Abstract: In order to contrast the tilapia products export competitiveness of China and Indonesia in the United States’ market, this article uses the relevant trade data from 1994 to 2014, to analyze the two countries’ product competitiveness. Competitiveness evaluation methods mainly include the international market share, revealed comparative advantage index and constant market share model. China"s tilapia products’ export to the United States is growing faster than Indonesia. But Indonesia tilapia products have their own brand and export channel. The market price of Indonesia tilapia products is much higher than in China. Chinese tilapia gradually occupied the most markets in the United States. At the same time, Indonesia"s market share is relatively stable. China"s tilapia products in U. S. market have gradually changed from comparative disadvantage to comparative advantage, but Indonesia has more comparative advantage in terms of tilapia exports. According to the perspective of the analysis of constant market share model, competitive effect’s contribution to China"s export growth in the us market is high, which means that the competitiveness of China"s tilapia products is growing, but the rationalization of the structure as well as its contribution to export growth is still lower than that of Indonesia．