Abstract: In order to discuss the arable land’s spatial distribution characteristics of Wudu District in Longnan City, this paper took national cultivated land quality index as an object and used the methods of local spatial autocorrelation analysis and Moran scatter point diagram, on the basis of the results, the authors proposed the measures for protecting cultivated land. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Wudu District was entirety low, aggregation was shown in spatial under mountainous condition, the type of positive correlation (HH and LL) had strong aggregation, while the type of negative correlation (HL and LH) had the scattered distribution with no obvious law. The partition scheme of cultivated land protection based on the spatial autocorrelation method, which comprehensively considered the natural condition of cultivated land, utilization level, economic status and spatial distribution characteristics, broadened the basis of cultivated land protection and provided a new idea for the protection of arable land.