestion, with the feed organic loading of 10 gVS/L and inoculation amount within the scope of 20- 30 gVS/L, the degradation of the anaerobic fermentation system had high efficiency, and the actual gas production ranged from 457-485 mL/gVS, the biogas could be used directly as a kind of clean energy, and the terminal biogas residue and slurry could be used directly as a kind of organic fertilizer, since it conformed to the Biological Organic Fertilizer National Standard (NY 884—2012). Based on the existing rural household biogas project management in China, the single-phase anaerobic digestion treatment of rural kitchen waste had better economic and environmental benefits while not requiring a lot of additionally auxiliary equipment or complex processes.

  Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil Along the Yellow River by“Shang Mian Xia Yu” 2015, 31 (25):  206-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040141 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 582KB )   ( 555 ) The saline- alkali land development mode of“Shang Mian Xia Yu”or“Shang Liang Xia Yu”started 20 years ago. In recent years, with the improvement of shrimp cultivation, the mode has a rapid development in the Boxing Region of Shandong Province. Investigating the improvement effects on salinealkali land with the mode of“Shang Mian Xia Yu”could provide a theoretical basis for further wide promotion of this mode. In Boxing County, 3 sample points were chosen, including saline- alkali land without development, raised fields soil improved through“Shang Mian Xia Yu”mode for 2 years and 20 years later. In order to reduce the influence of sample points’soil quality on the test results, 3 sample points were within 10 km distance. Each sample point was sampled in 5 soil layers, respectively, 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80- 100 cm soil layer. The salinity, alkalinity, pH value, quantity of organic matter and the amount of culturable microorganisms of the three different soil sample points were studied. The results showed that after 2 years of improvement, the desalination rate reached 59.7%, after 20 years improvement, the desalination rate reached 90.3%. The soil alkalinity did not change significantly after 2 years of improvement, however, soil alkalinity decreased from 2.004×10-3 mol/L to 0.6311×10-3 mol/L after 20 years of improvement, which showed that the soil alkalinity in saline- alkali land was more difficult to improve than soil salinity. With the increase of improving years, each soil layer’s pH value was gradually reduced compared with that of the saline-alkali land without development and almost close to neutral. The soil organic matter content was enhanced by 15.58% after 20 years of improvement. The amount of cultivable microorganisms in 0-20 cm soil was 12.73 times of that in the saline-alkali land without development after 2 years of improvements. Overall,“Shang Mian Xia Yu”has a good improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil along the Yellow River and this mode is an effective saline-alkali land improvement measure that deserves extending.

  Impact Analysis of Farmer Credit on the Adoption Behavior of Saline Alkali Soil Control Technology——A Case Study of 468 Households in Kenli, Zhenlai, and Chabuchaer 2015, 31 (25):  213-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040041 Abstract + ( 751 )   PDF ( 548KB )   ( 742 ) Concerning the impact of farmer credit on the adoption behavior of saline alkali soil control technology, binomial Logistic models for each adoption behavior of saline alkali soil control technology were built based on the data from the questionnaires of 468 households from Kenli, Zhenlai, and Chabuchaer. The results showed that farmer credit did not influence households’adoption behavior of farming control technology and biological control technology, but it affected households’ adoption behavior of water conservancy and chemical control technology, the more money farmers borrowed from the banks, the more likely they adopted the technique of water conservancy, but if the annual interest rate of the loan was high, the farmers were less likely to adopt the technique of water conservancy; the more the households had repaid the loan, the more likely they adopted the technique of chemical control, and if more loans were used for agricultural production, farmers were less likely to adopt the chemical control technology.

  Study on Balanced Benchmark Land Price Based on the Regulation of Urban Classification Index 2015, 31 (25):  220-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040045 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 597 ) In order to reflect the difference of urban space and the real change characteristics of benchmark land price, the author adopted comparative method, Delphi method and the weighted sum method to control the urban classification index, the same level towns were attributed to the same level and the variation range of different levels were determined, which realized the adjustment of towns and prices by indexes and levels. The results showed that in Xinxiang City, the first level town included Huixian City, Weihui City, Xinxiang County and Yanjin County and the second level town included Huojia County, Yuanyang County and Fengqiu County. In the first level towns, the first level land price for commercial and residential use were 890-1215 yuan/m2 and 650-880 yuan/m2 and the last level were 300-410 yuan/m2 and 260-350 yuan/m2. While in the second level towns, the first level land price for commercial and residential use were 750-840 yuan/m2 and 520- 575 yuan/m2 and the last level were 300-330 yuan/m2 and 220-250 yuan/m2. The price of the land used for the same purpose and of the same level was higher when the level of town was higher.

  Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Drought Based on Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) in Tibet During 1981-2013 2015, 31 (25):  228-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040033 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 1731KB )   ( 630 ) The paper aims to study the drought changes in Tibet. The evolution characteristics of the frequency of drought and severe drought in dry season and rainy season in the Tibet Region were analyzed based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) as a drought index with the data of monthly precipitation of 38 ground meteorological stations during the period from 1981 to 2013. The results showed that: the drought frequency of the southeastern area was high in the dry season, drought frequency of the western area was high in the rainy season. The severe drought of the central and eastern area had high frequency in both the rainy season and dry season. The frequency of drought and severe drought in the dry season was the highest in the 1990s, and that in the rainy season was the highest at the beginning of the 21st century. The evolution of drought intensity in Tibet showed that the southern edge of Tibet had the most dramatic changes.

  Temporal-spatial Variation Characteristic of rainfall in Henan Province During 1951-2013 韩 艳,,,, and 2015, 31 (25):  235-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040053 Abstract + ( 703 )   PDF ( 2969KB )   ( 505 ) The data of monthly rainfall, observed from 18 stations of Henan Province during 1951-2013, were selected as the subject for analyzing the temporal-spatial characteristics of Henan rainfall and 800 mm rainfall line, with wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall test, rainfall variability and cumulative departure methods. The results showed that: (1) the rainfall of annual and four seasons had non-significant decreasing trend in Henan Province, the variations of annual rainfall was primarily controlled by the summer rainfall, the extent of drought was bigger than that of flood; (2) there were typical oscillations with 2-3 a, approximate 4.5 a and 6 a cycles in the annual and seasonal mean precipitation variation, which were possibly relate to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation; (3) the rainfall of annual and four seasons decreased from southeast to northwest, and most areas of Henan Province had a decreasing trend; (4) only regarding the 800 mm rainfall as the separatrix of southern and northern China seemed to be insufficient, more substitute indexes were needed to comprehensively analyze the specific trend and width range.

  Research on Real-time Risk Assessment of Rainstorm in Shaanxi Province 2015, 31 (25):  241-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020069 Abstract + ( 712 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 612 ) The research aims to quantitatively assess the rainstorm disaster in real-time and provide effective guidance for the high- risk areas on rainstorm in Shaanxi Province. Based on the meteorological data of rainstorm in Shaanxi, the historical rainstorm disastrous data, the geographic data and the socio-economic data, the authors used the principal component analysis, entropy method and hierarchy process analysis to obtain the rainstorm disaster- inducing factor, hazard inducing environment vulnerability, bearing body vulnerability and resistance capacity. Meanwhile, combined with the GIS technology, the real- time risk assessment model of the rainstorm disaster was built in Shaanxi Province. The model was applied to the typical rainstorm disaster verification in 2011, and the assessment results were consistent with the actual disaster situation.

  High Resolution Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Short-time Heavy Rainfall 鲁俊, and 2015, 31 (25):  247-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060057 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 2353KB )   ( 508 ) The paper aims to better understand climatic background of short-time heavy rainfall and improve the forecast level as well as disaster prevention and mitigation capacity. Based on hourly precipitation data of 79 meteorological observation stations in Anhui Province during 1995 and 2010, with the help of statistical method, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall with three intensity levels (≥30 mm/h, ≥40 mm/h, ≥50 mm/h) were analyzed. The results showed that, in terms of spatial distribution, high incidence of short-time heavy rainfall in Anhui was basically in Huaibei Plain, Dabie Mountainous Area and Southern Mountainous Area. The heavy rainfall zone of mountainous areas was located in the windward side of mountain and river valley, with northwest- southeast direction perpendicularly to the direction of southwest jet flow. Compared with the mountainous areas, the Huaibei Plain was more prone to observe extreme precipitation of more than 50 mm/h. There was an apparent jump to the north of short-time heavy rainfall zone from June to July, about four latitudes, which was closely related to subtropical high of northern jump. In terms of time distribution, month distribution of short-time heavy rainfall was unimodal structure, with the highest frequency in July. The diurnal variation had a clear characteristic of bimodal structure, with prone periods in the morning and from afternoon to the evening. And the stronger the precipitation intensity, the more obvious the bimodal structure was. This study provided an important reference for the short time forecasting and early warning of short-time heavy rainfall.

  Analysis of Statistical Characteristics of Thunderstorm in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County of Liaoning 2015, 31 (25):  255-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030256 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 376 ) The paper aims to provide scientific theoretical basis for lightning protection and disaster reduction. Using the thunderstorm data from 1963 to 2012 in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, with its geographical environment and climate characteristics as the background, the climatic characteristics of thunderstorms were analyzed with methods such as mathematical statistics, linear fitting, climate trend rate and Morlet wavelet analysis. The results showed that: annual average days of thunderstorm were 29.04 days in the recent 50 years, which was in the moderate thunderstorm range. The inter-annual variability of thunderstorm day was large, the years that had the most thunderstorm days were 1991 and 2005, while the year that had the least thunderstorm days was 2010, the former was more than twice the latter. The number of thunderstorm in 50 years had a gradually decreasing trend, with the climate tendency decreasing rate of 0.852 d/10 a. The thunderstorm days were mostly concentrated in May to September, which had a number of 1337 thunderstorm days in the recent 50 years, accounting for 92.08% of the thunderstorm days all the year round. There was an obvious seasonal variation in thunderstorm occurrence, with the most in summer and the least in winter. Using wavelet analysis method, it showed that the thunderstorm activities had strong vibration cycle of 17 years and 2 to 6 years in the studied area.

