Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.8 Published:18 March 2016

  Effect of 4 Seed-coating Agents on Germination and Growth of 4 Herbage Species Chen Lihua,Gao Qiuyu,Wu Yixin and He Yueqiu 2016, 32 (8):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110063 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 1658KB )   ( 553 ) To improve the seedling quality, germination rate and speed of 4 herbage species, Medicago sativa, Vicia villosa var. glabrescens, Trifolium repens and Lolium multiflorum, home-made 2% tebuconazole biological complex seed-coating agent (BCSA), 39% metalaxyl-M azoxystrobin, 600 g/L imidacloprid, and 35% thiamethoxam were used with best doses for seed coating. The results showed that compared with naked seed control (NSC), the coated seeds with 39% metalaxyl-M azoxystrobin, 600 g/L imidacloprid, and 35% thiamethoxam, the germination rate of BCSA coated seeds of M. sativa increased by 9.55%, 9.09%, 39.68% and 6.45%, the germination rate of BCSA coated seeds of Vicia villosa var. glabrescens increased by 66.66%, 30.18%, 43.78% and 7.32%, and the germination rate of BCSA coated seeds of T. repens increased by 31.25%, 12.51%, and 17.75%, 12.51%, respectively, but the germination rate of L. perenne seeds had no change. Compared with the NSC, BSCA had significant effect of growth promotion. Root length of M. sativa, V. villosa var. glabrescens, T. repens and L. multiflorum increased by 30.29%, 17.12%, 33.80% and 7.36%, seedling length increased by 15.86%, 10.26%, 18.08% and 5.31%, and the above-ground fresh weight increased by 15.66%, 42.49%, 97.26% and 15.88%, respectively. So BCSA can promote seed germination and plant growth of M. sativa, V. villosa var. glabrescens, T. repens, and L. multiflorum can promote seed germination and plant growth.

  Livestock Production and Pastoralists’ Income in Pastoral and Semi-pastoral AreaUnder Grassland Ecological Protection Award and Subsidy Policy Yang Chun,Meng Zhixing and Yang Xudong 2016, 32 (8):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100091 Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 635 ) In order to study the effect of grassland ecological protection award and subsidy policy, the change of livestock production and pastoralists’ income in pastoral and semi-pastoral area was analyzed. The results showed that the slaughter of beef cattle and beef yield were basically stable after implementation of the policy. The inventory and slaughter of sheep, mutton yield and milk yield increased to some extent. The net income per capita of farmers and pastoralists, livestock income, the proportion of livestock income in the total income kept a continuing increase. Finally, the authors put forward suggestions including transforming livestock production mode, increasing the income of farmers and pastoralists and perfecting supporting policies of grassland ecological protection award and subsidy policy.

  Chinese Agriculture’s Dependence on Bee Pollination: Plantation Status of Crops Depending on Bee Pollination Sun Cuiqing and Zhao Zhijun 2016, 32 (8):  13-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100040 Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 636 ) With the decline of global wild pollinators caused by environmental degradation and the disappearance of managed bees for unknown reasons, developed countries are worried about the shortage of bee pollination in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze if this shortage may happen in China. Statistical analysis was conducted based on the plantation data of crops depending on bee pollination from 1999 to 2013. Planting area of 32 kinds of crops depending on bee pollination in six categories increased by 14.7% on average. And forages, field melons and fruits and woody fruits with relative fast increasing planting area were more depended on bee pollination. In addition, the rapid increase of facility agriculture and the high planting intensification increased the demand pressure of bee pollination. Though the shortage of bee pollination has not happened in China, the demand of agricultural production on bee pollination is stronger than before. So, it is suggested that the government should increase the amount of managed bees, construct commercialized bee pollination system and encourage farmers to raise bees appropriately to prevent the possible bee pollination shortage in the future.

  Development Path and Technological Change of Shrimp Aquaculture in China Zhou Jingjuan 2016, 32 (8):  22-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100018 Abstract + ( 1393 )   PDF ( 1468KB )   ( 811 ) The rise and development of shrimp aquaculture industry is the result of market demand and technological progress. Based on the data of China fisheries yearbook and FishstatJ database from FAO, the author made a qualitative and quantitative analysis of China’s overall scale of shrimp aquaculture from 1958 to 2015, the changes of the indicators including breeding species, yield per unit area, production cost and income, and the changes of technological path for shrimp breeding, disease prevention and control, nutritional needs, diet formulation and delicacy management. The study could clarify the evolution rule and provide reference for formulating a sustainable development strategy of shrimp aquaculture.

