Abstract: The authors calculated the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Henan Province during 2000 to 2010 based on ecological footprint model, then the level of sustainable development was analyzed by the ecological deficit, ecological pressure and ecological footprint of 10000 yuan GDP. The results showed that: (1) the per capita ecological carrying capacity of Henan increased from 0.5318 hm² to 0.8220 hm² during the 11 years, showing an increasing trend except in 2003; (2) the per capita ecological footprint had an increasing trend generally, the per capita biological footprint decreased and then increased, the footprint of construction land increased the fastest, the proportion of fossil energy land footprint was the biggest; (3) the per capita ecological deficit increased from 0.2479 hm² to 0.5238 hm² during the 11 years, which showed an increasing trend, the economic development was not sustainable, while the ecological pressure experienced a decline-increase repeating trend; (4) the 10000 yuan GDP ecological footprint kept a decreasing trend from 1.4640 km² in 2000 to 0.5481 km² in 2010. In order to achieve the sustainable development in Henan Province under the construction of Central Plains Economic Zone, agriculture efficiency should be improved to build a strong agricultural province, industrial structure should be optimized to insure the improvement of economic quality, and the ecological idea should be fulfilled to guide green production and consumption.