Abstract: The study aims to explore technically feasible and relatively low-cost single-phase application of anaerobic digestion process conditions, realize the harmless and on-site treatment of small quantities of rural kitchen waste for better resources utilization. Using the common 8 m3 rural household biogas digesters, the author collected test materials from rural families in Sichuan Province, and adopted single- phase semicontinuous fermentation for anaerobic digestion. The feed organic load and inoculation were selected as variables of process condition, and the actual gas production and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were selected as evaluation indicators, terminal wastes and biogas slurry were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that the basic physical and chemical properties of rural kitchen waste were applicable and possible for anaerobic digestion, with the feed organic loading of 10 gVS/L and inoculation amount within the scope of 20- 30 gVS/L, the degradation of the anaerobic fermentation system had high efficiency, and the actual gas production ranged from 457-485 mL/gVS, the biogas could be used directly as a kind of clean energy, and the terminal biogas residue and slurry could be used directly as a kind of organic fertilizer, since it conformed to the Biological Organic Fertilizer National Standard (NY 884—2012). Based on the existing rural household biogas project management in China, the single-phase anaerobic digestion treatment of rural kitchen waste had better economic and environmental benefits while not requiring a lot of additionally auxiliary equipment or complex processes.