  Identification of SAMS Genes From Maize and Its Expression Under Adversity Stresses Yu Aili,Zhao Jinfeng,Wang Gaohong,Du Yanwei,Li Yanfang and Zhang Zheng 2016, 32 (8):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090139 Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 2298KB )   ( 507 ) S-adenosy lmethionine synthetase is a key enzyme in plant metabolism. It could catalyze ATP and methionine synthesis of S-adenosy lmethionine. In this study, the parameter characteristics of 4 S-adenosy lmethionine synthetase members (ZmSAMS) in maize genome were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The results showed that the parameters of the 4 members were close to each other. Different SAMS sequence alignment and evolution analysis indicated that the SAMS gene had a conserved sequence and structure in the process of evolution. Promoter cis-elements prediction and protein function analysis showed that the ZmSAMS genes might be involved in the physiological and biochemical processes such as stress response, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, immune response and so on. Real-time PCR validated that the ZmSAMS genes took part in the stress response of drought, high temperature, low temperature, salt, ABA and so on. So the authors speculated that the ZmSAMS genes played certain roles in different stress responses. This study provided useful clues for further elucidation of the function and mechanism of ZmSAMS genes in stress response.

  Research Progress of NPR in SA Signaling Pathways Qiao Yu and Ding Guohua 2016, 32 (8):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100117 Abstract + ( 2696 )   PDF ( 1316KB )   ( 686 ) For a long time, salicylic acid (SA) is regarded as an endogenous signaling molecule and associated with several resistances in plants. NPR is the key factor in SA signaling pathways that can mediate the signal transduction pathways smoothly. In order to illustrate the research progress of NPR in recent years clearly, this paper introduced NPR origin and SA receptors, concluded coordinating relationship between NPR1 and its paralogs NPR3/NPR4, analyzed the mechanism of both SA signaling pathways and SA for improving resistances in plants as well. The authors concluded that even though the NPR played a significant role in SA signaling pathways, the mechanisms of plant resistance induced by SA was a sophisticated and complex network, the existing biomolecular techniques could not make function of NPR totally transparency. Moreover, transduction of various molecular was not the same in different plants or different parts of the same plant. Thus, all components with their function in this process should be further confirmed, and the integrated process also should be based on a detailed study of model plant.

  A Review of Microbial Fermentation of Lactic Acid from Agricultural Organic Wastes Du Renpeng,Mu Liqiang,Ge Jingping,Wang Qi,Wang Yao,Yang Ruirui and Zhao Dan 2016, 32 (8):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100014 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 517 ) In order to reduce fermentation cost, decrease environmental pollution and improve the industrial flexibility of lactic acid fermentation, agricultural organic wastes and other renewable resources are used as raw materials, microbial fermentation of lactic acid overcomes the drawbacks of traditional methods and has been widely applied in production. In this paper, based on the introduction of microbial species which can produce lactic acids and their metabolic pathways, the research progress of microbial fermentation of lactic acid from agricultural organic wastes has been systematically discussed as well as the techniques of lactic acid fermentation, extraction and purification. Finally, the prospect of microbial fermentation of lactic acid from agricultural organic wastes has been predicted from the following three aspects, i.e. exploring microbial species resources, optimizing the techniques of fermentation and purification as well as expanding resource usage.

  Determination of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid Content in Germinated Brown Rice by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Hu Chunmiao,Chen Lijuan and Tan Yaling 2016, 32 (8):  50-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100133 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 338 ) To provide an efficient method for the determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in germinated brown rice, the content of GABA was determined by using ultra-high chromatographic column Waters BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 100 mm×2.1 mm) with 60% ethanol as the extraction agent, acetonitrile and water as mobile phase and OPA as the derivate agent. The results showed that the best derivation reaction time was 2 minutes, the sample could be stable for at least 24 hours under indoor temperature or stored at 4℃. The standard curve of GABA was plotted under the optimum condition. The mass concentration and the peak area of the low concentration standard sample showed good linear relationship, the detection limit was 0.5 mg/L, and the recovery rate was 98.88%-99.2% with the relative standard deviation of peak area being 0.6%-2.2%. The method is accurate, sensitive and time-saving, and can provide an effective and reliable tool for the determination of GABA in brown rice.

  Determination of Activities of Three Protective Enzymes from Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in Ningxiang He Xin,Yang Liu,Gong Lijun and Yang Zhongxia 2016, 32 (8):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110053 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 1342KB )   ( 372 ) In order to clarify the role of protective enzymes in the resistance to commonly used insecticides, activities of three protective enzymes from Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae in Ningxiang area were determined. The result showed that activities of the three protective enzymes of the field population were significantly higher than that of the sensitive population in lab. Activities of CAT, SOD and POD of the field population were 1.24, 1.15 and 2.11 times as much as that of the sensitive population, respectively. And activities of SOD and POD of the field population had significant differences compared with that of the sensitive population. The results indicated that the protective enzymes, especially SOD and POD, played important roles in resistance to insecticides in Ningxiang area.