  Statistical Characteristics and Numerical Forecast Verification of Maximum and Minimum Temperature in Dalian Area 2015, 31 (25):  259-268.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030094 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 773 ) The paper aims to improve the accuracy of temperature forecast in Dalian Area, the frequency distribution of the occurrence time of the maximum and minimum temperature in different seasons were analyzed using automatic station temperature data of Dalian Area in 2003-2012 and the automatic station temperature data, the products of ECMWF, SCMOC, SLMOF, T639, STOBJ, WRF and SPCC in 2013 were used to test temperature forecast in Dalian Area, the time span of forecast was 24 hours. The results showed that the frequency distribution of the occurrence time of the maximum and minimum temperature was a bimodal. The maximum (minimum) temperature appeared at 14:00 and 21:00 (5:00- 8:00 and 21:00). For temperature forecast, SCMOC had better forecast effect than other products in the south of Dalian Area, and ECMWF performed better than others in the north of Dalian Area. The correct rate of the maximum temperature was always smaller than that of the minimum temperature.

  Information Resource Integration in Agricultural Portal: A Case Study of China Agricultural Information Website 张丽君 and 2015, 31 (25):  269-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050063 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 427KB )   ( 444 ) In order to find out integration mode and existing problems of agricultural website information resources and indicate the integration direction and focus of agricultural website information resources in China, connotation of agricultural websites information resources integration and integration mode of information resources of China agricultural information website were analyzed. The author summed up three kinds of resource integration models, which were website link, automatic information push (collection), remote manual upload. Then the existing problems in resource classification, integration depth and means of agricultural websites information resource integration were analyzed. At last the author put forward the suggestions of establishing integration standards of website information resources, promoting vertical integration of website information resources, and making full use of WEB technology to carry out the integration of information resources.

  Analysis of Influencing Factors on Urban Farmers’Demand for Science and Technology Information Services——Based on the Statistics of Facility Farming in Tianjin 2015, 31 (25):  273-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040171 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 476KB )   ( 364 ) On the basis of field researches and surveys about Tianjin facility farming, binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors on urban farmers’demand for science and technology information services. The results showed that farmers had a high demand for science and technology information service. Farmer characteristic factor (education), technological induced factors (family income, type of facility, number of long-term farmers), information source factors (diversity of information channel, number of training seminars), and farmer subjective factors (attention on waste treatment technologies, fertilizer quality and pesticides) had significant impacts on farmers’demand for science and technology information service. So the author put forward some policy suggestions, including forming a diversified agricultural technology information service team, giving consideration to both practicality and prospective of information service content and innovating multi-layer and multi-dimensional information service mode.

  Survey of Farmers’Perception of Climate Change in Northern Shaanxi Province——A Case Study of the Southern Jingbian and Northern Yan’an of Shaanxi Province 2015, 31 (25):  277-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030236 Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 886KB )   ( 539 ) The paper aims to study farmers’perceptions of climate change in hilly area of loess plateau in northern Shaanxi. The authors adopted questionnaire survey and used statistical description method to deal with the results. Combining with the contrastive analysis of monitoring data from weather stations, the authors analyzed farmers’perceptions of climate change and the acclimatization. The results showed that 33.84% of the farmers believed that temperatures tended to rise; 54.9% of the residents thought local precipitation decreased; 26.3% of the farmers believed that natural disasters increased; nearly 40% of the famers thought that climate change impacted on agriculture increasingly or significantly. There were significant differences in the perceptions of climate change and natural disasters among farmers with different educational levels. In order to adapt to climate change, farmers have taken steps of adjusting the planting structure independently, introducing new varieties, purchasing agricultural insurance, working part-time or immigrating.

  Correlation Analysis of Agricultural Poverty Alleviation by Correspondence Analysis——A Case Study of Sichuan Province Zhou Huaqiang,Liu Changzhu,Wang Jingdong,Feng Wenshuai and Yan Jianhua 2015, 31 (25):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030132 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 649KB )   ( 579 ) In order to find a better way to fulfill the policy of accurate poverty alleviation in Sichuan Province, the method of MCA (multiple correspondence analysis) was applied in the study. It was the first time using this method to study poverty alleviation so far. Results of this study revealed that location, agricultural industry, object and circle of technology demands were correlated. Enterprises in southern and western Sichuan had stronger willingness for processing technology of Chinese herbal medicine, cooperative organizations in southern and eastern Sichuan had stronger technical demands for economical crops, and governmental departments in western Sichuan showed a stronger requirement for planting technology of forestry, fruit and breeding technology of livestock and poultry. The aim of accurate poverty alleviation was to plan industrial zone correctly, support and serve industry accurately. This aim should be fulfilled by finding demand at first, one-to-one aid, guidance of governmental projects, and participation of enterprises. It was vital to handle the relationship between production and market, government and market, innovation and service in the process of accurate poverty alleviation.