Abstract: To illuminate the physiological mechanism for the resistance of Matteuccia struthiopteris and present theoretical foundation for the cultivation of Matteuccia struthiopteris, potted experiments, photosynthesis tester and agrochemical soil analysis experiments were adopted to investigate the influences of ecological factors, such as soil moisture content, organic fertilizer and light intensity, on the growth and photosynthetic characteristic of Matteuccia struthiopteris. The results showed that Matteuccia struthiopteris seedling had resistance to water stress. When the mass water content of soil was 70%-75% of field capacity, it was optimal for Matteuccia struthiopteris growth, both the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil water content, the trend of water use efficiency (Ew) was conversely. The use of organic fertilizer had positive effects on growth of Matteuccia struthiopteris, composted pig manure was the best and its effect reached the peak at 1500 kg/hm2. Shade measures benefited the growth of Matteuccia struthiopteris, and the optimal transmittance was 30%. The optimal condition for Matteuccia struthiopteris growth was: the mass water content of soil was 70%- 75% of field capacity, pig manure application amount of 1500 kg/hm2 and the transmittance of 30%.