  Research Progress of Soybean Root Rot Cheng Rong,Dong Zheng,Li Wei,Dai Liangying and Liu Shiming 2016, 32 (8):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100064 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 475 ) Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the major cash crops in China, however, its production is seriously influenced by soybean root rot disease. This review introduced the biological features and epidemic regulation of Phytophthora sojae, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani which caused soybean root rot, and the identification and cloning of soybean root rot resistance genes and their application in soybean breeding for disease resistance. In addition, the germplasm resources with disease resistance or tolerance, and the screening and application of soybean root rot biocontrol strains in China were reviewed, and several strategies for controlling soybean root rot were summarized. This review could provide the information for molecular mechanism study on soybean resistance to soybean root rot as well as prevention and control of the disease.

  Herbicide Control Effect Evaluation of Malignant Weed Nut Grass in Sugarcane Field Li Wenfeng,Zhang Rongyue,Huang Yingkun,Yin Jiong,Luo Zhiming,Wang Xiaoyan and Shan Hongli 2016, 32 (8):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110001 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 3017KB )   ( 328 ) In order to screen herbicides with ideal safety characteristics to control malignant weed nut grass in sugarcane field, 20% thifensulfuron mythl WP and 65% MCPA·ametryne·diuron WP were chosen for the field efficacy trial. The results showed that 20% thifensulfuron mythl WP and 65% MCPA·ametryne·diuron WP had good control effect on nut grass. The optimum dosage of 20% thifensulfuron mythl WP and 65% MCPA·ametryne·diuron WP was 1125 g/hm2 (the effective ingredient was 225 g) and 3150 g/hm2 (the effective ingredient was 2047.5 g), respectively. These two herbicides should be applied in the vigorous growth period of nut grass (10-15 cm high) and dissolved in 675 kg water per hectare with orientation stem leaf spraying. The control effect after 15 days could be above 87.9%.

  Runoff Variation Characteristics in Ebinur Lake Basin During 1964-2012 Mardan Abla,Mamattursun Eziz,Hamit Yimit,亚生江.麦麦提明,Gulziba Anwar and Yasinjan Mamatimin 2016, 32 (8):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110147 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 1370KB )   ( 498 ) The paper aims to analyze the variation characteristics of runoff in Ebinur Lake Basin, the variation law of runoff in Ebnur Lake was studied based on the observed monthly runoff of three key hydrological control stations during 1964-2012, and by using indexes such as non-uniformity coefficient, concentration degree and variation amplitude. The results indicated that: (1) the changing trend of annual runoff in Ebnur Lake Basin was “decrease-increase-decrease”, as a whole, it decreased slowly during 1964-1976, increased during 1977-2002, decreased during 2003-2012; the runoff was mainly concentrated in summer while it was the least in spring; (2) as time went on, the non-uniformity and concentration degree of annual runoff distribution of Jinghe River increased and that of Bortala River decreased; (3) the absolutely variation amplitude of annual runoff distribution of Jinghe River and Bortala River decreased at first, then increased with the time while the relatively variation amplitude of annual runoff distribution had a continuous decreasing trend.

  Reponses of Perinereis aibuhitensis Metabolism to Multiple-contamination: Its Utilization Analysis for Monitoring or Restoration Ge Changzi,Chai Yanchao,Wang Haiqing,Kan Manman,Sun Xiaodong and Yang Lei 2016, 32 (8):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090070 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 448 ) To study metabolism characteristics of Perinereis aibuhitensis under multiple-contamination and to judge its potential utilization for environment monitoring and bio-restoration, P. aibuhitensis was exposed to multiple-contamination of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbon for 20 days. Oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate and ratio of O:N were calculated. The results showed that Cd and petroleum hydrocarbon did not have significant effect on metabolism and metabolic substrate of P. aibuhitensis when the concentration of Cd and petroleum concentration was 0-1.00 mg/L and 0-0.20 mL/L, respectively. Moreover, there was no interaction effect of Cd and petroleum hydrocarbon. As a pollution resistant species, P. aibuhitensis was not sensitive to heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon. Its resistance to contamination would be underestimated if it was exposed to contaminations without sand. It was not suitable to monitor the environment only using P. aibuhitensis, and P. aibuhitensis could be used for bio-restoration of multiple-contamination of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbon.

