Abstract: In order to improve the seedling quality and the effect of seedling substrate on machine-transplanted rice, the conventional seedling substrate Chaimihe was used as the material, added with the special seedling fertilizer Yumiaobanlv in different ways, to study the influence of substrates on seedling quality. The results showed that the seedling quality was improved significantly along with the fertilization containing Yumiaobanlv, including the plant height, the leaf age, the base stem width, the leaf area per plant, the value of SPAD, the root volume, the dry weight per hundred seedlings, the strong seedling index and so on. The contents of the available nitrogen and the rapidly available phosphorus increased significantly in the substrates, and the content of soluble protein in the seedling body was improved, and the enzyme activities of GS, GPT, GOT and SOD were also increased. The yield of machine-transplanted rice increased significantly after transplanting to field. The effects of mixing Yumiaobanlv with the substrates and sowing Yumiaobanlv between plate and seedbed were much better than that of other fertilization methods. Yumiaobanlv mixed with the substrates was an effective measure to solve the problems such as the deficiency of nitrogen and the instability of seedling quality. The sooner Yumiaobanlv was used, the better the effect was.