Abstract: The paper aims to reveal the effect of cold air process on temperature of different aquatic water. The response and variation of water temperature of each water layer caused by cold air process were studied based on water temperature data of two different water bodies during the occurrence of cold air in spring and autumn in 2011 and 2012, by using statistical analysis method. Besides, the water temperature reduction prediction models of each water layer were also established. The results showed that: (1) after the cold air, the amplitude reduction of water temperature of shallow layer was larger than that of deep one, and the minimum water temperature of large water body appeared obviously later than that of small water body; (2) the greater the intensity of cold air process, the greater the difference of water temperature reduction was, temperature of small water body was more likely to decrease under cold air; (3) the correlation between small water body’s temperature reduction and meteorological elements was much better than that of larger water body’s; and shallow water layer’s temperature was more vulnerable to the change of external meteorological elements, while the effect on deep layer was relatively inconspicuous, especially in deep layer of large water body; (4) the simulation result of established water temperature reduction model of small water body was much better, and the result was relatively good in the shallow layers (10 to 50 cm water layer) of large water body, while less satisfied in the deep layers (100 to 150 cm water layer). Thus, the predictive model established based on related meteorological factors can provide production guidance and warning during the critical aquaculture period in spring and autumn.