  Measure and Analysis of Sustainable Development Based on Henan Ecological Footprint During 2000 to 2010 Huang Yanli,Su Hui,Huang Pengfei and Zhang Chunjie 2016, 32 (8):  78-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120071 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 1483KB )   ( 492 ) The authors calculated the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Henan Province during 2000 to 2010 based on ecological footprint model, then the level of sustainable development was analyzed by the ecological deficit, ecological pressure and ecological footprint of 10000 yuan GDP. The results showed that: (1) the per capita ecological carrying capacity of Henan increased from 0.5318 hm2 to 0.8220 hm2 during the 11 years, showing an increasing trend except in 2003; (2) the per capita ecological footprint had an increasing trend generally, the per capita biological footprint decreased and then increased, the footprint of construction land increased the fastest, the proportion of fossil energy land footprint was the biggest; (3) the per capita ecological deficit increased from 0.2479 hm2 to 0.5238 hm2 during the 11 years, which showed an increasing trend, the economic development was not sustainable, while the ecological pressure experienced a decline-increase repeating trend; (4) the 10000 yuan GDP ecological footprint kept a decreasing trend from 1.4640 km2 in 2000 to 0.5481 km2 in 2010. In order to achieve the sustainable development in Henan Province under the construction of Central Plains Economic Zone, agriculture efficiency should be improved to build a strong agricultural province, industrial structure should be optimized to insure the improvement of economic quality, and the ecological idea should be fulfilled to guide green production and consumption.

  Eco-economic Regionalization of Henan Province Shang Yike,Guo Zilong and Meng Qingxiang 2016, 32 (8):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100063 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 451 ) To coordinate the relationship between the economic development and ecological environment, realize the sustainable development of regional economy, based on the ecological environment and social economic data of 18 cities in Henan Province, a corresponding evaluation index system was built, the eco-economic differentiation characteristics were analyzed and the study on eco-economic regionalization was completed. The results showed that the ecological environment situation in Henan Province could be divided into two levels, the excellent and good, which accounted for 27.22% and 72.78% of the total area, respectively. According to the economic development, Henan Province could be divided into good economic area, medium economic area and poor economic area, which accounted for 4.51%, 61.67% and 33.82% of the total area, respectively. According to the ecological environment and socio-economic condition on the city scale, Henan Province was divided into 5 eco-economic regions. Regulating the industrial structure and protecting the ecological environment is the future development orientation of Henan Province.

  Coupling and Coordination Degree Between Land Use Efficiency and Urbanization Level in Southern Xinjiang Gulimeiheri Abasi,古丽美合日BbBb阿巴斯,Alimujiang Kasimu and 阿里木江BbBb卡斯木 2016, 32 (8):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070006 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 2263KB )   ( 407 ) To promote a sustainable economic development of southern Xinjiang and construct the Silk Road economic belt, three regions and two autonomous prefectures in southern Xinjiang were taken as subjects, the urbanization level and land use efficiency were calculated, then the coupling and coordination degree between the urbanization level and land use efficiency from 2000 to 2013 were analyzed by using ArcGIS server and SPSS software. The results showed that the urbanization development in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture and Kashigar region was faster than the land use efficiency in early period, but then the urbanization level was lagging behind the land use efficiency. Urbanization in Aksu region was faster than the land use efficiency. The urbanization level in Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture and Hotan region was lagging behind the land use efficiency. The coupling degree analysis indicated that the study area in southern Xinjiang kept a low coupling and integration degree. And the coordination degree analysis indicated that the average coordination degree in southern Xinjiang was not high, but there were obvious differences among different areas.

  Vegetation Variation in Gaize County During 2000-2014 and Evaluation of the Grassland Protection Policy Chen Tao,Du Xiaohui,La Ba and Laba Zhuoma 2016, 32 (8):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100044 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 2875KB )   ( 293 ) The paper aims to evaluate the grassland protection policy in Gaize County. Using the 3S technology, MODIS-NDVI data, meteorological data and grazing prohibition data during 2000-2014, the authors investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation in Gaize County. The results showed that: the vegetation cover was generally sparse and the average NDVI ranged from 0 to 0.2 while the maximum composite NDVI was from 0.1 to 0.3. The vegetation cover in the south part of Gaize County was much better than that in the north part. Summer had the best vegetation cover and spring had the worst. The vegetation had no significant seasonal change in the Kunlun Mountains which was located in the north part of Gaize County. As a whole, the vegetation distribution was quite stable during 2000-2014 in Gaize County. The vegetation stable areas and the areas with improved vegetation cover accounted for 45.46% and 11.28% of the whole county area, respectively, the areas with worsening vegetation cover accounted for 8.69% of the county area. The area with better vegetation was larger than the area with worse vegetation. The variations of precipitation and temperature were not beneficial to the improvement of vegetation during 2008-2014, so the grassland protection policy played a significant role in vegetation amelioration.

