Abstract: A total number of 2413 soil samples were collected by the method of grid sampling, which covered 5 subclasses in all 3 soil types. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium, slowly potassium, available phosphorus and available medium trace elements were measured and analyzed to clarify the distribution characteristics of soil nutrient and guide scientific and reasonable fertilization in Xiaoyi. The results showed that the mean content of soil organic matter in different subclasses was 8.86-23.26 g/kg, which was in the medium or lack level. The mean available nitrogen content was 76.79-89.47 mg/kg, which was in the medium level. The mean available phosphorus content was 9.46-15.79 mg/kg, which was in the rich or medium level. The mean available potassium content was 139.11-207.74 mg/kg, which was in the rich level. The nutrient contents in different subclasses were significantly different, in general, all these nutrients presented the highest values in salined flavo-aquic soil, and followed by calcareous cinnamon soil, and the contents in meadow cinnamon soil, cinnamon soil and typically red clay soil were relative low. The variable coefficients of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in different subclasses, and the variable coefficients of available nitrogen, available potassium and slowly available potassium were very low. And the available medium trace elements contents among different subclasses were not very consistent. In general, except that available boron was relatively low, available manganese, available iron, available copper and available zinc were in medium or high level, and the variable coefficients of these medium trace elements contents were very low. Such distribution characteristics of soil nutrients should be considered to take nutrient basic balance strategy to optimize fertilization on a basis of soil testing, so as to achieve the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture in Xiaoyi.