  Soil Fertility Detection and Improvement of Blueberry Planting Wang Zhimin,Fu Zhaozhou,Kong Lingjian,Long Zaifeng,Liu Dingqing and Fu Yaping 2016, 32 (8):  104-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090135 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 402 ) As a newly-developing fruit tree, blueberry has high nutrition and medicinal value, and is highly favored by consumers. However, its growth and development have strict requirement on soil environment, which seriously affects the sustainable development of blueberry industry. In order to accelerate the high yield and good quality cultivation of blueberry, soil improvement tests were carried out by applying blueberry special fertilizer, phosphoric acid and plant ash based on the determination of blueberry cultivation soil properties. The results showed that the content of N and K of the improved soil increased to 200.5 to 1145.5 mg/kg and 10.45 to 63.5 mg/kg respectively than before, but the content of P (120.2~626.3 mg/kg) had little difference, and the organic matter content had no significant difference. The t test showed that the pH values were significantly different and pH 4.15 to 4.8 was the most suitable range for blueberry cultivation. In a word, the improved soil was suitable for regional planting of blueberry, and this study could provide certain reference for its large-scale promotion.

  Soil Environmental Quality Synthesized Evaluation Index System and Zoning Management Strategy in Typical Black Soil Region Lv Chuan and Chen Minghui 2016, 32 (8):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080146 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 519 ) The northeast black soil area is an important commodity grain base in China. Due to the rapid development of economy and the improvement of industry and agriculture, regional soil and water loss became serious, black soil layer became thinner and soil fertility became worse. Combined with the soil environmental condition and existing environmental problems, the authors selected typical black soil environmental quality indicators from 5 aspects including driving force, soil environmental pressure, soil environmental condition, soil environmental impact and response based on the driving force - pressure - state - response (DPSIR) framework model. The index system included 5 parts, 18 primary indexes and 30 second indexes. The authors put forward the soil environmental zoning and classification management solution in black soil area with the guidance of evaluation index system and in combination with existing environmental management policies and soil environmental quality problems, the result provided a scientific basis for regional soil environmental management and environmental protection.

  Research Progress of Saline Soil Improvement Technology Zhao Xuan,Han Jichang,Wang Huanyuan and Zhang Yang 2016, 32 (8):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100047 Abstract + ( 793 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 484 ) Soil salinization is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, highly restricting social and economic development. Salinization is also a prominent problem in China where natural factors and irrational exploitation of land have caused secondary salinization and accelerated the soil salinization process. In China, the prevention, mitigation or amelioration of saline soil by various measures has become a hot issue. This study summarized the framework of the soil salinization research in China, reviewed the development of the study on saline soil, analyzed the measures for improving saline-alkali soil, and pointed out the shortcoming in the research. The paper summarized recent advancements and hot spots of relevant researches in major fields of the study, and discussed prospects of the study by referring to the frontiers. The paper also suggested that emphasis should be laid on topics of assessment and forecast of soil salinization, soil saltwater regime and modeling, salt tolerance mechanism of salt tolerant plants, mechanism of the interaction between plant and soil salt, so as to develop the ameliorating technology.

  Distribution Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Yihe Basin Lin Jinkuo,Li Zijun,Jiang Aixia and Xu Haichao 2016, 32 (8):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110031 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 1629KB )   ( 423 ) The paper aims to explore the soil erosion intensity and regularity in Yihe basin. Based on spatial and statistical analysis of ArcGIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Yihe basin were studied from 4 aspects of elevation, slope, soil type distribution and land use situation. The results indicated that: (1) moderate erosion was the primary erosion type, and there were obviously regional differences in this basin; (2) erosion occurred mainly below 600 m, wherein the eroded area was located most in the region between 200-400 m; (3) area of soil erosion was large when the slope was under 5° and between 8°-15°, the strength of soil erosion was first enhanced and then weakened with the increase of the slope; (4) the greater the total soil area was, the greater the erosion area was; the rate of soil erosion in rocky soil and skeletal soil was high, and the rate in damp soil and lime concretion black soil was relatively low; (5) the area of soil erosion was large in arable land, woodland and grassland, the rate of soil erosion in grassland and unused land was large, the rate of soil erosion in water area was the minimum.

  Wind Disaster Index Design for Facility Agriculture in Eastern Hexi Corridor of Gansu Guo Xiaoqin,Liu Mingchun,Chen Lifu and Wang Xuhong 2016, 32 (8):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110057 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 506 ) Based on the daily maximum wind speed and the extreme wind speed data of eastern Hexi Corridor in Gansu from 1980 to 2014, the mathematical regression method was used to construct a long sequence of wind speed data, and then with double conditional constraint indicators, the authors defined the mild, moderate, severe and heavy grade range. The results showed that the north central region had the most serious wind disaster to facility agriculture between April and May, the disaster intensity and concentration degree were almost synchronous. In annual variation, the mild disaster had multi-fluctuation, moderate and serious disasters were significantly decreasing, heavy disasters occurred sometimes. Overall, the north region had particularly severe wind disasters, the wind disaster composite index increased in the order of Liangzhou, Gulang, Tianzhu, Minqin, Yongchang and Wushaoling. Because Liangzhou and Gulang had the smallest wind disaster composite index, they could be the primary choice of facility agriculture development in the region, Tianzhu County should adjust measures to local conditions in facility agriculture, Minqin should choose good wind resistance sunlight greenhouse, and Yongchang was not suitable for the promotion of facility agriculture. The results of the research could provide a reference for wind disaster forecasting and scientific layout of regional facility agriculture, and fill the gaps of regional disaster assessment system.

  Evaluation Method of Agricultural Meteorological Service Benefit Based on AHP/BCG Hu Lili,Chen Lei and Guo Xiaoqin 2016, 32 (8):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110072 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 402 ) In order to assess and analyze agricultural meteorological service benefit scientifically and accurately, combined with the characteristics of the local agricultural meteorological services, the author used the AHP (AHP) and BCG (Boston matrix) method to construct a new agricultural meteorological services benefit assessment model for adapting local characteristics and benefit assessment. And it could make the complex system mathematical, hierarchical and systematic, used the questionnaire of agricultural meteorological service satisfaction in Wuwei City in 2015. Results showed that: “the meteorological department’s understanding of the local agricultural meteorological needs and the social and economic benefits it brings”, “accuracy of prediction elements”, “meteorological service product characteristic”, “richness of agricultural meteorological products” 4 categories of indicators were the core of the project, and become the main indicator of good social and economic benefits in the agricultural meteorological service; “user future plans” belonged to development projects and it had a good development potential. So that the meteorological department could reasonably determine the service product focus, improve services, and actively expand the service information distribution channels and effective distribution of agricultural meteorological service resources, to improve the agricultural meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation level had important significance.

  Rapid Strengthening of Typhoon “Parma” in Beibu Gulf Huang Rongcheng,Chen Jian,Zhao Jinbiao and Zeng Xiaotuan 2016, 32 (8):  136-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120037 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 2012KB )   ( 410 ) The paper aims to find out the major influencing factors of environmental field, which cause a rapid strengthening of typhoon in Beibu gulf, thus to accumulate forecast experience for such type of typhoon. The environmental factors of typhoon “Parma” rapid strengthening process in Beibu gulf were studied by using NCEP reanalysis data and NOAA daily average sea surface temperature data. The results showed that: (1) the strengthening was caused by blocking highs collapsing and moving to south, the transversal trough changing to vertical one, with stable south Asia high, weakened subtropical high and collapsed north side high dam, and cold ground high; (2) the important factors which led to rapid strengthening of typhoon were vertical shear of environmental wind field changing from the strong shear to weak shear, the strongest negative vertical spiral degrees sinking from the middle-high level and adjusting its intensity, the strengthening of the low-level environmental atmospheric convergence and the maintaining of the high-level divergence, the enhancing of the environmental atmospheric instability, the embedding of weak cold air on the west side of typhoon, enhanced water vapor transport and the SST of Beibu gulf over 27.5℃.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution of 0℃ Boundary Temperature Change in Tibet During 1981-2014 Ma Pengfei,Du Jun and Du Xiaohui 2016, 32 (8):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110118 Abstract + ( 843 )   PDF ( 3004KB )   ( 416 ) Under the background of climate warming, the authors studied the change characteristics of 0℃ boundary temperature in Tibet, in order to rationally develop agricultural climate resources. Based on the daily air temperature data of 38 meteorological stations from 1981 to 2014, by using the linear trend method, the M-K method and anomaly, several elements were analyzed, including the beginning day, terminal day, duration and accumulated temperature of the daily temperature above 0℃ stably. The results showed that the beginning day was in advanced with a rate of 3.1 d/10 a, the ending day was delayed with a rate of 1.9 d/10 a, the duration was increased 5.0 days per decade, and the accumulated temperature of the daily temperature above 0℃ stably had an increasing trend, which increased 83.2℃ per decade in Tibet, and the change was more obvious in lower altitude. It was also found that the inter-decadal variation trend of the critical temperature ≥0℃ presented the characteristics of earlier beginning day, delayed terminal day, prolonged duration and increased accumulated temperature in most part of Tibet. In Tibet, the climate mutation point of the first day and the accumulated temperature occurred in the early 21st century, the mutation time of the terminal day was in the late 1980s and that of the duration was in the mid-late 1990s.

  Winter Air Temperature Change Features in Northeast China Yao Chenyu and Huang Qian 2016, 32 (8):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120134 Abstract + ( 972 )   PDF ( 2230KB )   ( 413 ) The temporal and spatial change of 2 m air temperature in winter (December, January and February) of Northeast China was analyzed based on the monthly average data from 27 stations during 1961 to 2014 and the method of EOF decomposition was used, the relationship between 2 m temporal and spatial air temperature change and the Pacific Ocean sea temperature and general atmospheric circulationand was studied. The results showed that: the first EOF decomposition mode presented a consistent warming trend of the whole region, especially in Jilin and Heilongjiang Province; the second EOF decomposition mode indicated the anti-phase of temperature in the north and south of this region with significant inter-annual variation characteristics. The relationship with sea temperature showed that the generally warming trend of Northeast China was closely related to the sea temperature in equator-Indian Ocean, and the circulation characteristic showed that a strong polar vortex was found in the upper troposphere, and shrunk in the polar region. There was an anomalous high-pressure ridge in Northeast China which retrained the cold air spread from the polar region to the south. The north-south vibration of temperature in Northeast China was closely related to the sea temperature of equator-Pacific Ocean, the sea temperature of equator-East Pacific Ocean was abnormally warm, which corresponded to the temperature characteristic of high in south and low in north in this region. The circulation feature showed that the cold high was weaker in land, Baikal to Yakutsk showed an obvious trough of low pressure, which was significantly and positively related to the geopotential height of middle latitude Pacific Ocean, and significantly and negatively related to the geopotential height of the northeast to North Pacific Ocean, and significantly and positively related to the geopotential height of upper troposphere and the East Pacific Ocean.

  Factors Influencing Farmer’s Cognitive Level of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products: Lou Bojie,Zhang Huina,Song Min and Lou Bohao 2016, 32 (8):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100020 Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 381 ) In order to improve farmers’ cognitive level of agricultural products, and guide farmers’ safe producing behavior, the important factors affecting farmers’ cognitive level of the quality and safety of agricultural products were analyzed by Logit regression model using survey data of 474 households in six provinces in eastern China. The results showed that age, education level and other characteristics of famers themselves did not have significant effect on the cognitive level, while external factors including market factors, government regulation factors and regional factors had important effect. Finally the authors put forward suggestions including strengthening the construction of rural information and grassroots social service system, and promoting the certification process of agricultural products.

  Food Security from the Perspective of New Industrialization, Informatization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and Greenization: An Example of Hunan Province Zhou Li and Kuang Yuanpei 2016, 32 (8):  164-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100041 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 439 ) In order to study the influence factors of food security in Hunan Province and ensure a sustainable development of its grain production, the authors took representative indexes of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization and greenization as the test materials, derived the values of these indexes from 2001 to 2012 in Hunan Province. By using entropy weight method and multiple linear regression method, the influence factors of grain production were quantitatively studied. The results showed that: the elastic coefficient of agricultural modernization was 0.182, the elastic coefficient of new industrialization was 0.369, the elastic coefficient of greenization was 1.162, agricultural modernization, industrialization and greenization passed the test respectively by 10%, 5% and 1%, and had greater impact on grain production. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the impact of agricultural modernization, new industrialization and greenization in combining with the actual situation of Hunan Province in order to achieve the grain production goals according to the quality and quantity.

  Farmers Willingness for Planting Foxtail Millet and Its Influencing Factors in China Liu Meng,Liu Fei,Xia Xueyan,Nan Chunmei,Li Shunguo and Song Shijia 2016, 32 (8):  170-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120140 Abstract + ( 1559 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 635 ) At present, China’s foxtail millet production is still mainly based on the planting by farmers. Faced with problems such as the shrinking of foxtail millet planting area, and low enthusiasm of farmers for growing foxtail millet, a planting willingness investigation was conducted in the main foxtail millet production areas and 1031 valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS statistical software was used to carry on the logistic model analysis. The results showed that five indicators, the foxtail millet yield, taste, whether there were subsidizes, foxtail millet planting area and price, reached 0.01% extremely significant level, and the level of education reached 0.05% significant level. These indicators were the significant factors affecting farmers’ willingness for planting foxtail millet. Finally, we put forward suggestions including strengthening technology research on cultivating new varieties of high yield and good quality, enhancing policy support and subsidizes to agriculture, popularizing foxtail millet culture and initiating healthy diet.

  Farmers’ Willingness of Rural Homestead Circulation and Its Influencing Factors in Major Grain Producing Areas in Northeastern China: A Survey of 300 Households in Yi’an County Chen Jue,Cheng Xianwei and Ni Weiqiu 2016, 32 (8):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100066 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 427 ) To investigate the effect of the willingness of rural homestead circulation in major grain producing areas in northeastern China on the solution of the rural hollowing problem and the guarantee of food security, 300 farmers from Yi’an County in Heilongjiang Province were selected to be the participatory in the research. And the Logistic regression model was applied to conducting the quantitative analysis of farmers’ willingness and influencing factors of rural homestead circulation. The results showed that farmers’ willingness of homestead circulation was lower in major grain producing areas in northeastern China. Farmers in the rural homestead circulation considered both “economic rationality” and “living rationality”. The influencing factors of rural homestead circulation had some typical regional characteristics, and family population, resident population, homestead number, unused homestead and age, etc. were the major factors. Policy guidance should be strengthened in homestead circulation in major grain producing areas in northeastern China.

  Research Review of Illegal Land Use in China:Situation, Factor and Governance Mao Xun and Chen Zhigang 2016, 32 (8):  183-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100139 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 509 ) The problems of illegal land use attract a wide spread attention in China. The authors summarized and discussed the research results at home and abroad in recent years from three aspects of characteristic and situation, factor and driven mechanism, and influence and governance. The results showed that most of the existing studies were focused on the cause and influencing factors of illegal land use, and provided countermeasures based on the factors. Meanwhile, differences were also found among them. The researches in China paid attention to macroscopic analysis, while foreign literatures paid attention to microcosmic perspective. The research method in China mainly based on experience-based judgment and qualitative analysis, the application of measurement model only started in recent years, while case analysis, theoretical model building and analysis validation by micro-survey data were used in foreign literatures. At last, this paper discussed the trend of illegal land-use development in China and research interests in the future.

  E-marketing Application of Specialized Cooperatives in Beijing Suburb: Tong Yanli 2016, 32 (8):  191-195.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110092 Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 699KB )   ( 342 ) In order to research the e-marketing application of specialized cooperatives in Beijing suburb, investigation of 100 specialized cooperatives was conducted by questionnaire and interview. The technology and method of e-marketing applied in the sales process of agricultural products were studied, and the data were analyzed to find out the main problems and causes existing in the implementation of e-marketing. The results showed that e-marketing application desire of specialized cooperatives in Beijing suburb was strong, however, the application of e-marketing was not much. The implementation effect was not good because of the lack of professional talents, the restriction of professional technology and other objective conditions. Finally some suggestions including government support, multi-participation and training of professional talents were proposed for e-marketing application of specialized cooperatives.

  Rural Medical Security Condition Level of China Based on Principal Component Analysis Xiao Lidong,Wang Xingzhu and Wang Jitian 2016, 32 (8):  196-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090075 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 656 ) The objective of this study was to measure the specific level of rural medical security condition in China, and provide references for the construction and improvement of rural medical security. The main influencing factors from rural medical condition index group were extracted by principal component analysis, then the factors were classified, and finally the comprehensive evaluation index system of rural medical condition was built. The empirical results showed that there were strong correlations among the selected indexes which could represent the level of rural medical condition. The average value of the comprehensive index representing medical condition at present in rural areas was 364154.36, only slightly higher than the highest value of the new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) that could provide. This indicated that the level of the rural medical security condition was not high, and mainly relied on the development of NCMS. Besides, the direct cause of this phenomenon was the reduction of government funding and the limiting factors of medical institutions themselves. The reality of rural social situation, income, medical behavior and insurance awareness of rural residents also affected the development of rural medical security indirectly. Finally, combining the realities of rural society and the medical behavior of residents, relevant proposals were put forward from the aspects of strengthening rural economic development, increasing the government support, establishing the rural medical management system and promoting the new rural cooperative processes to improve the level of China’s rural medical security.

  Characteristics and Approaches of Farmer Vocational Education in Ancient China Zhu Xiaoqin 2016, 32 (8):  201-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100080 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 1141KB )   ( 408 ) In order to comprehensively understand farmer vocational education in ancient China, its characteristics and approaches were analyzed based on literatures. Vocational education in ancient China had a long history, large amount of students, rich content and flexible and diverse methods. It was mainly completed through family education, guidance of agricultural experts, supervision of agricultural institutions, agricultural books, etc. Studying farmer vocational education is of certain significance for the transformation of agricultural science and technology and the progress of social development at present.